Презентация по английскому языку " who was king Arthur?"

WHO WAS KING ARTHUR Выполнила: Федосеева Елена Николаевна Учитель английского языка МБОУ «СОШ№9» город Норильск 2019

There is a question: “Was King Arthur a real person, or is it all a story?” Many people think that there was a real Arthur, , who fought the Saxon invader and won a great battle at Mount Badon in 500 AD

Statue of King Arthur, Hofkirche, Innsbruck , designed by Albrecht Dürer and cast by Peter Vischer the Elder, 1520s.

But around his shadowy human figure, fighting among the mountains of Wales or on the wild cliffs of Cornwall Tingarel, the ruins of Arthur’s castle

has grown up a great collection of romantic stories that run like a brilliant thread through the pattern of English literature from the early Anglo-Saxon and Norman writers, through Chaucer and Malory to Tennison.

King Arthur hunting, French vellum. King Arthur, miniature from Flores Historiarum  by Matthew Paris, c.1250-52.

The Legend of King Arthur, French tapestry. Arthur (top centre) in an illustration to the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, late 14th century

Arthur as one of the  Nine Worthies, bearing the  coat of arms usually attributed to him: three gold crowns on blue.] Tapestry, c. 1385 King Arthur, French tapestry, c.1385

The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has been debated by scholars. One school sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano- British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons in the late 5th to early 6th century. The Historia Brittonum,  Latin historical compilation contains the first datable mention of King Arthur, listing twelve battles that Arthur fought.

These culminate in the Battle of Mons Badonicus, or Mount Badon, where he is said to have single-handedly killed 960 men. A facsimile page of Y Gododdin, one of the most famous early Welsh texts featuring Arthur, c. 1275

The other text that seems to support the case for Arthur's historical existence is the 10th- century Annales Cambriae, which also links Arthur with the Battle of Mount Badon. The Annales date this battle to 516–518, and also mention the Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) were both killed, dated to 537–539 The 10th-century Annales Cambriae, as copied into a manuscript of c. 1100

Some scholars argue that Arthur was originally a fictional hero of folklore—or even a half- forgotten Celtic deity— who became credited with real deeds in the distant past. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish totemic horse- gods Hengest and Horsa, who later became historicised. Hengest and Horsa, from A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence  by Richard Verstegan (1605)

It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts. Neither the Historia nor the Annales call s him "rex": the former calls him instead "duxbellorum" (leader of battles) and "miles" (soldier). Arthur, Dux Bellorum, mosaic.

Geoffrey of Monmouth(1100- 1155) wrote the first life story of Arthur, describing his magic sword Caliburn (later known as Excalibur), his trusted knight Lancelot, Queen Guinevere and the wizard Merlin with his pseudo- historical Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), written in the 1130s Stained glass window in St Mary's Church, containing the image of Geoffrey of Monmouth.

An irresistible blend of myth and fact, the book was supposedly based on a lost Celtic manuscript that only Geoffrey was able to examine. Mordred, Arthur's final foe according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, illustrated by H. J. Ford for Andrew Lang's King Arthur: The Tales of the Round Table, 1902 Merlin the wizard, c. 1300

The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources. These old stories tell us of Arthur’s miraculous coming , of how he became a king and gathered a brave company of knights- the Knights of the Round Table. It had some special meaning that it was round. It was to show that no knight, not even the king himself , was “head of the table”; all were equal and the king was just “first among equals”. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, painting by Michel Gantelet from 1472

You can see the table in the Winchester Castle. The legendary Round Table at Winchester’s Great Hall was constructed in the late 12th century during the reign of Edward I. Winchester Castle the Great Hall of Winchester Castle

Originally it was a standing table with 12 outer legs and a central support. It measures 5.5 metres in diameter, weighs 1200kg and was constructed from English oak.

It has hung on the west wall of the Great Hall, Winchester since 1873, when it was moved from the east wall where it had hung since at least 1540, and possibly since 1348.

The creation was said to be initiated by King Edward because of his interest in Arthurian legend, and for his hosting of a Round Table festival . Portrait in Westminster Abbey, thought to be of Edward I  (17 June 1239–7 July 1307)

This festival was a popular event during the middle ages around Europe imitated King Arthur’s court. These events featured jousting, dancing, and feasting, and in some cases attending knights assumed the identities of Arthur's entourage. Knights of the Round Table

Arthur’s name is so widespread throughout England and the continent because Welsh bards in Norman times and before that, travelled about singing the songs and telling the stories about him. During the 12th century, Arthur's character have been used in other of "Arthurian" side-stories such as   “Tristan and Iseult”.  John William Waterhouse, 1916

In the early 19th century, medievali sm, Romanticism, and the Gothic Revival reawakene d interest to Arthur and the medieval romances. A new code of ethics for 19th-century gentlemen was shaped around the chivalrous idea ls that embodied in the "Arthur of romance"

It is from 1816, when Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur was reprinted for the first time since 1634. Culhwch entering Arthur's Court in the Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen, 1881 An Aubrey Beardsley  illustration for Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, "How Sir Bedivere Cast the Sword Excalibur into the Water" (1894)

That all the latest writers and aspiring poets, for example, William Wordsworth  who wrote "The Egyptian Maid" (1835), an allegory of the Holy Grail. While Merlin paced the Cornish sands, Forth-looking toward the Rocks of Scilly, The pleased Enchanter was aware Of a bright Ship that seemed to hang in air, Yet was she work of mortal hands, And took from men her name- THE WATER LILY. Soft was the wind, that landward blew; And, as the Moon , o’er some dark hill ascendant, Grows from a little edge of light To a full orb, this Pinnace bright. As nearer to the Coast she drew, Appeared more glorious, with spread sail and pendant…….

What is the legend of The Holy Grail and where did it come from?   The Holy Grail is the drinking vessel that was quested by The Knights of The Round Table.   Knights of the Round Table Grail (15th_century) The Round Table experience a vision of the Holy Grail. From a 15th-century French manuscript

The Knight of the Holy Grail, Frederick Judd Waugh.

The word is derived from the old French word grael, which means a dish. Patène de Serpentine It is a sacred dish can be true Grail

The Holy Grail of Christian legend is the vessel given by Christ to his disciples to sup from at the Last Supper. The Last Supper. El Greco

Later, it is said to have been given to his grand- uncle,  St. Joseph of Arimathea, who used to collect Christ's blood and sweat whilst he hung upon the Cross.   St. Joseph of Arimathea . Rogier van der Weyden.

This interest in the "Arthur of romance" and his associated stories continued through the 19th century and into the 20th, and influenced poets such as William Morris and Pre- Raphaelite artists including Edward Burne-Jones. Edward Coley Burne Jones – The Beguiling of Merlin

The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon (begun 1881), detail, by Edward Burne- Jones ,greatl y influenced by Le Morte d'Arthur throughout his career.

Though Arthur may not have been a real person, his mythic power would only grow stronger as the centuries passed. English rulers from Henry VIII to Queen Victoria have appropriated the Arthur legend for political purposes, while countless writers, painters, photographers, filmmakers and other artists have produced their own versions for posterity.

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