ecooiome

Journal of

Ecosystems &

Biomes

ISSN : 2367-8194 (Online)

Volume 1, Special issue 1, December 2021

International Conference on Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms

ICMBB2021 Abstracts

Abstracts / Journal ofEcosystems and Biomes (2021) Vol 1. (S]), 1-25

using mass spectrometry (JX - MS). When polyethylene breaks down, the amount of alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, esters and acid increases. All methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Only if the bacterial strain gives good results in all these methods can we be sure that it can biodegrade polyethylene.

A-022

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF NITRILE HYDRATASE FROM BACTERIAL STRAIN RHODOCOCCUS

RUBER - 8/4/1

Usmonov A, Kambaralieva M, Alimova B, Pulatova O, &

Makhsumkhanov A.

*[email protected]

Institute of Microbiology of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The use of nitrile hydratase (NHase) for the production of acrylamide is emerging as a potential industrial route. In this way, many strains of the Rhodococcus genera are used as an important producers' sources so far. Nitrile hydratase was isolated and purified using sonication, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and gel filtration using FPLC column from Rhodococcus ruber - 8/4/1 strain. The enzyme isolation process was a bit tricky due to the presence of multiple layers of glycolipids in bacterium cell wall. The destruction of bacterial cells was carried out by different methods: grinding with liquid nitrogen and glass beads, and ultrasonic processing. Among these, high productivity and enzyme activity were noted by performing 20 min sonication at 2 min intervals in an ice bath. The well sonicated cell suspension was precipitated with 20% to 80% ammonium sulfate at 4 ^o c overnight. Before gel filtration, dialysis was performed to get rid of ammonium sulfate, and the finished lysate was passed through a phosphate buffer gel filtration column pH = 7.5, and fractions were collected (I ml/min). Four fractions were noted and focused enzymatic fractions were detected by adding 15 microliter of acrylonitrile to the bioconversion at 20 ^oc. Selected fractions with enzyme activity were higher gained and ion-exchange chromatography was carried out in DEAEToyopearl 650 M applying NaCl gradient from 0.1 M to 1.0 M. In 0.4 M NaCl fraction increased enzyme activity was observed to compare to other concentrations ofNaCl. At present, our work is going on for the estimation of molecular weight of nitrile hydratase by SDS-PAGE and characterization of kinetic parameters of the enzyme.

A-023

CYANOBACTERIAL SUNSCREENS

*Mishra S, & Sinha R.P.

Laboratory ofPhotobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of

Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,

India

Cyanobacteria are the most primitive group of geologically Gramnegative prokaryotes in the evolution of life on Earth's surface. They played an indispensable role in the creation of a welcoming aerobic environment on our planet. Cyanobacteria attributable to strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation absorption maxima 309 to 362 nm for mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and 386, 300, 252 nm for scytonemin, have received much diligence for their presumed role in sunscreens. The recognition that ultraviolet radiation has detrimental effects on the skin, leading to the commercial success of inorganic and synthetic organic UV filters that can diminish the deleterious effects of exposure to sunlight. In spite of protecting from harmful UV radiation cyanobacterial sunscreens also have moisturizing ability, increases skin's ability to retain water and because of these abilities they are used in natural sunscreen products. Present-day UV filters and moisturizing chemicals have clear advantageous qualities and may also have disadvantageous effects on the skin. To overcome the devastating effects of UV radiation, cyanobacterial sunscreens are considered as natural photo-protectants; an alternative to present-day contrived UV filters.

Keywords: cyanobacteria, sunscreens, mycosporine-like amino acids, scytonemin, biotechnological activity.

A-024

BIOCHAR OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES AS A

SUBSTRATE FOR BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM

¹ *Abdurakhmonov A, ^I AIimov J, ^I Abdusamatov S, ¹ Shukurov, &

²Egamberdieva D.

*[email protected]

" National University of Uzbekistan, faculty ofBiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

2Institute ofLandscape Biogeochemistry,Leibniz Centrefor

Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Miincheberg, Germany

We have 3 different types ofbiochar samples (Chicken manure, wheat straw and municipal waste biochar) in which Bradyrhizobium japonicum was inoculated. Biochar is a carbon-rich substance obtained from the indoor heating of woody plant residues, leaves, manure, sewage sludge and other organic wastes without oxygen. Pyrolysis of organic biomass from 275 ^oc to 1100 ^o c results in changes in C, N, O, S and N. Biochar is a slow-acting fertilizer with a multi-functional group, high surface area and high nutrient content. As an experiment, biofuels were prepared from local household waste in the absence of

oxygen.

l. Biochar made from Chicken manure (450 ^oc)

2.     Biochar made of Wheat straw (400 ^oc)

3.     Biochar from Municipal waste (500 ^oc)

The purpose of this experiment is to create an economically cheap and convenient biopreparation for growing legumes in the saline lands of the Republic and apply them in agriculture. B. japonicum coexists in the roots of legumes, absorbs free nitrogen (N2) from the air, improves plant growth and increases the formation ofnodules in the root system. In the experiment, 10 g of each sample of 3 different biochar was transferred to glass flasks and sterilized in an autoclave. A 3-day culture fluid of B. japonicum was prepared for the prepared biochar and poured into 5 ml and mixed thoroughly using a sterile glass rod.

Samples in tubes for incubation were placed in a thermostat at 28 ^oc. Each week, the mixture is transferred to I g of sterile distilled water under sterile conditions and mixed with water in a test tube. After test tube I, transfer I ml in sequence. From the liquids in tubes 4 6 8, the solid feed prepared by pouring into petri dishes was transferred to a nutrient medium in the amount of 100 gm using a micropipette and spread out with a spatula and inoculated. The petri dishes were closed and placed in a thermostat at 28 ^oc. When observed 2 days later, we saw colonies belonging to the cell B. japonicum (based on atlas and morphological features) when the petri dishes grew slimy, brightly colored colonies and when we prepared a preparation from these colonies and observed them under a microscope. In the experiment, it was observed that B japonicum was also preserved in mixtures inoculated into 3 biochar. In short, biochar itself is used to improve soil structure and increase fertility. Using biochar as a substrate, the effects of bacteria that increase the formation of nodules on the roots of legumes were studied. As a result, the B. japonicum colony was well preserved in the chicken and municipal waste biochar, while in the wheat biochar it was almost non-existent. This experiment was carried

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Abstracts / Journal ofEcosystems and Biomes (2021) Vol I. (S]), 1-25

out on the basis of the Uzbek-Indian joint project UZB-Ind-2021-93 "Novel biochar and rhizobacteria based bioinoculant for sustainable production of healthy food from stressed agro-ecosystems" of the Faculty of Biology of the National University of Uzbekistan.

A-025

ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, STABILITY AND TO INVESTIGATE THE MODE OF ACTION OF NANOENCAPSULATED TERPINEOL OIL.

Kumar A, Gupta V, Singh P, Jha S,& Prakash B.

Department ofBotany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Toxigenic fungal strains are global in nature, which increases their prevalence on food and feedstuffs. With their released mycotoxin, they have the potential to cause significant health problems in people and other animals, such as cancer. Aspergillus flavus is one of the cosmopolitan moulds, causing significant deterioration of food grains and their shelved products. Terpineol's are naturally occurring unsaturated monocyclic mono-terpenoid alcohols and isolated from flowers of narcissus and freesia, in herbs, such as marjoram, oregano, rosemary and lemon peel oil. Its medical application as a Cardiovascular and antihypertensive effects, insecticidal, antimicrobial, Anti-nociceptive activity, antioxidant and anticancer activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of chitosan-cinnamic acid based nanoencapsulated Terpineol against Aspergillusflavus (SB-OI), aflatoxin Bl secretion, mode of action and stability.

Keyword: Mycotoxin, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin BI, chitosan, cinnamic acid.

A-026

MYCOFLORA ANALYSIS AND TOXIN ESTIMATION HERBAL COMMODITIES

Gupta V, Singh P, Kumar A, & Prakash B.

*[email protected]

Department ofBotany, Banaras Hindu University, India

The widespread availability of moulds makes herbal commodities prone to contamination during post-harvest storage. Contamination consists of moulds and associated mycotoxins that are toxic secondary metabolite products of the storage moulds. Amongst all mycotoxins, aflatoxin BI the most common and potent toxic element that is not only strong hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive agent but also a Class I human carcinogenic chemical, recognised by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, to access the level of exposure of feedstuffs to fungal spores and aflatoxin content, mycoflora analysis was carried out of the some common herbal commodities. The results indicate the occurrence of a whole group of storage fungal spectrum viz. Aspergillusflavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus, Fusarium verticillioides etc. Focusing only on the aflatoxin production, different colonies of A. flavus were accessed and their toxin producing was quantified using the highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique.

Keywords: Aflatoxin Bl, Aspergillus flavus, Mycoflora analysis, Agro-food commodities, HPLC.

A-027

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN AGROECOSYSTEMS

Jha S, & Songachan L.

*[email protected]

Banaras Hindu University, India

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widespread, appearing over a broad spectrum of agroclimatic environments. AM fungi establish symbiotic relationships with roots of approximately 80% of the terrestrial plants. It colonises and enter the roots of the plants into the soil that extends the root depletion zone and root system. In addition, AM fungus promotes host plant development by increase intake of nutrients, producing growth promoting substances, increasing drought tolerance, salinity and synergistic interaction with other soil microorganisms. The aim of this article is to highlight the role AM fungi in agriculture and soil-based ecology.

Keywords: - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ecology, agriculture, nutrient intake

A-028

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS           OF L.       KUNKEEII      ON

HYPERGLYCEMIC RATS

^I Zaripova M, ^I Vypova N, ²Amirsaidova D, ²Bekmurodova G, ^I Gayibov U, ²MiraIimova S, & ¹ *Gayibova S.

*[email protected]

^I Institute ofBioorganic Chemistry, Academy ofScience of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ² Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Purpose. Blood sugar level tracking is wide approach as diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Lactobacillales have recently attracted the greatest attention due to their diabetes alleviating effects. Therefore, the current study was designed with an objective to evaluate antidiabetic potential of Lactobacillus kunkeil isolated from Taraxacum kok-saghyz L. in glucose-, adrenaline, alloxan-induced diabetic rat models. Methods. In this study, L.kunkeeil strain was isolated from local Taraxacum kok-saghyz L. (locality Tashkent, Uzbekistan). Blood glucose and MDA levels in glucose-, adrenaline, alloxan-induced diabetic rats under L.kunkeeil pretreatment was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. Results. In the current study blood glucose level was significantly recovered by L.kunkeeil isolated from Taraxacum kok-saghyz L. (locality Tashkent, Uzbekistan) in glucose-, adrenaline- and alloxane-induced diabetic rats in vivo (stating the main purposes and research question). In addition, the strain exhibited in vitro a-amylase inhibiting effect as well as reduced oxidative stress in liver and pancreas of alloxaneinduced diabetic rats. Conclusion. Based on these studies, it is believed that the food supplements of specific lactic acid bacteria strains can be effective preventive strategy against metabolic disorders. However, further long-term studies are needed to validate the specific constituent and mechanisms of L.kunkeeil responsible for reducing hypoglycemia.

Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, dandelion, glycemic control, adrenaline-induced model, alloxane-induced model, malondialdehyde, a-amylase

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