Петр 2 - на английском

На тему:
Петр второй

Детство

. Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich, born 12 October 1715 in St. Petersburg, was the son of the heir to the throne Alexei (sentenced to death in 1718) and his wife Sophia-Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, who died 10 days after giving birth. The future heir to the throne, as well as his older sister Natalia, was not the fruit of love and family happiness

Юность при Екатерине 2

After the death of Peter I, the issue of an heir began to be resolved. Representatives of the old family nobility (Lopukhins, Dolgorukovs) supported the candidacy of 9-year-old Peter Alekseevich, while representatives of the new service nobility, who became influential under Peter I, spoke in favor of declaring Peter's widow Catherine empress. The issue was resolved simply — Prince Menshikov surrounded the palace with guards and enthroned his former mistress.

Восшествие на престол.

Shortly before the death of the Empress, the members of the Supreme Privy Council, the Senate, the Synod, the presidents of the colleges and the staff officers of the Guard gathered in the palace for a meeting about who should become emperor after Catherine's death. Menshikov's enemies began to discuss the idea of the coronation of one of the tsarevens, but the majority spoke in favor of Pyotr Alekseevich, who had to be under the guardianship of the Supreme Privy Council until the age of 16 and swear not to take revenge on anyone who signed the death sentence of his father, Alexei Petrovich.

Царствование.

Peter II was not able to rule independently, as a result of which almost unlimited power was first in the hands of Menshikov, and then — Osterman and Dolgorukov. As with his predecessor, the state was governed by inertia. The courtiers tried to follow the precepts of Peter the Great, but the preservation of the political system created by him revealed all the shortcomings inherent in it

Внутренняя политика.

Shortly after the accession of Peter II to the throne, Menshikov compiled two manifestos on his behalf, designed to turn the population in his favor. The first of these decrees, serfs were forgiven for long-standing arrears, and those exiled for non-payment of taxes to hard labor were granted freedom. This undertaking was continued. Under Peter, Russia began softening the penal code — a process that will reach its apogee under Elizabeth.