Данный материал является исследовательским проектом,выполненным старшеклассником. Он раскрывает историю возникновения такого современного явления, как граффити, его развитие,жанры и стили.Описывается ситуация с граффити в нашем городе.Проект исследует вопрос является ли данное явление искусством или обычным актом вандализма и порчи окружающей среды. В проекте приводится опрос среди учащихся.
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
State budget general educational institution
Republic engineering boarding school
Project work
“Graffitiart or vandalism”
Made by Abdukarimov Alisher, pupil of 11 B grade
Teacher: Kamilyanova E. R
Ufa, 2018Contents
Project work passport
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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8.
Introduction…………………………………………………………………...............3
History of Graffiti……………………………………………………………………..4
Types and styles ………………………………………..……………………………..5
Art or Vandalism……………………………………………………………………....7
The survey ...........................………………………………………………………….8
Conclusion ....................……………………………………………………………….9
Internet sources ..........………………………………………………………………...10
Enclosure №1 Questions for survey “Graffitiart or vandalism.” ……………………11
Project work passport
Project name
“Graffitiart or vandalism.”
Academic year
2018
Educational
institution
State budget general educational institution
Republic engineering boarding school
Grade
11 b
Subject
English
Author Abdukarimov Alisher
Kamilyanova Elena Razifovna
Teacher
Aims and
problems
Learn the history and developing of graffiti;
Explore the different types of graffiti;
Find out the teens’ attitude to this kind of modern art;
Make up a pppt.
Type
Result
practiceoriented, shortterm
p.p.presentation
preparatory stage(выбор темы)
Work stages
main stage (оформление творческого
проекта)
2018
final stage(защита проекта)
Programmes
Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Office Word
Short
description
work
This project work introduces an interesting and controversial
problem in the art spheregraffiti. It describes the history and the
uptodate situation. And comes to a certain conclusion in
defining the meaning of this phenomenon.
The aim of the project work: learn and sum up information about graffiti, exploring the
pictures of graffiti and teenagers’ relation to them.
.
Projectproblems:
Learn the history and developing of graffiti;
Explore the different types of graffiti;
Find out the teens’ attitude to this kind of modern art;
Suppose:not all pictures and words on the fences and walls are the objects of art.
Graffiti is writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other
surface in a public place. An usual artist uses paper and canvas for his work, but graffiti artists
use for their works walls. We can see graffiti on the walls, in the yards, near the railway. It can
be nice and really decorate the surrounding view. Some people admire the work of the so called
artist, but the others think that it was vandalism and makes the world look bad. But it cannot be
denied that graffiti is notable fact.
Love or hate it graffiti is part of the everyday urban world. It's a fact that Banksy and other
wellknown street artists, who are now household names, have busted the whole urban art scene
wide open, brought it forefront into the public's attention and it seems the room to sit on the
fence with an opinion as to whether it is an artform or vandalism just got a whole lot narrower.
Graffiti however, still to this day remains an illegal art and the city authorities across the
globe spend millions every year cleaning it up. Some would question, what exactly is the point
of spending time and taking the risk to do an act which will be removed within a few days?
Others will argue rules make a boring city, no character or selfexpression. Nowadays some
people consider that even the simplest thing such as photographing anomalous objects stacked
on top of each other constitutes as being an acceptable artform. While graffiti art in the
appreciative eye, simply uses the urban environment as a creative canvas to showcase an
innovative talent. So is graffiti, art or vandalism?1.
History of Graffiti
Graffiti appeared long ago. The word “Graffiti” came from the Italian word «graffiato»
("scratched").
The earliest forms of graffiti date back to 30,000 BC in the form of prehistoric cave paintings and
pictographs using tools such as Animal bones and pigments. Historic forms of graffiti have helped
gain understanding into the lifestyles and languages of past cultures. These illustrations were often
placed in ceremonial and sacred locations inside of the caves. The images drawn on the walls
showed scenes of animal wildlife and hunting expeditions in most circumstances. This form of
graffiti is subject to disagreement considering it is likely that members of prehistoric society
endorsed the creation of these illustrations.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, a form of protoArabic, is from graffiti:
inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of
southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC
to the fourth century AD.
The first known example of "modern style" graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of
Ephesus. The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also
survive in Egypt.
It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in
Guatemala also contains ancient examples.
Viking graffiti survive in Rome and in Ireland. There are also examples of graffiti occurring in
American history, such as Signature Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
The history of modern graffiti is also very interesting. Writing on walls all started when cavemen
drew on walls and boulders, but graffiti had not begun appearing on the subway cars and buses in
New York and Chicago until the 1970's. Most of the time graffiti was associated with inner city
gang's mainly in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles in the 1970's.
In New York City the trend of "tagging", or writing one's name, on subway cars is most often
credited to Taki 183, a seventeen year old from 183rd Street in the Washington Heights
neighborhood of Manhattan, whose job as a messenger required him to travel on the trains
everyday. Taki began writing his name all over the trains and stations of the transit system, and it
wasn't too long before people started to notice. On July 21, 1971, the New York Times ran an
article entitled "Taki 183 Spawns Pen Pals," and it made a folk hero out of young Taki.
Of course, the New York Times wasn't the only one who noticed. All over New York, more and
more kids became enamored of the idea of their name traveling across the city every day and being
seen by thousands upon thousands of commuters.
The first notice about graffiti in Russia appeared in 1985, when there were the first “Brakedance”
festivals. Their posters had pictures of graffiti, and soon this art became popular. Although graffiti
historically was never completely welcome in Russia, as graffiti artists were often part of Russia's
underground movement, modern trends have made the practice more mainstream and accepted.
Moscow's Dream Energy graffiti festival "encourages Russia’s graffiti artists to come out and let
their creativity go wild, painting the gray walls of Moscow’s ubiquitous power stations".
"Grammatika", a graffiti show that took place in Russia from March 12 to March 18, 2012, featured
work from twelve Russian graffiti writers. Founded by Berlin graffiti writer Akim, "Sign Your
Style" is a graffiti festival, held in Moscow on May 7, and on May 13 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
In the preview video, Petro, a judge for the competition part of the festival, shows in how he
expects writers participating to "simply go off and get creative", by freestyling some futurist
outlines, doing a blind folded oneliner piece, and a throwing up some handstyle alphabets. The
purpose of this Russian festival is to expand the originality and unique subtleties in Russian graffiti
style.
Types and styles
Types of graffiti
1) Tagging. One can safely say that this kind is the beginning of the graffiti history. But nowadays
it is regarded only as its addition. Tag is a writer’s signature, his nickname written in one colour. It
is an integral part of graffiti, put to all works. Some of the most common styles of graffiti have
their own names. A "tag" is the most basic writing of an artist's name, it is simply a handstyle. A
graffiti writer's tag is his or her personalized signature. Tagging is often the example given when
opponents of graffiti refer to any acts of handstyle graffiti writing (it is by far the most common