Данная презентация была создана для урока английского языка в 8 классе по линии УМК " Счастливый Английский. ру " под редакцией авторов учебника - М. Ю. Кауфман и К. И. Кауфман . Тема представленной здесь презентации - Страдательный и действительный залог.
Passive Voice
Пассивный залог (passive voice)
показывает, что лицо или предмет,
выраженное подлежащим,
испытывает действие на себе:
The big cake was baked by Sam.
Пассивный залог употребляется
-когда исполнитель действия
очевиден или несуществен
-когда действие или его результат
более интересны, чем исполнитель.
В
страдательном
залоге
не
употребляются:
1) Непереходные глаголы, т.к. при них нет
прямых дополнений, которые могли бы стать
подлежащими при глаголе в форме Passive.
Переходными в англ. языке называются
глаголы, после которых в действительном залоге
следует прямое дополнение; в русском языке это
дополнение,
вопросы
винительного падежа – кого? что?: to build
строить, to see видеть, to take брать, to open
открывать и т.п.
отвечающее
на
Непереходными
называются
такие глаголы, которые не требуют после себя
live жить, to come
прямого дополнения: to
приходить, to fly летать, cry плакать и др.
глаголами
2) Глаголы-связки: be – быть, become –
становиться/стать.
3) Модальные глаголы.
to like нравиться
to fit годиться, быть
4) Некоторые переходные глаголы не могут
to resemble напоминать, быть
впору
to have иметь
похожим
использоваться в страдательном
залоге. В
to suit годиться, подходить
to lack не хватать,
большинстве случаев это глаголы состояния,
недоставать
такие как:
Пассивный залог в английском языке
употребляется, как правило, с переходными
глаголами, т.е. с глаголами, которые имеют после
себя дополнение:
1) Ряд английских глаголов может иметь два
дополнения – прямое и косвенное. Наиболее
употребительны to tell, to give, to offer, to show, to
pay, to promise, to send, to teach, to allow, to ask, to
answer, to forgive, to invite, to advise. Такие глаголы
образуют двойные конструкции в пассивном
залоге.
A very good job was offered to me.
I was offered a very good job.
2) Многие глаголы в английском языке
употребляются с дополнением, имеющим предлог.
В таких случаях предлог занимает место после
глагола в пассивном залоге.
The doctor was sent for.
This film is much spoken about.
Глаголы to read, to sell, to wash, to clean, to peel, to
crease, to break, to deform, to wear, to burn
употребляются в форме активного залога, хотя и
имеют пассивное значение.
This dress washes and wears well and doesn’t
crease.
Love stories sell well. Dry leaves burn well.
Такие глаголы, как: to have, to chance, to happen,
to seem, to appear, to lack, to become, to fit, to suit,
to resemble не употребляются в пассивном залоге,
так как они обозначают не действие (или
процесс), а состояние лица или предмета.
John resembles his father.
He has become a real professional.
С пассивными конструкциями часто
употребляются предлоги of, from, with, by.
I was interrupted by a loud knock on the door.
My country house is made of wood. This pie is made
from eggs, milk and flour.
He was shot with a gun.
Passive Voice
Active
Active
Voice
Voice
Passive Voice
Voice
Passive
I ask questions.
I am asked questions.
to be + V3 ed
PASSIVE VOICE
Simple
Progressive
Perfect
P.P
Future will +
be +
V3,
V (ed)
Present Am/is/are
V3,
V(ed)
Past Was/were
V3,
V(ed)
Will be +
being+ V3,
V (ed)
will have
been +V3,
V(ed)
Am/is/are +
+being+V3,
V (ed)
was / were
+ being+
V3, V(ed)
Have / has
been + V3,
V (ed)
Had been +
V3, V(ed)
7
Active Passive
• When rewriting active sentences in
passive, the object of the active
sentence becomes the subject of the
passive
A: Somebody cleans this room every
day.
OBJECT
P: This room is cleaned every day.
SUBJECT
A: Someone stole my sister’s bike
yesterday.
• the verb BE has to be in the same tense
as in active sentence
P: My sister’s bike was stolen yesterday.
stole – past simple => BE = was/were
• to show who did the action, we use BY
This house was built by my grandfather.
• to show who did the action, we use
BY
she => her
he => him
This house was built by my
grandfather.
I => me
you => you
we => us
they => them
I opened the door. => The door was
opened by me.
She cleans the room.=> The room is
cleaned by her.
Ann
takes
the medicine
The medicine
is
taken
by Ann.
Translate the verbs in
Passive
1. A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow.
2. When (было написано) this letter?
3. Many places of interest (посещаются) by
tourists.
4. When (была переведена) this article?
5. English (говорят) in many countries of the world.
6. The student (задают) many questions by the
teacher now.
hall.
7. The film (показывали) when we entered the
8. The device (был протестирован) by last month.
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive
Voice). Use Simple Present or Simple Past.
The Statue of Liberty (give) to the United States
by France. It (be) a present on the 100th
anniversary of the United States. The Statue of
Liberty (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It
(complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces,
the statue then (ship) to New York, where it
(arrive) on 17 June 1885.
The pieces (put) together and the opening
ceremony (take) place on 28 October 1886. The
Statue of Liberty (be) 46 m high (93 m including
the base). The statue (represent) the goddess of
liberty. She (hold) a torch in her right hand and a
tablet in her left hand. On the tablet you (see /
can) the date of the Declaration of Independence
(July 4, 1776).
Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) by
many people from all over the world.
ACTIVE or PASSIVE ?
1. The window (break) _________________.
2. Someone (cook) _________ a meal in the kitchen right now.
3. We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police
were asked / will be asked
is broken/ was broken
is cooking
tonight.
was run over
4. My cat (run over) _____________ by the milk van.
5. This homework (must do) ___________ tonight.
6. Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every
are written / were written/ have
must be done
culture .
been written
7. People all over the world (know) ___________ her name.
8. The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the
was being looted/ had already been looted
Know/ knew
police arrived.
9. The guests (serve) ___________ some tea after they had a seat.
10.The students (do) ____________ these exercises before.
were served
have done
Change the following
into Passive
1. They sell milk in this shop.
2. I have translated the whole text.
3. They broke the window last week.
4. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.
5. We shall do the work in the evening.
6. He wrote this book in the 19th century.
7. They were playing tennis from four till five.
8. They have made a number of important experiments
in this laboratory.
9. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th
12. They have forgotten the story.
10. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the
11. They will stage this play at the beginning of next
century.
trees.
season.
Change the following into
Passive.
1. Did they tell her the story?
2. What must we do about this?
3. What questions did they ask?
4. Has anyone changed the curtains
yet?
5. Where did they park the car?
6. Will anyone tell him about the
accident?
7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard
yet?
8. Who is cleaning my room?
Choose the correct answer
1. Hazel won the lottery.
A. The lottery had been won by Hazel.
B. The lottery was won by Hazel.
C. The lottery is won by Hazel.
2. The police interrogated
Bryan.
A. Bryan is interrogated by the police.
B. Bryan was interrogated by the
police.
C. Bryan had been interrogated by the
police.
3. Peter has paid for the pizza.
A. The pizza was paid for by Peter.
B. The pizza has been paid for by Peter.
C. The pizza is paid for by Peter.
4. Joy will meet you at the airport.
A. You will have met Joy at the airport.
B. You would be met by Joy at the
airport.
C. You will be met by Joy at the
airport.
5. People highly respect his opinion.
A. His opinion will be highly respected.
B. His opinion was highly respected.
C. His opinion is highly respected.
6. Amanda upset me by what she
said.
A. I am upset by what he said.
B. I was upset by what Amanda said.
C. I would be upset by what Amanda
said.
7. He is going to inform us later.
A. We would be informed by him later.
B. We are going to be informed by him
later.
C. We were going to be informed by him
later.
8. The police arrested 10 rioters last
night.
A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested
last night.
B. Ten rioters were arrested last night.
C. Ten rioters should have been arrested
last night.
9. The Doctor may visit us next week.
A. We may be visited by the Doctor next
week.
B. We maybe visited by the Doctor next
week.
C. We must be visited by the Doctor next
week.
10. Studying hard could have helped
you.
A. You could have helped by studying
hard.
B. You could have been helped by
studying hard.
C. You could be helped by studying hard.
Write sentences using
Passive – present
1. (the office/clean/ now)
2. (these rooms/clean/every day)
3. (glass/make/from sand)
4. (tickets/sell/already)
5. (this room/not/use/very often)
6. (we/allow/to park/already here)
7. (they/ repaire/ the clock/ now)
8. (she/buy / new skates/ this week)
Write sentences using
the Passive – past
1. (the house/paint/by last month)
2. (three people/injure/in the
accident)
3. (my bicycle/steal/a few days ago)
4. (when/this bridge/build?)
5. (you/invite/to the party/last week?)
6. (how/these windows/break?)
7. (I/not/wake up/by the noise)
8. (the workers/ load/ the trucks/ at
twelve o'clock yesterday)
Two people _____ in a car crash.
1. injured
2. have injured
3. have been injured
New York police _____ the thief.
1. was arrested
2. have arrested
3. have been arrested
Something must _____ by him
before it's too late.
1. do
2. be done
3. have done
The dinner ____ later.
1.will cook
2.will be cooked
3.has been cooked
I think we must ____ everything on
Monday.
1. finish
2. have finished
3. have been finished
This is a large dining room. Many
dinners ____ here.
1. are eaten
2. are being eaten
3. has been eaten
While I was hiking, my
phone ____ from my hotel room.
1. stole
2. has stolen
3. has been stolen
Chess ____ for hundreds of years.
1. have played
2. have been played
3. was played
A well-known architect _____ the
skyscraper.
1. was built
2. built
3. has built
This supermarket ____ in 2014.
1. built
2. was built
3. has built
A mouse ____ by the cat.
1. caught
2. has caught
3. has been caught
A lot of different species of
sharks ____ in the ocean.
1. can find
2. can be found
3. can found
A new school ____ next year.
1. will be built
2. will built
3. is building
A lot of people ____ by the McDonalds
Corporation this week.
1. are employed
2. were employed
3. have been employed
The footballer ____ to his new
coach yesterday.
1. introduced
2. was introduced
3. is introduced
страд и дейст залог.ppt
