Perfect Tenses

Разберем все Perfect tenses (перфектные времена) в английском с краткими пояснениями, примерами и упражнениями с ответами.

Краткая шпаргалка по Perfect Tenses

Упражнения

Упражнение 1: Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

Раскройте скобки, выбрав правильное время.

1.    I (never / see) ______ such a beautiful sunset before.

2.    She (buy) ______ a new car last month.

3.    (you / finish) ______ your homework yet?

4.    He (live) ______ in London for five years, then he moved to Paris.

5.    We (just / hear) ______ the news. It's unbelievable!

6.    They (not / call) ______ me since last Friday.

Упражнение 2: Past Perfect

Дополните предложения, используя Past Perfect.

1.    When I arrived at the station, the train (already / leave) ______.

2.    She was tired because she (work) ______ all day.

3.    I (never / be) ______ to Japan before that trip in 2019.

4.    They realized they (lose) ______ their way.

5.    By the time he got home, his wife (prepare) ______ dinner.

Упражнение 3: Future Perfect

Составьте предложения в Future Perfect.

1.    By 2030, scientists (find) ______ a cure for many diseases.

2.    We (finish) ______ the project by the end of next week.

3.    How many books (you / read) ______ by the end of the year?

4.    They (not / build) ______ the bridge before December.

5.    By the time you arrive, I (cook) ______ dinner.

Упражнение 4: Present Perfect Continuous

Раскройте скобки, используя Present Perfect Continuous.

1.    It (rain) ______ since morning.

2.    How long (you / wait) ______ for me?

3.    She looks tired. She (study) ______ all night.

4.    They (live) ______ in this town for 10 years.

5.    I (try) ______ to call him for half an hour, but there's no answer.

Упражнение 5: Past Perfect Continuous

Раскройте скобки, используя Past Perfect Continuous.

1.    His eyes were red. He (cry) ______.

2.    They were out of breath because they (run) ______.

3.    How long (you / learn) ______ English before you moved to the USA?

4.    The engine (make) ______ a strange noise for a while before it stopped.

5.    She (work) ______ at the company for only six months when she got promoted.

Упражнение 6: Future Perfect Continuous

Раскройте скобки, используя Future Perfect Continuous.

1.    By next summer, I (live) ______ here for exactly ten years.

2.    In December, we (work) ______ on this film for two years.

3.    By the time the concert ends, they (perform) ______ for over three hours.

Упражнение 7: Смешанные времена (Perfect)

Выберите правильный вариант.

1.    I'm hungry. I (haven't eaten / hadn't eaten) anything since breakfast.

2.    When I opened the fridge, I saw that someone (has eaten / had eaten) my cake.

3.    By 2050, climate change (has transformed / will have transformed) many coastal cities.

4.    He was covered in paint because he (has been decorating / had been decorating) the kitchen.

5.    Look! It (has been snowing / had been snowing). The ground is all white.

Ответы

Упражнение 1

1.    have never seen

2.    bought

3.    Have you finished

4.    lived (Past Simple, так как период закончен)

5.    have just heard

6.    haven't called

Упражнение 2

1.    had already left

2.    had been working (здесь лучше Past Perfect Continuous, но по заданию Past Perfect: had worked)

3.    had never been

4.    had lost

5.    had prepared

Упражнение 3

1.    will have found

2.    will have finished

3.    will you have read

4.    won't have built

5.    will have cooked

Упражнение 4

1.    has been raining

2.    have you been waiting

3.    has been studying

4.    have been living (или have lived – разница нюансов)

5.    have been trying

Упражнение 5

1.    had been crying

2.    had been running

3.    had you been learning

4.    had been making

5.    had been working

Упражнение 6

1.    will have been living

2.    will have been working

3.    will have been performing

Упражнение 7

1.    haven't eaten (Present Perfect – период с утра до сих пор)

2.    had eaten (действие до другого действия в прошлом)

3.    will have transformed (действие завершится к моменту в будущем)

4.    had been decorating (процесс длился до момента в прошлом, важен его результат)

5.    has been snowing (процесс, результат которого виден сейчас)

Советы для закрепления:

1.    Present Perfect связывает прошлое с настоящим. Нет конкретного указания на время в прошлом.

2.    Past Perfect показывает "предпрошлое" – что произошло раньше другого прошлого события.

3.    Future Perfect – это "будущее до будущего".

4.    Continuous формы (Perfect Continuous) делают акцент на длительности, процессе действия.

5.    Обращайте внимание на маркеры времени (by, since, for, already, yet) и контекст.