История и достопримечательности Царского Села

1 2 3 4 5 a Catherine Palace dazzles with its arrogance and splendor. Its azure facades stretch for 300 meters, the northern building is surmounted by five gilded domes of the Palace Church. During the war the building was almost completely destroyed. Now in the palace most of the halls are open. b The Great Hall, or the Bright Gallery, as it was called in the 18th century, is the largest ceremonial room of the Catherine Palace, designed by the architect F.-B. Shot in the years 1752- 1756. This elegant hall with an area of over 800 square meters was intended for official receptions and celebrations, gala dinners, balls and masquerades. c The Amber Room - “The Eighth Wonder of the World” - is a unique and only example of the use of amber as a material for decorating a room. It was created by German masters and donated to Peter I. The Amber Room disappeared during the Great Patriotic War. For many years, experts, authorities and ordinary people have been looking for it.By the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg, the whole world was delighted by the Amber Room which was «renewed” and recreated in 24 years according to the drawings and sketches. d The   Catherine   Park   consists   of   two   parts:   the   regular   Old Garden and the English Landscape Park ..The oldest, regular part of the Catherine Park was created in the first half of the XVIII   century   in   Dutch   style.   It   was   used   for   rest   and entertainment  of the royal family. The English landscape park is associated with spacious lawns, large water surfaces, winding landscape   paths,   picturesque   groups   of   trees,   pavilions, monuments, bridges. e The Catherine Palace is obliged by its birth to the brilliant mistresses, three women- empresses - Catherine I, Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine II, who paid great attention to its construction. In the magnificent halls of the Catherine Palace, all Russian monarchs lived, worked, arranged diplomatic receptions for foreign ambassadors and ceremonial balls and masquerades. spent here not only summer, but also winter time. 6 7 8 9 e On the shore of the Mirror Ponds there is a very elegant park pavilion - the so-called “Upper Bath”. The bath was built in 1777-1779 by architect I.V. Neelov and served until recently as a bath for the people of the Imperial family, who were in the Grand Palace. The Lower Bath pavilion was built in 1778-1779, not far from the Upper Bath, designed by architect I. V. Neelov. The building is located at some distance from the park alleys and is not immediately noticeable to visitors of the park, since it is half hidden behind trees and shrubs.In the XIX century, the pavilion was called Cavalier soap and was intended for the courtiers. The building has a central hall. The building has round windows. Inside the pavilion there are 10 small rooms, which are grouped around a hall located in the center, where a large copper bath was located. f The Catherine Park and the Catherine Palace are an integral part of the Tsarskoye Selo`s imperial residence. In Swedish time (1609–1702), on the territory of the Catherine Park there existed the estate of a Swedish mogul   ­   Sarskaya   manor   (Fin.   Saari   mojs,   Swedes.Sarishoff   [5]   ­ “elevated place”). It was a small manor house consisting of a wooden house, its amenities building   and a modest garden, divided by two perpendicular alleys into four squares. The river Vangazi, which flowed along the bottom of the ravine, was over flooded, due to which a vast pond appeared beyond the dam. For the first time, this settlement was mentioned as part of the Nikolsky Izhora Pogost in the Census Book for Novgorod   Votskaya   Pyatina   in   1501.   On   maps   made   for   Boris Godunov, the estate has the name Saritsa. , then in “Saarskoye Selo”, and finally became Tsarskoye Selo g A grotto on the north bank of the Big Pond was erected by the order of Elizaveta Petrovna by architect F.-B. Rastrelli. The main work on the construction of the pavilion was carried out in the years 1755 -1756, during the empress It consists of three sections: the middle and two side semicircular. According to the project, “only the back wall of the grotto should have been on land. From three sides, the water approached directly to the walls of the Grotto. ”Pavilion was called the Morning Hall, since Catherine II spent the morning hours here, reading and doing things. On warm evenings, she also liked to spend time in the Grotto, listening to the military marches that came from the Hall to the island. h The Hermitage is a park pavilion (one of the so- called Hermitage) in the Baroque style in the Catherine Park in Tsarskoye Selo.. He served for the entertainment meetings of the narrow circle of courtiers. The pavilion was built in 1743–1753 simultaneously with the construction of the Catherine Palace by the architects A. V. Kvasov, S. I. Chevakinsky, the final design belongs to Bartolomeo Rastrelli. It is a two-storey pavilion with four wings on the sides. There is a lift in it to raise the served table. After the feast it was moved down. 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 j One of the first buildings in the landscape part of Yekaterininsky Park was the Pyramid Pavilion. (1770) At that time, Europe had a peculiar fashion for building pyramids in landscape parks, as it is one of the ancient symbols of eternity. , as from the side opposite the entrance, the dogs of Empress Catherine were buried: Tom Anderson, Zemira and Dyushes. k These are two symbols of the great victory over the  Turkish army. The Chesma Column is decorated with  rostras.On the column we can see the eagle (the symbol of  mighty Russia) holding a crescent(the symbol of Turkey)  in its claws. The Pavilion "Turkish bath" ­ architect I.Monigetti, was  built in 1852. Dedicated to the Russo­Turkish War of  1828–1829 it was located on an artificial peninsula on the  Big Pond. In the form of a mosque, with an ornate dome.  Inside, the decoration used trophy bas­reliefs from the  Sultan's bath l The Cameron Gallery is an architectural monument in the Catherine Park. The building was built in the years 1784-1787 under the leadership of Charles Cameron. The gallery was used by Empress Catherine II for walking. Architect Charles Cameron supervised the construction of a gallery located on a hillside, on the border of a regular and landscape part of the Catherine Park. The height of the Cameron Gallery coincides with the Catherine Palace, but due to the fact that it stands on a gentle slope m A girl with a jug (Thrush) - a fountain in the Catherine Park is one of the most famous symbols of our city. Initially, there was a spring in this place. Under Catherine II, the spring was rebuilt. The source of the plot was La Fontaine's fable "The Milkmaid, or the Jug with Milk". The story of the fable - thrush Peretta hurries to the market, planning to buy chickens, and then, after selling them, to breed piglets. After that, selling piglets, buy calves. At this point, she breaks a jug of milk. Sitting down next to a broken pitcher, Peretta regrets her unfulfilled dreams, tries to come up with an explanation of what happened for her husband. 1 5 1 6 n The marble bridge was built in 1774 in the Landscape part of the Catherine Park. The bridge stands above the channel connecting the Big Pond with the Swan Ponds, they are so called today, because they were inhabited by swans, for which seven islands were specially created. The prototype for it was the bridges designed by A. Palladio in the English parks of Stowe and Wilton. They call it marble because columns, pedestals, capitals, balusters are carved out of Ural marble, and the foundations of the bridge are faced with granite. o In the complex of monuments of the Russian-Turkish war, erected in the Catherine Park, an important place belongs to the monumental and spectacular the Ruin Tower/ It is a kind of symbol of victory in the Russian-Turkish war in 1762. Russia's victory over the Turks struck Europe and significantly increased its international prestige. D. Shvidkovsky reports that the Tower Ruin, “which is like a part of ancient ruins buried under the ground with a small Turkish superstructure, is an allegory of the great Greece dormant under Ottoman rule”.