Таблица модальных глаголов

Modal 

Verbs.

Past

Present

Future

Must

должен;

обязан.

Не употребляется, заменяем на had to… (смотри ниже)

 1) You must do it.

 2) I must not go there.

3) Must we follow his advice?

1) I must get up at six a.m. tomorrow.

2) He must not come here in two days.

3) Must I be there next week?

Have to…

вынужден в силу обстоятельств.

1) I had to take part in a conference.

2) She didn’t have to consult the specialists.

3)  Did you have to help them?

1) He has to study much.

2) Do you have to visit the doctor?

3) They don’t have to buy the books.

1) I will have to keep it under my control.

2) We won’t have to go there by bus.

3) Will you have to stay there for a long time?

Can

- могу, умею.

1) I could run fast when I was young.

2) Sue couldn’t play the piano two years ago.

3) Could you read when you was five?

1) I can speak English.

2) I can’t play baseball.

3) Can Nick translate from Russian into English?

Не употребляется, заменяем на will be able to…

(смотри ниже).

To be able to - быть в состоянии сделать что-либо…

1) She was able to settle her affairs.

2) We were not able to

meet them, we didn’t feel well.

3) Were you able to call me?

1) I am able to do the task without your help.

2) He is not able to stay here for a long time, he needs some sleeping.

3) You are not able to walk so far.

1) I will be able to come in time.

2) My brother won’t be able to take part in the competition.

3) Will you be able to clean the flat?

May

 можно, разрешается,

 может быть

Might используется только в косвенной речи.

He said she might come in.

В прямой речи употребляем was/were allowed to…

(смотри ниже).

1) You may take my book (разрешаю…).

Julia may be at the garden now (может быть…).

2) You may not use her notes.

3) May I help you?

«May» в будущем времени употребляется только как «может быть».

She may come back (Она, может быть, вернется).

«Б «Будет можно», «будет

разрешено» передается как will be allowed … (смотри ниже).

to be allowed to…

позволено

1)  He was allowed to stay at Garret's.

2)  Nick was not allowed  to buy a computer by himself.

3) Were you allowed to use the dictionary at your last exam?

1) Helen is allowed to take parent’s car.

2) Bob is not allowed to play computer games.

3) Are you allowed to use this phone?

1)  My sister will be allowed to travel next year.

2) I will not be allowed to go to a sport camp.

3) Will you be allowed to stay with us at the weekends?

Need

нуждаться

 в чем-либо,

иметь необходимость…

Употребляется как обычный глагол.

1) I needed his advise.

2) We didn’t need any help.

3) Did you need money?

Употребляется как обычный глагол и как модальный.

(как обычный)

1)  I need to be careful.

2) I don’t need her care.

3)  Do you need my notes?

(как модальный)

1) I need say the truth.

2) John needn’t hurry.

3) Need you get there?

Употребляется как обычный глагол.

1) I will need this magazine.

2) Alice will not need a computer there.

3) Will you need their experience?

Should

- следует.

Употребляется с перфектным инфинитивом (have + V3), обозначает, что действие не состоялось, либо состоялось нежелательное действие.

1) You should have visited your friend. Тебе следовало бы навестить друга (но ты этого не сделал).

2) He should not have left the house. Тебе не следовало уходить из дома (но ты ушел).

3) Should I have talked to him?

1) You should go in for sport.

2) He should not wear dark clothes.

3) Should I speak to my boss?

Употребляется также как и в настоящем времени, но добавляются обстоятельства времени.

1) You should go to the hospital tomorrow.

2) She should not book tickets for our next trip.

3) Should I come to school on winter holidays?

Ought to…

- должен;

(моральная обязан-ность)

Не употребляется. Заменяем на had to …

(смотри выше).

1) We ought to be polite and tolerant with old people.

2) You ought not to behave like this.

3) Ought they to inform the police about it?

1) He ought to do more exercises next month.

2)  You ought not to remain indifferent.

3) Ought I to tell to the director about Bob’s fault?

to be to do something

- должен что-то сделать из заранее намеченного плана, по договорен-ности.

1) I was to be at the meeting at 7 p.m.

2) She was not to come here yesterday.

3) Were you to phone them last night?

1) We are to explain our colleagues how to operate this equipment.

2) Our counterparts are to meet us at their office.

3) Is he to be at dentist today?

Не употребляется в будущем времени,

заменяем на will have to или на must

(смотри выше).