Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
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английский язык
9 кл—11 кл
09.01.2017
Для преподавателей и учащихся предлагается тематическая подборка английских и американских идиом, фразовых глаголов и фразеологических сочетаний, а также их эквивалентов. Имея в своем распоряжении эти эквиваленты, учащиеся смогут более четко понять значения идиоматических выражений, и научится более осознанно их использовать.В простой повседневной речи все чаще используются идиоматические выражения, фразовые глаголы и фразеологические сочетания. Опытные преподаватели давно оценили их важность как средства придания большей вы-разительности, и точности как устному, так и письменному языку. Учащиеся могут выучить грамматику и со временем накопить достаточный словарный запас, но их речь останется скованной и невыразительной без практически работающего знания выражений разговорной английской речи. Полное овладение идиомами любого языка требует многих лет работы и практики, но это не должно служить поводом для того, чтобы оставить изучение идиоматических выражений без должного внимания. Обучение использованию подобных выражений должно стать частью, интегрировано входящей в стандартный процесс обучения грамматике и словарному запасу.
Использование фразеологических выражений и идиом в курсе шко.doc
Использование фразеологических выражений и идиом в курсе школьной программы по английскому языку
В простой повседневной речи все чаще используются идиоматические выражения, фразовые глаголы и фразеологические сочетания. Опытные
преподаватели давно оценили их важность как средства придания большей выразительности, и точности как устному, так и письменному языку.
Учащиеся могут выучить грамматику и со временем накопить достаточный словарный запас, но их речь останется скованной и невыразительной без
практически работающего знания выражений разговорной английской речи. Полное овладение идиомами любого языка требует многих лет работы и
практики, но это не должно служить поводом для того, чтобы оставить изучение идиоматических выражений без должного внимания. Обучение
использованию подобных выражений должно стать частью, интегрировано входящей в стандартный процесс обучения грамматике и словарному
запасу.
Для преподавателей и учащихся предлагается тематическая подборка английских и американских идиом, фразовых глаголов и фразеологических
сочетаний, а также их эквивалентов. Имея в своем распоряжении эти эквиваленты, учащиеся смогут более четко понять значения идиоматических
выражений, и научится более осознанно их использовать.
№ Topic
1
Daytoday
activity
Essential idioms
Phrasal verbs
To put on
To take off
To get on
To get off
To turn on
To turn off
To get up
To find out
To be tired out
To take one’s time
To talk over
To lie down
All day long
To have time off,
to take time off
On time
In time
Equivalents
Examples
To place on oneself
To remove clothes
To enter, board
To leave, descend from
To start, begin
To stop, terminate, extinguish
To arise, to move from a lying
To get information ,discover, learn
Extremely tired
To work or go leisurely, avoid hurrying
To discuss, consider
To recline, to take a lying position
The entire day
To have free time, not to have to work
Exactly at or before an appointed time
Within or sometime before an appointed
time or a deadline
Ann put on her new dress and left the flat.
John is going to take off his cost because it is too warm in this room.
I get on the subway at the same station every day.
At what station do you usually get off the subway?
My sister turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.
Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it?
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
Will you please try to find out for me what time that bus arrives?
He has worked very hard today and is tired out.
There is no hurry. You can take your time doing those exercises.
We talked over his plan to buy a new car but could not come to a
decision
If you are tired, why don’t you lie down for an hour or so?
She shopped all day long for a new dress.
We have time off for a cup of tea every morning.
Did you get to work on time this morning?
We got to the movie just in time to see both pictures. To wake up
To have a good time
To keep house
To go with
Off and on
To stay up
To stay into stay out
To take time off
To awaken
To enjoy oneself, pass a period of time
pleasantly
To do the usual work of running a home
To go out together, to keep company
with
Irregularly, occasionally
To remain up, not to go to bed
To remain at homenot to be at home
To have free time, to arrange to be free
from work
She woke up this morning very early but did not get up until about ten
o’clock.
Ann likes to keep house and has a reputation as an excellent
housekeeper.
Helen went with Richard for about six months, but now she has a new
boy friend
She comes here off and on to see my brother.
I want to stay up tonight and watch the late show
He never stays in a single night. He goes out every night.
He took two days off last week. What would we do in this office if
everyone took time off
To choose, select
To be of equal importance
I want to pick out some new ties to give brother as a present.
Does it make any difference to you whether I wear this dress or that one?
2
Appearance /
Clothes
To pick out
To make no
difference
To try on
Had better
To pay attention
To wear out
To be used to
To get used to
To go with
To find fault with
Up to date
Out of date
To have on
Inside out
No matter
To test, try before buying clothes
It would be better to
To give attention
To become shabby and useless from
wear
To be accustomed to
To become used or adjusted to
To match, harmonize
To criticize
Modern, timely
No longer available, current, or in use
To be wearing
Reverse position
Regardless of
He tried on several suits and finally picked out a blue one.
I think you’d better choose this dress.
He never pays attention to anything his wife wears.
I must buy a new suit. This one is worn out.
He is used to this style and he doesn’t want to change anything.
I can’t seem to get used to wearing glasses
That psychedelic tie doesn’t go with that red shirt at all.
It is very easy to find fault with the work of this designer.
This style of clothing is one of the most modern and uptodate.
She insisted on wearing outofdate styles of clothing
How do you like the dress which Ann has on today?
For some reason he had put his sweater on inside out.
No matter how much money she spends on her clothes, she never looks
well dressed.
That type of dress is not at all becoming to Mary. It makes her look too
tall and thin.
These new shoes are hurting me. I’ll be glad when they are broken in.
To be becoming to
To suit, favor in appearance
To break in
To adjust through usage something To dress up
To put on weight
To show off
To take somebody by
surprise
To make over
To make up
To stand out
To stick upto stick
out
To wear down/away
To get all dolled up
which is new and stiff
To dress completely
To gain weight, become heavier
To display to excess one’s ability or
possessions
To surprise, come as unexpected
Mary is all dress up in her best clothes.
I put on at least ten pounds during my vacation
She wants to go out simply to show off her new clothes.
Her new hair style took me completely by surprise.
To alter and make like new
To apply cosmetics
To be prominent, outstanding
To protrude
She makes over all her old clothes.
Helen uses a lot of makeup.
He is tall, distinguished looking man who stands out in any crowd.
Your hair is sticking up in the back
To reduce gradually through the process
of wear
To dress in one’s best and most
expensive clothes
The heels of her shoes are worn down on one side.
When she gets all dolled up, that housewife looks like a million dollars.
School,
school life
3
To get along
To make friends
To make out
To mix up
By heart
To look into
To call down
To do, succeed, make progress
To win or gain friends
To do, succeed
To confuse
By memory
To investigate, examine carefully
To reprimand, scold
To make clear
To make good
To stand to reason
To explain, clarify
To succeed
To be clear and logical
To play tricks on
To make fun of
To have one’s way
To take up
To take something up
To make someone the victim of a joke
To laugh at
To or obtain what one wishes,
especially against opposition
To study, begin a course
To consult
John is getting along very well in his study of English
Ann is a very shy girl and does not make friends easily.
I didn’t make out very well on my last examination.
Instead of helping me, his explanation only mixed me up.
He knows many passages from Shakespeare by heart.
The teacher promised to look into my test carefully.
Don’t call down her for that mistake. I’m sure that she didn’t make it on
purpose
The teacher made clear my mistake
Ann has always made good in everything she has done
It stands to reason that if he never prepares his lessons, he is not going to
make good progress
They tried to play a trick on the teacher but he was too clever for them.
Don’t make fun on her English. She is doing the best she can.
Ann always wants to have her own way, but this time, for a change, she
is going to do what the teacher says.
What is your brother taking up at the University?
If you want to have a student dance in the school, we will have to take it with
To make the best of
In vain
To bring up
To hand in
To take pains
To get on one’s
nerves
To go in for
To carry out
To drop out
To check on
To crack a book
To count on
To fall in love
To have to do with
To get in touch with
To feel sorry for
To take someone for
To take charge of
To be welloff
To keep in touch
with
To give someone a
ring
To drop someone a
line
To accept a bad situation cheerfully and
to do the best
Useless, without result
To rear, raise from childhood
To submit or deliver something which is
due
To work carefully and conscientiously
To make one nervous
To have an interest or hobby
To accomplish, execute, bring to a
successful end
To leave, withdraw, cease attending
To examine, inspect
To read
up first with the principal.
They have had bad luck, but they always make the best of everything
We tried in vain to teach him English
His mother died when he was young, and his grandmother brought him
up
Every student has to hand in an original composition each week.
That student takes paints with everything that he does.
She talks so much that she gets on my nerves.
What sport do you go in for?
It’s easier to make plans than to carry them out.
Many students have dropped out of our school this year.
They are checking on these tests right now.
Although they say that George never cracks a book, he did manage to
graduate from college.
To depend upon
To begin to love
To have some connection with
To communicate with
To pity, to feel compassion for
To mistake a person for someone else
To assume direction or responsibility
for
To be rich, welltodo
To continue in communication with
Don’t count on Frank to lend you any money because he has none.
John falls in love with every new girl he meets.
What does that new director have to do with me?
I have been trying all morning to get in touch with him.
I feel more sorry for his wife than I do for him.
What do you take me fora fool?
John is going to take charge of all the arrangements for the party.
His parents were once welloff but they lost all their money.
He promised to keep in touch with us while he was traveling.
To telephone
I’ll give you a ring as soon as I get that place.
To write briefly to someone
If you have time, drop me a line now and then while you are abroad.
4. Mutual
relation of
people To meet someone
halfway
To stick someone
To be stuckto get
stuck
To have it in for
To have it out with
To let someone or
something alone
To get even with
To put one’s foot into
it
To get the better of
To have two strikes
against oneself
To play up to
To get rise out of one
To turn one on
To throw someone a
curve
To compromise
Our suppliers are ready to meet us halfway in the matter of price.
To cheat someone
To be cheated, to become cheated
To dislike, hold a grudge
To quarrel with, confront, bring into the
open
To permit to be alone, avoid, stay away
from
To be revenged, retaliate
To make a foolish remark, commit a
social blunder
To win or defeat
To be in a disadvantageous position or
in danger
To flatter
To cause resentment or confusion in
another person
To greatly interest or intrigue a person
To trick or mislead, embarrass
Be careful dealing with him. He’ll stick you at the first opportunity.
If you paid more than three hundred dollars for that old car, you got
stuck.
He expected to lose his job because the boss had it in for him for a long
time.
I have suspected him of lying for a long time, but today we are going to
have it out with him.
Let him alone for a while and he may go home himself.
Jerry once played a mean trick on Ann, and now she wants to get even
with him.
You certainly put your foot into it when you told that that girl was rather
stupid.
Be careful in dealing with him because he’ll try to get the better of you.
A student who has two unexcused absences from the classes has two
strikes against him.
That popular girl plays up to all eligible young men.
You can kid that fellow all night, but you’ll never get a rise out of him.
Pretty girls certainly turn Charlie on.
I threw him a curve by asking after his girlfriend.
5.
Character
traits/
Behaviour of
a man
To make believe
To pretend
To take after
To resemble a parent or close relative
Hard of hearing
To grow out of
To make faces
To live up to
Partially deaf
To outgrow, become too large
To grimace
To reach or maintain a certain high
standard
He made believe that he was sick so that he would not have to go to
school.
Which of your parents do you take after?
Please don’t shout. I’m not hard of hearing.
As a child she used to stutter, but she grew out of it.
Stop making faces at me.
He never lives up to the promises he makes. To stand up for
To back out
To be set to do
something
To have one’s heart
set on
To be cut out forto
be cut out to be
To throw out
To be up to
something
To beat about the
bush
To fool around
To keep one’s head
To lose one’s heard
To go off the deep
end
To have something
going for oneself
To go to town
To let something
slide
To live it up
To loose one’s cool
To get to another
person
To insist upon, to defend
To withdraw, fail to fulfill a promise
To be ready , prepared to do something
If you don’t stand up for your rights, no one else will do it for you.
We were all ready to sign the agreements when Mr. Smith backed out.
We were all set to sign the agreements when Mr. Smith backed out.
To desire greatly
She has her heart set on know English properly.
To be designed for, have talent for
Ann is certainly not cut out to be a teacher.
To dismiss, eject by force
To be planning or plotting something,
scheming
To be indirect in approaching something
To play and joke, spend time foolishly
To remain calm during some emergency
To become very excited, to lose one’s
self control
To do something hastily, rashly,
dangerously
To be successful in some undertaking,
attribute, or field of interest
To do something thoroughly
To neglect some duty
When one of the guests became drunk, they immediately threw him out
of the café.
What are those two boys up to?
Instead of beating about the bush, Ann came straight to the point.
He is capable, but he fools around too much; he jokes with the girls, calls
his friends on telephone, etc.
That housewife kept her head and telephoned the fire department.
Seeing the car coming toward him at such speed, John lost his head.
If reporters ask you for information, give them as much as they are
entitled to, but don’t go off the deep end
With her brains and beauty Alma certainly has something going for her.
Our decorator certainly went to town on those silk curtains.
I should have paid that bill promptly instead of letting it slide.
To live in luxury, spend freely
To get excited, flustered, or angry
To communicate with
Let’s go to Europe for two weeks and live it up.
Although the party of tourists was in danger from a threatened
avalanche, their guide never lost his cool
Ames is a hard man to get to since he is so taciturn and secretive
6
Nature
environment
To dry up
To dry out
To dry completely
To become dry through a gradual loss of
Every summer this stream dries up
We can’t use this wood. It is too green and not dried out To hold off
moisture
To delay
If the rain holds off for a few days more, they can finish the planting
7
Trades /
Business
qualities
To take part
To wait on\upon
To take on
To lay off
To step down
Participate
To serve, attend toin a store or shop
To employ, hire
To dismiss temporarily, generally
because of lack of work
To retire or leave a top position
To ease someone out
To discharge an employee gently
To be one’s bag
To have what it takes
To wade through
To get out from
under
To take the bull by
the horns
To goof off
To do one’s thing
Fringe benefit
To be what one likes and is able to do
To be able to act efficiently and
effectively
To apply oneself diligently to a difficult
and timeconsuming task
To recover financially from heavy
indebtedness or bankruptcy
To resolutely tackle a difficulty, to bold
or determined
To neglect one’s job or duty
To do what one is anxious and
frequently able to do in one’s career
Something valuable that an employee
gets besides wages or salary
Ann was sick and could not take part in the meeting last night
The clerk asked, “have you been waited on yet, sir?”
They are taking on many new workers at that plant
If business continues to be slow, we may have to lay off one or two
people
In a couple of years that high school principal will step down, and his
job will be taken by the viceprincipal.
Because those two companies merged, a number of their respective
officers were eased out
Mary didn’t like social work, but teaching has proved to be her bag.
To be a good administrator you have to have what it takes.
The auditors had to wade though a number of their client’s account
books.
Since he is already bankrupt, how can he possibly get out from under?
He decided to take the bull by the horns and ask his boss for a raise
How do you expect this business to make any money if you keep
goofing off every afternoon?
Only when he is working in the school does Mary believe that he is
doing her thing.
It’s hard to attract employees nowadays without offering them fringe
benefits. 8
Health
To go under the knife
To kick a habit
To wear off
To throw up
To bring someone to
To wash out
To have a surgical operation
To stop or break off a habit
To disappear gradually
To vomit
To revive
To clean out
To come to
To catch cold
To revive, regain consciousness
To become sick with a cold
Ann looks much better since she went under the knife.
Those patients in that hospital are trying to kick the habit of taking drugs
My headache isn’t serious. It will wear off after an hour or so.
John got sick and threw up everything he had eaten.
This medicine will surely bring his to.
After spraying my mouth with antiseptic, the dentist told me to wash it
out.
At first they thought the man was dead but soon he came to.
If you go in the rain, you will surely catch cold. 9
Description
of people
10
People in the
classroom
11
Feelings/
mood
To get over
To get better, worse
To get sick
To feel under the
weather
To an awkward
customer
To be a pain in the
neck
To get on everyone’s
nerves
To be quick off the
mark
To be a slowcoach
To be an oddball
To be over the top
To be round the bend
To be middleofthe
road
Teacher’s pet
To be top of the class
To be a real knowall
To be a bighead
To be a lazybones
To be on cloud nine
To be in high spirits
To keep one’s chin
up
To be as happy as the
day is long
To have a face as
long as a fiddle
To look down in the
dumps
To recover from
To become better, worse
To become sick
To feel unwell
It took me more that a month to get over my cold.
Is your headache getting better or worse?
John got sick last June and has been in bed since then.
John got sick and felt under the weather.
To be difficult person to deal with
He is such an awkward customer
To be difficult, nuisance
She is a pain in the neck. Nobody likes her.
Irritates everybody
He is such an awkward customer and he gets on everyone’s nerves
To be fast
To be slow
To be peculiar, strange
To be very exaggerated in behavior
To absolutely crazy, mad
To be normal, no radical ideas, neither
leftnor rightwing
To be one’s favourite
To be the best
To know much
To be selfconfident
To be idle, inactive
He is very quick off the mark; he always gets things before everybody
else.
Come on! Hurry up! You‘re such a slowcoach!
She is a bit of an oddball, very strange.
He is really over the top.
He is gone round the bend, if you ask me.
My politics are very middleoftheroad.
The teacher likes him very much. He is really the teacher’s pet.
He is really the teacher’s pet because he is the top of the class.
I don’t think he is a real knowall though he is really the teacher’s pet.
People say that he is a bit of bighead.
He is a pain in the neck. Nobody likes him because he is a lazybones.
Extremely pleased / happy
Lively, enjoying things
Happy despite bad things
Mary seems to be on cloud nine these days.
Everyone seemed to be in high spirits.
She seems to be keeping her chin up.
Extremely content
Jo is as happy as the day is long.
Looked very depressed /sad
He had a face as long as a fiddle.
Looked depressed / sad
She certainly looked down in the dumps. To be in a (black)
mood
To be like a bear
with a sore head
Can eat a horse
To feel all in
A bit under the
weather
On top form
To feel as if my head
is going round
To be at death’s door
To be as fit as a
fiddle
To be scared stiff
Frighten the life out
of someone
To shake in one’s
shoes
To be scared out of
the wits
To jump out of one’s
skin
To be in a fix
To be in a tight
corner
To be in a muddle
To take a back seat
To stir things up
To keep one’s cards
close to one’s chest
To take the bull by
the horns
A bad mood / temper
Gerry is in a black mood.
Extremely irritable
Very hungry
Exhausted
Not very well / ill
Martin was like a bear with a sore head.
I could eat a horse now.
I’m feeling all in.
You are looking a bit under the weather.
In good physical condition
Dizzy
She looked, and felt, on top form.
I suddenly felt as if my head was going round
Very sick or ill
Very fit indeed
Very scared
Frightened someone a lot
Trembling with fear
Very scared indeed
To give a big jump
To be in difficulty
To be in a situation that is hard to get
out of
To be confused / mixed up
Not to do anything let others act instead
To do/say things that make the situation
worse
Hold back information
I was almost at death’s door last week.
Old Nora’s as fit as a fiddle.
She was scared stiff
She frightened the life out of him.
We were all shaking in our shoes.
The poor lad was scared out of his wits.
I jumped out of my skin when I heard the bang
The poor lad was in a fix and terribly scared.
I’m afraid I’m in the tight corner now.
I’m sorry, I’m in muddle; could you explain that again?
I think I’ll just take the back seat and let everyone else get on with
sorting matters out.
No, please, don’t say anything: you’ll only stir things up
If I’m not mistaken he is going to keep his card close to his chest.
Act positively to face and attack the
problem
I think we should take bull by the horns and it out. I don’t think it should
be just swept under the carpet.
12
Description
of
problematic
situation To pour oil on
troubled waters
To lay one’s cards on
the table
To do / say things that calm the situation
down
To be very open, state exactly what your
position is
Thank you for pouring oil on troubled waters but I think the situation is
rather difficult.
Let your cards on the table and tell the truth.
To get one’s act
together
To get to the bottom
of things
To get someone to sit
up and take notice
To get a grasp
To be swept under
the carpet
To bury the hatchet
Organize one selves to respond
Find the true explanation for the state of
affairs
To make someone pay attention
To find out / understand
Ignored/deliberately forgotten, without
solving it
To make peace/ to stop fighting each
other
This has to be done by next week; we must get our act together before
it’s too late.
We need a proper investigation to get to the bottom of things.
It’s quite difficult to get people to sit up and take notice.
At last I’ve managed to get him to sit up and take notice; he’s done
nothing at all for us so far.
I’m tying to get a grasp of what’s happening; it’s not easy.
I think we should take bull by the horns and it out. I don’t think it should
be just swept under the carpet.
The government and the unions have buried the hatchet for the time
being.
13
Praise/
criticis
To be head and
shoulders above
To be streets ahead
Can be used of people or things
Used usually of people
Mary is head and shoulders above the rest of the girls.
Overdressed in a showy way
He was dressed up like a dog’s dinner.
To knock spots off
Used of people or things
To be out of this
world
To be dabhand at
To be first rate/top
notch
To be on the ball
To have a way with
To have green
fingers
Dog’s dinner
Outstanding / superb, usually used of
thing
To be good at, usually for manual skills
Knows a lot
To be good at establishing good
relation /motivating somebody
To be good at gardening
When it comes to technology, Japan is street ahead of most other
countries.
When it comes to exam passes, St John’s school usually knocks spots off
the other schools.
That meal was just out of this world.
She’s a dabhand at carpentry, just like her father.
He’s really first rate/topnotch administrator, the very best.
When it comes to grammar, she’s really on the ball.
Bill has a way with foreign students. The other teachers envy him.
Mary really has green fingers; look at those flowers! To be world’s worst
Dog’s breakfast
To butter someone
up
To want jam on it
Noone is worse
A mess/very badly done
To give false praise in order to get
something
To have totally unreasonable
expectations/demands
When it comes to timekeeping, he is the world’s worst.
I’m sorry; this essay of yours is a dog’s breakfast.
I think he’s just trying to butter me up to get this place.
A parise and a company car! You want jam on it, you do!
Середа Т.К.
Учитель английского языка
сш№20 г.Белгород
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
Использование фразеологических выражений, словосочетаний и идиом в курсе английского языка средней школы
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