Времена группы PRESENT
Present Simple – Настоящее простое время
Утвердительная форма N + V/Vs |
Отрицательная форма N + don’t (doesn’t) + V |
Вопросительная форма Do/does + N + V? |
I /you/we/they play He/she/it plays |
I /you/we/they do not (don’t) play He/she/it does not (doesn’t) play |
Do I/you/we/they play? Does he/she/it play? |
Употребляется для описания:
Ø повторяющихся действий в настоящем. - I go to the swimming pool every Saturday.
Ø типичных ситуаций. – We learn two foreign languages at school.
Ø чувств, мыслей, состояний. – I like classical music.
Ø общеизвестных фактов. – Water boils at 1000 C.
Present Simple обычно употребляется с выражениями:
o every day/week/summer/ и т.д.
o always
o usually
o often
o sometimes
o seldom
o never
(как правило, эти наречия ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, но после глагола to be) – I often meet my friends at the weekend.
I am always glad to go on a picnic.
Present Continuous – Настоящее продолженное время
Утвердительная форма N + am/is/are + Ving |
Отрицательная форма N + am/is/are + not + Ving |
Вопросительная форма Am/is/are + N + Ving? |
I am playing He/she/it is playing We/you/they are playing |
I am not playing He/she/it is not (isn’t) playing We/you/they are not (aren’t) playing |
Am I playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are we/you/they playing? |
Употребляется для описания:
Ø действий, происходящих в момент речи. – I am going to the swimming pool now.
Ø действий, происходящих в настоящий период времени. – I am taking driving lessons.
Ø запланированных действий в будущем, особенно при наличии договоренности. – We are leaving for Moscow this evening.
Ø отрицательных эмоций (раздражения, возмущения и т.п.), обычно со словом always. – He is always taking my bike without asking me about it.
Указатели времени Present Continuous:
o now
o at the moment
o at present
o nowadays
o these days
o today
o tomorrow
o next month
Stative verbs – глаголы состояния
Stative verbs – (глаголы, которые описывают чувства, мысли, состояния) как правило, не употребляются во временах группы continuous.
Наиболее распространенные глаголы состояния:
be, like, love, hate, believe, think, know, want, remember, forget, understand, see, seem, need, prefer, have, belong to
НО: глаголы be, have, think могут использоваться во временах группы continuous в том случае, если они описывают действие как процесс.
v I think he is right. (мнение)
v I am thinking about the news he told me. (размышление)
Present Perfect – Настоящее совершенное время
Утвердительная форма N + have/has + V3 |
Отрицательная форма N + have/has + not + V3 |
Вопросительная форма Have/has + N + V3? |
I/you/we/they have played He/she/it has played |
I/you/we/they have not (haven’t) played He/she/it has not (hasn’t) played |
Have I/you/we/they played? Has he/she/it played? |
Употребляется для описания:
Ø действий, произошедших в прошлом, но имеющих видимый результат в настоящем. – He is happy because he has won the competition.
Ø действий, произошедших в неустановленное время в прошлом; при этом действие более важно, чем время. – I have passed my exams.
Ø недавно завершенных действий. – I have just finished my homework.
Ø действий, произошедших в текущий, незаконченный период времени (today, this week/month…, so far). – We have visited a museum this week.
Ø действий, начавшихся в прошлом и продолжающихся до сих пор, особенно с глаголами состояния be, have, like, know, и т.д. – I have known this person for two years already.
Указатели времени:
o just – They have just written a report.
o already – They have already written a report.
o yet – Have they written a report yet?
o ever – Have you ever written a report in English?
o never – I have never written a report in English.
o for – I have known this person for two years.
o since – I have known him since 2019.
Present Perfect Continuous – Настоящее совершенное продолженное время
Утвердительная форма N + have/has + been + Ving |
Отрицательная форма N + have/has + not + been + Ving |
Вопросительная форма Have/has + N + been + Ving? |
I/you/we/they have been playing He/she/it has been playing |
I/you/we/they have not (haven’t) been playing He/she/it has not (hasn’t) been playing |
Have I/you/we/they been playing? Has he/she/it been playing? |
Употребление:
Ø подчеркивается значение длительности действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени. – He has been reading this book since Wednesday.
Ø Описывается действие, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом и обязательно имеет видимый, ощутимый результат в настоящем. – It has been raining all day and the streets are flooded.
Указатели времени:
o since
o for
o how long
Сравните следующие предложения:
Present Simple |
Present Continuous |
Present Perfect |
Present Perfect Continuous |
They often write dictations. |
They are writing a dictation now. |
They have just written a dictation. |
They have been writing a dictation since 10 o’clock. |
He usually plays hockey after classes. |
At the moment he is playing hockey. |
He has already played hickey. |
He has been playing hockey for 40 minutes already. |
Mary likes reading English books. |
She is reading an English book. |
She has read Harry Potter recently. |
She has been reading English books since her childhood. |
It often rains here in autumn. |
Don’t forget to take your umbrella. It is raining. |
The rain has stopped and we can go for a walk. |
It has been raining since morning. |
Литература:
1) Starlight 8 – (Учебник «Звездный английский» / Virginia Evans и др.)
2) Spotlight 9 – (Учебник «Английский в фокусе» / Virginia Evans и др.)
3) Grammar and Vocabulary (Pre-intermediate to intermediate / Malcolm Mann; Steve Taylore-Knowles)
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