Test 4 (time: 50 minutes) 80 marks

 

Reading

 

Read the text. Then do Exercise A.

Thousands of years ago, healers (another word for ‘doctors’) realized that in order for someone to get well, both their mind and their body had to be treated. The famous ancient physician Hippocrates’ statement, ‘I would rather know the person who has the disease than know the disease the person has,’ shows us how important it was in those days for healers to understand their patients.

 

Early healers did not have the benefits of modern technology (such as stethoscopes, microscopes, X-rays and antibiotics) that we have today, but they understood that if a person felt calm, relaxed and happy, they had a better chance of getting well. That’s one reason why ancient healing centres were located in beautiful places on mountain tops with lots of peace and quiet, fresh air and fantastic views. This way of treating illness (called holistic medicine) lasted until about the 16^th century. At that time, scientific discoveries and improved technology caused doctors to concentrate on healing the body and to forget about healing the mind.

 

In the 1920s, scientists once again became interested in the affect of the mind on the body’s health. Experiments by Walter Cannon showed that when a patient was under stress, his heartbeat increased and other systems in his body also began to work faster. In the 1940s, during World War II, Henry Beecher, who was a doctor taking care of injured soldiers, accidentally made an amazing discovery. Beecher did not have enough medicine to give to soldiers who were in pain, so he gave them injections of salt water without telling them what it really was. The soldiers thought they were getting real pain medication, and about 35% of the soldiers actually felt better because they had believed the injections would help them. Today, doctors admit that stress can cause many common health problems, such as headaches, stomach problems and back pain.

 

There are many things we can do to keep ourselves mentally and physically healthy. First, we should recognize our feelings, both the positive and negative ones, and try to manage things that make us feel stressed. We should talk about our problems to someone we trust – a family member or a friend – and get advice and support from them. It’s also important to focus on the positive things in life – perhaps write them down in a journal so we can go back and look at them when we are feeling sad or unhappy. Last but not least, we should take good care of our body by eating properly, getting enough rest and relaxation, and exercising regularly.

 

A Choose the correct answer. [8 points]

0 According to the text, which is true about ancient healers?

a They only treated their friends.

b They needed to understand how the person who was ill felt.

c They did not know how to treat illnesses.

 

1 What did healers believe was important for people to get well?

a happiness and relaxation

b microscopes and technology

c X-rays and antibiotics

 

2 Why were ancient healing centres located in beautiful places?

a Healers liked to work in a nice environment.

b People in the city did not want to be near people who were ill.

c A pleasant environment helped people to get better.

 

3 When did holistic medicine stop being popular?

a in the 16^th century

b in the 1920s

c in the 1940s

 

4 When did scientists once again look at how the mind affected health?

a in the 16^th century

b in the 1920s

c in the 1940s

 

5 Who was the first to prove a patient’s body was affected by stress?

a Hippocrates

b Walter Cannon

c Henry Beecher

 

6 What did Beecher’s discovery show?

a Salt-water injections can stop pain.

b About one-third of people in pain do not need medication.

c About one-third of people in pain will get better if they believe they have been given medication.

 

7 What do doctors today know about the mind–body relationship?

a The mind can affect the health of the body.

b Nothing can be done about stress.

c People who have problems caused by stress are not really ill. 

 

8 What can we do to keep ourselves healthy?

a never allow ourselves to become stressed

b forget about our problems and they will go away

c try to manage our feelings if we become stressed

 

 

Vocabulary

 

B Complete with these words. [8 points]

saddle, coach, match, pitch, racquet, ring, thermometer, scales, contestants

 

0 She dropped her racquet while she was trying to hit the ball over the net.

1 The nurse used a _________ to check my temperature.

2 She put the _________ on the horse and went riding.

3 Who do you think will win the _________ ?

4 There were five _________ in the competition.

5 The game was stopped when fans started running onto the _________ .

6 Get on the _________ and we’ll see how much you weigh.

7 The boxers were in the _________ , waiting for the fight to start.

8 Our football _________ thinks we can win the game.

 

C Choose the correct answer.  [10 points]

It was one of the last rounds in the basketball 0) ____ and our team was fighting very hard to win. It was the first time we’d had the chance to be the world 1) ____ ! The stadium was filled with 2) ____ and everyone was watching the action on the

3) ____ . Our team was winning – the 4) ____ was 75-50, and we were playing a fantastic game. Suddenly, one of the 5) ____ hit one of our players very hard in the face. Doctors rushed over to help the injured player. They checked his heart with a

6) ____ and gave him first aid. Unfortunately, he had to go to hospital at the

7) ____ break. The referee 8) ____ the guilty player and also gave the other team a

9) ____ , which we quickly turned into two more points. After that, nothing could stop us. We won the game! The streets were crowded with people celebrating the team’s

10) ____ .

 

0 a match  b game  c tournament

1 a opponents  b competitors  c champions

2 a contestants  b spectators  c competitors

3 a pitch  b ring  c court

4 a score  b penalty  c point

5 a opponents  b contestants  c referees

6 a thermometer  b stethoscope  c scale

7 a interval  b half-time  c rest

8 a shouted  b disqualified  c called

9 a score  b point  c foul

10 a victory  b champion  c contest

 

D Complete with the correct preposition. [12 points]

0 The doctor told my dad to go on a diet.

1 People all ____ the world watch the Olympic Games.

2 The police rescued the boy who had fallen ____ the river.

3 You’ll get in shape quickly ____ exercising regularly.

4 The player shouted at the referee ____ a very impolite way.

5 I was concentrating so hard ____ the game that I didn’t hear you come in!

6 The team consists ____ players from all over the world.

 

Grammar

 

E Choose the correct answer. [6 points]

Last year I was so unhealthy that I 0) didn’t need to / couldn’t do simple things like walk to school without getting tired! My doctor said I 1) had to / was able do something to get into shape. He told me that I 2) might / ought to eat healthy foods and exercise regularly. He also said that I 3) should / am able to be patient and not give up. I have to say that the doctor was right. I’ve been working very hard since then, and now I 4) can / might do all kinds of things. I 5) must be / can’t be the happiest kid in my school now – I look and feel great! I think I 6) will be able to / will have to join the school athletics team next year.

 

F Complete with these words. [6 points]

can, could not, might not, must, must not, was able to, didn’t need to

 

0 I’ve been taking tennis lessons, and now I can play very well.

1 In football, you ______________ touch the ball with your hands.

2 Do you want to go to the game? My dad ______________ get an extra ticket.

3 It was so nice of you to bring sweets – you ______________ !

4 Our team ______________ win – they’re not playing very well.

5 My dad ______________ run very fast until he lost weight.

6 Players ______________ do what the coach tells them or they won’t be allowed to play.

 

G Complete the second sentence with a modal verb in the correct form so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use a different modal verb in each sentence. There may be more than one correct answer for some. [10 points]

0 I’m sure that man is David Beckham.

That man must be David Beckham.

1 I wasn’t able to speak English when I was five.

I ______________ English when I was five.

2 It’s possible that it will snow tonight.

It ______________ tonight.

3 It’s impossible for that cat to be Debbie’s – hers is smaller.

That ______________ Debbie’s cat – hers is smaller.

4 I advise you to talk to the coach.

You ______________ to the coach.

5 It wasn’t necessary for you to book tickets for the game.

You ______________ tickets before the game.

 

 

 

 

 

Writing

 

H Write a story (120-150 words) beginning with the sentence ‘It was the most exciting day of my life.’ [20 points]

• Use your imagination to make the story interesting – it doesn’t have to be true.
• Be sure your story has a beginning, a middle and an end.
• Talk about:

-    where and when the story took place

-    other people in the story

-    what happened

-    how you felt