Правила чтения и транскрипция в английском языке

                                     Транскрипция

Гласные (vowels, 12)

краткие	[ʌ]	[ɒ]	[ʊ]	[ɪ]	[e]	[æ]	[ə]
долгие	[ɑ:]	[ɔ:]	[u:]	[i:]				[ɜ:]

Дифтонги (diphthongs, 8)

[eɪ] [aɪ] [ɔɪ]

[aʊ] [oʊ] / [əʊ]

[ɪə] [ʊə] [eə]

 

Гласные + дифтонги (20)

[ʌ]	[ɒ]	[ʊ]	[ɪ]	[e]	[æ]	[ə]
[ɑ:]	[ɔ:]	[u:]	[i:]				[ɜ:]
[aɪ]                               [aʊ]	[ɔɪ] [oʊ] / [əʊ]	[ʊə]	[ɪə]	[eɪ]            [eə]

 

Cогласные звуки (consonants, 24)

Звонкие	[b]   [d]   [g]   [z]   [ʒ]   [dʒ]   [v]   [ð]	Непарные: [m]   [n]   [ŋ] [l]     [r] [w]    [j]
Глухие	[p]   [t]   [k]   [s]    [ʃ]    [tʃ]    [f]    [θ]	[h]

 

The ABC (26 букв)

Aa [eɪ]       Bb [bi:]       Cc [si:]       Dd [di:]      Ee [i:]      Ff [ef]

 

Gg [dʒi:]   Hh [eɪtʃ]      Ii [aɪ]          Jj [dʒeɪ]      Kk [keɪ]    Ll [el]

 

Mm [em]   Nn [en]      Oo [oʊ]       Pp [pi:]      Qq [kju:]   Rr [ɑ:]

 

Ss [es]       Tt [ti:]        Uu [ju:]       Vv [vi:]      Ww  ['dʌbl'ju:]

 

Xx [eks]    Yy [waɪ]     Zz [zed, zi:]

 

Чтение транскрипции

1.      Произнеси слоги и слова с долгим [i:]. Помни, что согласные всегда твердые.

knee        tea   dee     see, sea

 

2.      Произнеси слова с долгим [i:].

            knee – knees – niece

bee   – bead  – beat

knee – need  – neat

see   – seed   – seat

ease – eat     –  meet, meat   

 

3.      Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы долгий звук [i:] отличался от краткого [ɪ].

teen – tin             neat – nit

seen – sin            seat – sit

ease – is              eat  – it

 

4.      Произнеси слова с долгим [ɑ:].

car – calm – cart

far – farm – fast

bar – barge – bark

par – palm – park  

 

5.      Произнеси слова с кратким [ʌ].

cut       run      does      nut  

luck     dust     shut      up

 

6.      Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы долгий звук [ɑ:] отличался от краткого [ʌ].

dark – duck      march – much   

cart  – cut         heart   – hut

 

7.      Произнеси слова с кратким [ɒ].

not      dog    fox      stop

hot      fog     box     spot     

 

8.      Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы краткий звук [ɒ] отличался от долгого [ɔ:] и от дифтонга [əʊ] / [oʊ].

naught – not – note

……... – lot  – load

cord     – cod – code

court    – cot  – coat  

 

9.      Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы краткий звук [ʊ] отличался от долгого [u:].

full – fool      good – goose

pull – pool     shook – shoes

  

10.  Сравни звуки [ɒ] и [ʊ]. Произнося их, мы не вытягиваем губы.

look  – lock        good – god

cook  – cock       book – not

 

11.  Произнеси слоги и слова с кратким [e].

……. – set       Ned – net

dead  – debt     Ted – pet 

12.  Произнеси слова с широким [æ].

Ann – man       add – bad

Ann – pan        at    – cat 

 

13.  Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы [e] отличался от широкого [æ].

en-   – Ann     bed  – bad 

pen  – pan      men  – man

 

14.  Произнеси слова с долгим [ɜ:].

cur – curb – curt       fur    – firm  – first

her – hers – hurt       were – word – worse

15.  Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы [e] отличался от [ɜ:].

bed   – bird        ten  – turn

head – heard     Ben – burn

 

16.  Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы [ɔ:] отличался от [ɜ:].

board – bird      lawn  – learn

form  – firm      horse – her      

 

17.  Сравни и произнеси так, чтобы [ɜ:]  отличался от дифтонга [eə].

fur – fair, fare   were – wear

her – hair          cur   – care

 

18.  Сравни и произнеси правильно межзубные звуки: глухой [θ] и звонкий [ð].

theme    theft     smith    teeth

these      that      with      breathe 

 

19.  Произнеси слова с различными звуками.

eat      it          dark       duck   sport    spot

pool    pull      bird       bed      bad      name

five     house   go          real     sure     their, there

bring   thin      choose   we       yes     nice

Чтение согласных букв

Bb  [b]    Dd  [d]   Ff    [f] Kk  [k]    Ll   [l]    Mm[m]    Nn  [n]    Pp  [p]   Ss [s],[z]   Tt   [t]     Vv  [v]   Zz   [z]	Hh   [h]    qu    [kw]   Rr    [r] Ww [w]	Cc  [s]  перед e/i/y         [k]  перед a/o/u, -cl-, cr-, -ck-, в конце слова     Gg [dʒ] перед e/i/y         [g]  перед a/o/u,  -gl-, -gr-,       в конце слова  Yy [j] в начале слова перед гласной
Jj    [dʒ]  Xx  [ks]

Xx:    six    [sɪks]       fox  [fɒks]     next    [nekst]   text   [tekst]     Max   [mæks]  

qu:    quite [kwaɪt]    quit [kwɪt]     queen [kwi:n]  quiz   [kwɪz]    quick  [kwɪk]

Yy:   yes    [jes]        you  [ju:]       your   [jɔ:]       yard   [jɑ:d]     yellow [ˈjeləʊ]  

Jj:     jet     [dʒet]     jam  [dʒæm]  job     [dʒɒb ] Jill     [dʒɪl]       Jim    [dʒɪm]

Gg:   gest  [dʒest]    age   [eɪdʒ]     gip     [dʒɪp]    gin     [dʒɪn]      gym   [dʒɪm]

          get    [ɡet]        give [ɡɪv]      girl     [ɡɜːl]      gift     [ɡɪft]      begin [bɪˈɡɪn]

Gg:   gas   [gæs]       go    [goʊ]     gun     [gʌn]     dog     [dɒg]      egg    [eg]

Cc:    ice    [aɪs]        cent [sent]     city     [sɪtɪ]      pencil [pensɪl]  cycle  [saɪkl] 

Cc:    cat    [kæt]       cold [koʊld]  cup     [kʌp]    class   [klɑ:s]    clock [klɒk]

Чтение гласных букв в открытом и закрытом слоге

1.                                                             Aa

открытый слог: [eɪ]    plane	закрытый слог: [æ]     plan
age    page  cage    face  place   space name came game  date  gate    late plate  potato mate   take  make   bake   cake   bacon table   whale plane  lady   baby  paper  radio   have	am     tram  jam    as     has      and stand  land  hand bad   dad     sad tram   cat      hat     that    map   clap     cap    happy  lamp stamp can     man  plan    jacket  back  actor   packet parrot    carrot rabbit  apple

2.                                 

at      ate     rat     rate   fate    fat     hat     hate   mate mat    pal    pale  can

cane  mane man   Dan   Dane pane pan    fan     face   mate mat    gap    gape

cape   cap    tap    tape   Sam   same tame tram   dam   dame mad   made bad bade     lade          lad     glad   glade fad    fade   Kate cat    

 

3.                                                         4.

 

 

5.                                                6.                                     7.

Fat Pat had a fat cat.                 Pat’s cat is fat.               My cat is black,        

Pat’s fat cat                              Pat’s black cat                My cat is fat.       

Sat in Pat’s hat.                        Is in Pat’s black hat.       My cat likes rats, 

A cat in a hat.                           Have an apple, Pat!        Rats are grey and fat.

A hat in a hand.                                                                                           

 

8. Ann’s cat is black,               9. My name is Ann,

    Jane’s cat is grey.                     Her name is Jane,

    They often drink milk              His name is Dan.

    And wash every day.              Say it again!     

 

10. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

 

11. Pat keeps two pets –   12. A sailor went to sea           13. Early to bed

     A cat and a rat.                   To see what he could see.       And early to rise,

     Pat likes her pets                And all that he could see         Makes a man healthy,

     And her two pets like Pat.  Was sea, sea, sea…                 Wealthy and wise.

 

14.                   pets                    15.                                             peas                                                             

                  ten pets                                                             sweet peas  

        keeps ten pets                                         with three sweet peas

Pete keeps ten pets.                  Feed the bees with three sweet peas.

 

                     

                 

   

1.                                                           Ee

открытый слог: [i:] Pete	закрытый слог: [e]  pet	букво- сочетание ее [i:] meet	букво- сочетание  еа [i:]   meat	букво- сочетание ead  [ed]
me      he      we      be   Steve  eve     evening Pete   these scene genie metre fever athlete	bell     tell   spell  smell  pet    let      pet      bet    bed   red      Rex  flex    text     next  pen   ten      men  Ken    cent    end    get    nest    best   west   desk   dress  egg   leg      beg   web    shed    cherry   petrol  pepper       wedding	bee     tree    see     fee    green keen  been   teen   seem  meet   feet    steel geese teeth week  keep   deep   seed    need   deed sweet	tea       eat     sea          meat    beat   cheat steal    heal   deal eagle   seal   speak     weak   beak   peak easy  please peace season read    lead     dream cream  steam  leaf    leave   teach  reach   beach peach  cheap  leap     clean  bean    dean    mean  feast   east	head     ahead bread    dead      steady   ready            already  read instead  lead meadow
				heavy heaven health healthy wealth wealthy deaf   pleasant weather leather feather   breakfast sweat sweater    great  break

2. Не путай немую букву   е   в конце слова и букву   е   в открытом слоге:

me – name we – eve      made – decide      tepee – Pete     table, apple, toe, age  

3. Не путай звуки [æ] и [e]:

Pat pet        mat met       bat bet        bad bed       sat set         tan ten       

sand send    land lend     than then     man men     can Ken      rat ret 

pan pen       bag beg       mass mess   sax sex        fan  fen

4. Не путай буквосочетания -ee- и -ea-:             

meet  meat           week weak           feet    feast           heel   heal           fee flea see    sea             teen   team           beet   beat           heed  heat           bee bean 

sea     seaside        seaport        seacoast      seashore      seaman – seamen seasick

bee    pea    see     sea     tree    tea     three  fee     beam been  read   seen   green feel    each          teeth  eat     sleep meat  keep  seat    meet  teach clean speed sheep

5. Не путай чтение слов с -ea-:

Meat head  sea     steal  bread speak dead  deal   easy  read/read    ready please great clean sweat cheap heavy dream teach health break season        weather breakfast leave  already         beach healthy      weak wealth        peace

6. I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream.

7. East or West, home is best.

8. The sky is grey but hearts are great.

9. Two heads are better than one.                                              

 

10.Dennis sees the fleece,            11.Mary Mac's mother's making Mary Mac marry me.
     Dennis sees the fleas.                   My mother's making me marry Mary Mac.
     At least Dennis could sneeze       Will I always be so merry when Mary's taking care of me?
     And feed and freeze the fleas.      Will I always be so merry when I marry Mary Mac?

1.                                                              Ii

открытый слог:  [aɪ]    site	закрытый слог: [ɪ]      sit
I        hi      lie      tie      pie     bike   like    nine   mine  fine    time   kite    five    drive dive   nice    ice     mice price rise    ride    tide    hide   side   size    pipe  stripe mile   life     wife live [lɪv]          give [ɡɪv]	in      pin    win    twin    wind  sin     it        sit     fit      silk    milk    is        his     its      list     twist  mist    ill   till     still     fill     will   brisk risk     disk   Jim     slim  film   fix     mix     clip    trip     skip    did    dig     bridge

2. Не путай чтение Ii в открытом и закрытом слоге:                    

sit      site    bit     bite    kit     kite    win    wine din    dine   pin    pine  

fine    fin     fill     file     ride    rid     hid    hide   bid    bide   grid   bride

mine mint  rip     ripe   slide slid    slim   slime         

3. Не путай буквы Aa и Ii в открытом слоге:

line    lane   pine   pane male mile   kite    Kate   like    lake   pale  

pile    file    fame bake  bike   Mike make tame  time   tile     tale

4. Не путай [i:] и [ɪ]:

lead lid        reach rich    neat knit     steal still      seat sit        beat bit   weak wick  heal hill          eat it            bean bin      been bin      sheep ship   teen tin   feet fit seek sick         cheek chick feel fill        week wick                                                                           

5. Give the pigs six big chips.

6. Sid sees, Sid sees, Sid sees    7. Kitty meets Minnie.    8. -Tell me, little Pete,   

    six trees, six trees, six trees.       Minnie, says Kitty,        What you like to eat? 

    A girl can see                            This is my pinny!           -Well, I like to eat

    Three big grey geese.                 Isn’t it pretty?                What is taste and sweet.                                  9.                                                                         10.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper.          Stop! Look! Listen!

A peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked.        Before you cross the street,     

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper,      Use your eyes,

Where’s the peck of pickled pepper                      Use your ears,

Peter Piper picked?                                              And then use your feet.

1.                                                   Yy

открытый слог: [aɪ] type	закрытый слог: [ɪ] gym	в конце слова     [ɪ]      baby	в начале слова перед гласной: [j]  yes
by      my    fly   try     dry    cry type   cycle   bye    Byron	gym   system lyric  pyramid  gypsy  symbol	city    berry   pity    tasty funny sorry   study angry           hurry  windy hungry  family  July /dʒʊˈlaɪ/	yet  yes   yell  yak you your yard yell    yarn yellow yesterday

2. Сравни чтение Yy и Ii:

by      my     sly     fly     sky    spy    fry     dry     cry     try     shy    why

pie     die     lie      tie      pie

 

Pete bit each bit of meat.

 

1.                                                   Oo

открытый слог: [oʊ]   note	закрытый слог: [ɒ]     not	Исключения:     [ʌ]
go      so      no       nose   close rose     hope   rope   globe   stone tone   note home open  joke	on     of      off     job      god    dog    fog     frog     log     jog     hot    dot       lot     got    not      box      fox    cross pond   lost	some    come     love dove    glove      above    money   honey   son          London  monkey  month   mother   brother other another  colour    front

2. Не оглушай звонкие согласные в конце слов:

God   got     nod    not     dog    dock log     lock   fog    fox

3. Не путай чтение Oo в открытом и закрытом слоге:                        

hop   hope  mop  mope pope pop   not     note   bone Bob   Tom  tome

cod    code  rode   rod    rob    robe   cross rose   dote   dot    hob   hole

4. Это открытый слог:

toe     tiptoe          toes   Joe    go      goes   woe   foe     doe    hoe                                                                

5. Little frog, little frog,  6. Soft white ducks         7. Zog the frog                              

    Hop, hop, hop!              Swim on the top,            Wears long blue socks                             

    Little frog, little frog,      And big green frogs        And eats hot dogs

    Stop, stop, stop!              Go hop, hop, hop!          From an orange box.                                              8. Nose, nose, smell a rose.                     9. Betty Botter bought some butter,               

10. Cob is Dob’s dog,                                    But, she said, the butter’s bitter.

      Tob is Mob’s dog.                                If I put it in my batter,                     

11.                                         slow                It will make my batter bitter.

                                         so slow                But a bit of better butter

                                  go so slow                Is sure to make my batter better.

                           don’t go so slow                So she bought a bit of butter

                    Joe, don’t go so slow               Better than her bitter butter,

             Oh, Joe, don’t go so slow!               And she put it in her batter

12. I’ve got my kite, my kite is white,          And the batter was not bitter.            

      My kite is in the sky.                            So ’twas better Betty Botter
      Fly high, my kite! Fly high, white kite!  Bought a bit of better butter.
      Fly high in the blue sky!                       ‘Cause a bit of better butter
                                                                  Made her bitter batter better.

13. Swan swam over the sea                  

      Swim, swan, swim!

      Swan swam back again.     

      Well swam, swan!                            

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.                                                  Uu

открытый слог:		закрытый слог: [ʌ]    cut	Исключения: [ʊ]
[ju:]    cute	[u:]    rule
use    fuse    muse mute  due    huge mule  pupil   tube cute   student cucumber	rule   true     rude  Bruce blue   flute June   juice	up       cup    drum  plump puppy but     cut      hut     nut      hunt   trust    dust  just      must  hurry  gun   sun      fun     run     under  us        bus     jug     jump   puzzle	put    push    bush pull   bull     full

2. Не оглушай звонкие согласные в конце слов:

cub    cup    bud    but     buzz bus    bug    buck rug    ruck 

3.  Не путай чтение Uu в открытом и закрытом слоге:                           

cub    cube tub     tube   us      use    cute   cut     Rudd rude 

rune   run    just    June  plum plume

4. Не путай Aa и Uu в закрытом слоге:

cat     cut     cup    cap    hat    hut     ban    bun    bug    bag    sum   Sam  ham hum     bat         but    rug     rag    dam   duck  tag     tug     mud  mad   san    sun

run    ran    map   mug   gang  gun    luck   lad     hag    hug    must  mat   man  

5. Не путай краткие гласные звуки в закрытом слоге:                                     

big     bag    beg    bug    bog    beg    hum   him    ham   hem   him    hem

bit      bat     but     bet     bat     bet     den    Dan   din     peg    pig     peg

leg     log     lag     leg     lag     log     ten     tin      tan     red     rid     red                    6. Jack Sprat's pig                                   7. A tutor who tooted a flute,                                                                                 

    He isn’t very little, he isn’t very big,      Tried to teach two young pupils to toot.

    He isn’t very thin, he isn’t very fat,         Said the two to the tutor:

    "But he can grunt,”.                               “Is it harder to toot

    Says little Jack Sprat                              or to tutor two pupils to toot?”

8.  A big black bug bit the big black bear,
     But the big black bear bit the big black bug back!

9. Повтори чтение всех гласных в открытом и закрытом слоге:

bode bade bide   bade bat     bode bad    bide   bad    can    cane   cod    code cut       cute         cape   cone   cane   cope  cave   cap    case   cost   cane   can    cone dame   den    dime          dine   dive   dome dam   duke dive   duck  dote   dot     dike dick     dove dike   duke          dote   date   fine    fin     fate    fat      file     fill     hide hid       hope hole   hop    hate          hat     hole   hot    hale   hat     lake   like    Luke luck    lane   lack   line    list     lone          lane   line    lone   male mule mat    mite mile     mule  mine mane made mad   mule          male man   mine mile   mole not

pal     pale   pop    pope pin     pine   pale   pal     pile    poke pane pile    pink pole    pot         rode   ride    ripe    rope  rate   rave   rove   rate    rite    rode  slide slid      slime slim          slope slop   shine shin   time   tame tone   time   wide win wine     wade wide wade          win    wine mute rid     rove   cove wave rip     rope ripe     rule    shine shin