Chief Editor Dr. A. Singaraj, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. Managing Editor Mrs.M.Josephin Immaculate Ruba EDITORIAL ADVISORS 1. Prof. Dr.Said I.Shalaby, MD,Ph.D. Professor & Vice President Tropical Medicine, Hepatology & Gastroenterology, NRC, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Dr. Mussie T. Tessema, Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Winona State University, MN, United States of America, 3. Dr. Mengsteab Tesfayohannes, Associate Professor, Department of Management, Sigmund Weis School of Business, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PENN, United States of America, 4. Dr. Ahmed Sebihi Associate Professor Islamic Culture and Social Sciences (ICSS), Department of General Education (DGE), Gulf Medical University (GMU), UAE. 5. Dr. Anne Maduka, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria. 6. Dr. D.K. Awasthi, M.SC., Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Chemistry, Sri J.N.P.G. College, Charbagh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India 7. Dr. Tirtharaj Bhoi, M.A, Ph.D, Assistant Professor, School of Social Science, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India. 8. Dr. Pradeep Kumar Choudhury, Assistant Professor, Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, An ICSSR Research Institute, New Delhi- 110070, India. 9. Dr. Gyanendra Awasthi, M.Sc., Ph.D., NET Associate Professor & HOD Department of Biochemistry, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. 10. Dr. C. Satapathy, Director, Amity Humanity Foundation, Amity Business School, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. |
ISSN (Online): 2455-7838 SJIF Impact Factor : 7.001 ISI I.F. Value : 1.241 DOI : 10.36713/epra2016 EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) Monthly Peer Reviewed & Indexed International Online Journal Volume: 5, Issue:5, May 2020 Indexed By:
CC License |
SJIF Impact Factor: 7.001| ISI I.F.Value:1.241| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2016 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online)
Volume: 5 | Issue: 5 | May 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal
S.NO |
TITLE |
AUTHOR/S |
PAGES |
1 |
THE AIR TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN THE IRREGATED AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKISTAN |
G.Kh. Kholbayev G. Khadjaeva |
1-5 |
2 |
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA |
Dorcas Ifeakachuku Ochonogor Prof. B. Chima Onuoha |
6-15 |
3 |
MONITORING AND ANALYSING SECURITY STATE OF IAAS AGAINST CYBER THREATS https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4369 |
Miss Pratiksha Bhagawati |
16-20 |
4 |
ZOOMORHIC SYMBOLS IN SOCIAL LIFE OF MOVAROUNNAKHR |
Turobov Bekpulat Nusratullaevich |
21-23 |
5 |
LOW COST APPLICATION MOTION HAND GESTURE CONTROLLER USING ADAPTABLE SENSORS https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4398 |
Mr. Akshay Kumar Mishra |
24-28 |
6 |
ESTIMATION OF ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE BY RP-HPLC https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4412 |
Dr. Juluri Krishna Dutta Tejaswi |
29-34 |
7 |
A DETAILED EXPLANATION AND SIMULATION OF CONVENTIONAL DROOP CONTROLLER FOR PARALLEL INVERTERS https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4403 |
Khodakhast Nasirian Hadi Taheri |
35-43 |
8 |
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES SPONSORED BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITY: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KANDY MUNICIPAL COUNCIL IN THE CENTRAL PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA |
Ihalagedara Mahesha Pinnawala Mallika |
44-59 |
9 |
CAPITAL MARKET: IT’S EFFICACY ON NIGERIAN INDUSTRIAL GROWTH |
Gbarato, Ledum Moses Cookey, Sunny Chekiri Monday Nwagu, Udochukwu Samuel |
60-73 |
10 |
EFFECTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, PROFITABILITY AND FIRM SIZE TOWARDS EARNING MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4334 |
Dian Primanita Oktasari |
74-83 |
11 |
NEW METHODS IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO STUDENTS OF NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES |
Namozova Dilnoza Berdimurotovna |
84-86 |
12 |
SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN NEW-BORN: A CASE STUDY PORT HARCOURT, |
Tawari Erebi Patricia Koikoibo Wariebi |
87-91 |
|
ENGLISH, UZBEK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES |
|
|
124 |
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY TERMINOLOGY
|
Galiakberova Albina Rinatovna |
584-586 |
125 |
PRESTRESSED LOSSES FROM SHRINKAGE AND NONLINEAR CREEP OF CONCRETE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ROD SYSTEMS |
Mirzaakhmedov Abdukhalim Takhirovich
|
587-593 |
126 |
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE |
Yuldasheva Dilafruz Matmusayeva Mukhayyo Qipchoqova Yorqinoy Mamurova Mushtari |
594-597 |
127 |
TEMPERAMENT AS A FACTOR OF ACTIVITY |
Usmonova Mukhtasar Akbarovna Rasulova Shoira Azizovna |
598-600 |
128 |
PERSONALITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM |
Urinboeva Maftuna Sodikovna Mamayunusova Matluba Ismailovna |
601-603 |
129 |
INTERFERENCE OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE |
Khujanazarova Gulbahor Gofurjonovna |
604-606 |
130 |
DEVELOPING TEACHING SKILLS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
|
Burkhonova Guyokhon Gulomovna |
607-609 |
131 |
ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BELT AROUND INDUSTRIES IN ASSAM USING SELECTIVE TREE AND PLANT SPECIES https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4575 |
Jiban Jyoti Das |
610-613 |
132 |
ENHANCING INTEGRITY AS A POSITIVE VALUE FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA |
Usung Isaac Akpan PhD |
614-618 |
133 |
PATIENT HEALTH MONITORING USING ARDUINO THROUGH IOT https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4554 |
Dr.B.Srikanth P.Divya P.Nandini., Sk.Sabira , T.Bharathi. |
619-633 |
PRESTRESSED LOSSES FROM SHRINKAGE AND
1Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Construction of Buildings and Structures, Faculty of Construction, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana city, Republic of Uzbekistan
2Senior lecturer of the Department of Construction of Buildings and Structures, Faculty of Construction, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana city, Republic of Uzbekistan
The article under discussion presents the algorithm for calculating prestressed reinforced concrete rod systems taking into account prestressing loss from nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete over time. The authors of the article suggested a program which is intended for calculation of prestressed concrete trusses taking into account stiffness of knots, creep and shrinkage of concrete, and also for change of prestressed in time, being under the influence of external loads, using the method of consecutive approximations.
KEY WORDS: pressure, pre-pressure, deformation, creep, shrinkage, armature, connection, stages, losses,
external, size, deformation.
Prestressed reinforced concrete structures have a complex stress state, varying in time from the effects of external loads, the manifestation of inelastic deformations of concrete, relaxation of stresses in steel and other conditions. In this connection, at designing of prestressed designs it is necessary to know the basic reasons, influence on character and size of change of pressure in armature and concrete at various stages of their work.
Precise account of factors influencing the value of losses, as a rule, is a complex and often difficult to solve [1, 2]. In this connection, for practical calculations it is necessary to accept less exact, but simplified methods of preliminary stress losses accounting.
Pre-voltage losses considered in calculations can be divided into the following types: shrinkage of concrete; creep of concrete; relaxation of stresses in reinforcement; deformation of anchors, washers and gaskets; deformation of joints between blocks of composite structures; deformation of forms for the manufacture of structures; friction of reinforcement in the wall of the channel or concrete surface of structures; concrete buckling under the loops of ring (spiral) reinforcement; temperature difference between the stretched reinforcement and the temperature of the devices that take the stress; multiple repeated load; difference between the coefficients of linear elongation of reinforcement and concrete during the operation of the structure in conditions of increased temperature.
The above factors affecting the prestressed losses from shrinkage and creep of concrete, the relaxation of steel stresses are manifested over a long period of time.
In the operational phase, the main shrinkage and creep of concrete acts on the pre-stressed losses. Let us determine the pre-stress losses from concrete creep using the formula [3].
b
n 1e t (1)
s
where:
H
(2) - initial voltage.
b sk
1ns
Taking into account the growth of the elastic deformation modulus of concrete in time, the experimental parameters are determined:
nнs1
nнts
ln 11nнnsнst
(3)
Asp
As
s (4)
A A
As Asp
s
; н
(5)
A A
ns t ; nн t . (6)
EM EM
e 1eb1t (7)
c123 - creep limit characteristic;
c - creep limit characteristic value for average conditions;
1 - correction factor dependent on the humidity of the environment in which the element (construction) is located;
2 1,9260,738lgb - correction factor that takes into account scaling factors (element size); 3 - correction factor depending on the age of the concrete to d the moment the element is loaded;
EMt EMo 1et - the elastic-momentous deformations of concrete;
EMo , - constants that depend on curing conditions and concrete composition [4].
Pre-stressed losses from concrete shrinkage are determined by a formula:
yEM(t)
t
s,y
1e
(8) s
where:
y yc124 - the ultimate relative deformation of shrinkage;
yc - the value of the ultimate relative deformation of shrinkage for average conditions;
yc - the correction factor, depending on the time
from which shrinkage and concrete accounting begins.
Determining the pre-stressed loss from creep and shrinkage in time, we find the value of "compressive force":
Nsp sk n syAsp (9)
The calculated Nsp load is treated as an external load and is applied to the end of the prestressed rods with a reverse sign.
According to the developed algorithms the program is compiled and examples are considered.
The program is intended for calculation of prestressed concrete trusses taking into account stiffness of knots, creep and shrinkage of concrete, and also for change of prestressed in time, being under the influence of external loads, using the method of consecutive approximations. The general structure of the program calculation process is shown in Figure (1).
The results of the considered examples
(calculation of prestressed reinforced concrete trusses taking into account the stiffness of the nodes in the inelastic stage) show that the stresses from shrinkage and creep in most of the elements do not change significantly and only in the lower zones significantly decreases.
On the basis of graphs (Figures 2, 3, 4) the increase of ∆σ at different reinforcement percentages obtained in accordance with Table 1 shows that from the action of constant operating loads the stress in the rods of the truss decreases in time in the upper zone and increases in the lower zone, slant and rack. As the percentage of reinforcement increases, the stress increment - ∆σ changes within the following limits:
a) in the lower zone from 2 to 8%; b) in the upper zone from 0.5 to 3.5%; c) in the struts from 0.2 to 2.4%.
At the same load level, the process of redistribution of effort increases as the percentage of reinforcement increases. This is due to the fact that in the elements of the farm with a high percentage of reinforcement in compressed concrete and, consequently, the non-linearity of deformation increases. Non-linearity of deformation contributes to the redistribution of stresses between the rods of the farm.
Fig.1 General structure of the program calculation process
Fig.2. Stress increase at the increase from the compressed elements
Fig.3. Stress increase at the increase in tension from the stretched elements
Fig.4. Stress increase at increase and consequently in all elements
Farm elements |
Task Setting: t / day |
% армирования |
|
|
||||||
0,2с |
0,5с |
0,5р |
2,5р |
0,5св |
1,5св |
0,5рв |
1,5рв |
|||
Upper zone |
Elastic, nonlinear disequilibri um |
tо=28 tо=28 t=112 |
1,000 0,950 0,947 |
1,000 0,892 0,887 |
1,000 0,954 0,951 |
1,000 0,970 0,964 |
1,000 0,917 0,911 |
1,000 0,706 0,696 |
1,000 1,007 1,006 |
1,000 0,927 0,926 |
Lower zone |
Elastic, nonlinear disequilibri um |
tо=28 tо=28 t=112 |
1,000 1,205 1,214 |
1,000 1,058 1,058 |
1,000 1,135 1,137 |
1,000 1,139 1,151 |
1,000 1,016 1,024 |
1,000 0,666 0,669 |
1,000 1,217 1,223 |
1,000 1,089 1,093 |
Slopes |
Elastic, nonlinear disequilibri um |
tо=28 tо=28 t=112 |
1,000 0,658 0,660 |
1,000 0,418 0,420 |
1,000 0,667 0,670 |
1,000 0,649 0,650 |
1,000 0,409 0,410 |
1,000 0,152 0,152 |
1,000 1,328 1,386 |
1,000 0,493 0,494 |
Note: c, p, s, ditch means that reinforcement percentages change only in compressed, stretched and consequently in all elements of the farm.
1. Bondarenko V.M. (1991) "Some questions of nonlinear theory of concrete creep". Kharkov, Kharkov University. P.p. 56.
2. Bundanov N.A. (1993) "Determination of stress losses in reinforcements of prestressed reinforced concrete structures from the shrinkage and creep of concrete". Moscow: Scientific Journal No 3. P.p.11.
3. Mirzaakhmedov A.T., Mirzaakhmedova U.A. (2019) "Algorithm of calculation of ferroconcrete beams of rectangular cross-section with one-sided compressed shelf". Problems of modern science and education. Scientific and methodical journal. № 12 (145). Part 2. Moscow.
P.p.50 – 56. URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/algoritmrascheta-zhelezobetonnyh-balokpryamougolnogo-secheniya-s-odnostoronneyszhatoy-polkoy
4. Mirzaakhmedov A.T., Mirzaakhmedova U.A., Maksumova S.M. (2019) "Algorithm for calculation of prestressed reinforced concrete farm with account of nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete". Actual science. International scientific journal. № 9 (26).
Moscow. P.p.15-20. URL: https://e64f9e97-223d-
468f-a5fd-
e095d169621a.filesusr.com/ugd/c22b2f_e76d3b6
2ae5b404a8ae4aa16a2cb97e9.pdf
DOI:
DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
1
A teacher of Preschool Education department, Preschool and Primary education faculty, Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Ferghana city
2
A teacher of Preschool Education department, Preschool and Primary education faculty, Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Ferghana city
3
A teacher of Preschool Education department, Preschool and Primary education faculty, Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Ferghana city
4
A teacher of Preschool Education department, Preschool and Primary education faculty, Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Ferghana city
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KEY WORDS: children, preschool age, methods, techniques, speech, activity, tool, writing, speaking, listening, reading, enrich, expand, development, language.
Speech is an integral part of the social being of people, a necessary condition of human society existence. It is estimated that about 70% of the time when a human being is awake, he dedicates to speaking, listening, reading, writing - four main types of speech activity.
Speech is, on the one hand, a tool for expressing our ideas, thoughts and knowledge and, on the other hand, a means to enrich and expand them. To be perfect in all kinds and manifestations of speech means to possess the most powerful instrument of human mental development and, therefore, the culture of mankind. Nothing affects the general development as negatively as language backwardness [1].
Speech in human life performs the following basic functions:
• is a means of cognition, a necessary condition of human cognitive activity (thanks to speech a person acquires knowledge, assimilates and transmits it);
• is a means of influencing the consciousness, developing a worldview, norms of behaviour, formation of tastes (i.e. speech is used to influence people's views and beliefs, incline them to actions, etc.);
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