В данной работе представлена информация о праздниках и традициях Великобритании. Здесь представлены основные праздники и традиции Великобритании. Данная разработка может быть использована учителями при подготовке уроков с использованием страноведческого материала в старших и младших классах, а также в качестве дополнительной информации для проведения факультативов.
ТРАДИЦИИ.doc
I. Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In
Britain traditions play a very important role in the life of the people mostly because
the British people are conservative. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and
keep them up. I am going to present some of the most popular British traditions.
II. The most popular holiday in Great Britain is Christmas. It is
celebrated on the 25th of December. The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of
December. Traditionally it is the day when people decorate their trees. People buy
presents, send each other card.
Children hang Christmas stockings on the beds or near the fireplaces.
They believe that Father Christmas comes to them and put presents in to the
stockings.
An older tradition is Christmas mistletoe. People put a piece of this green
plant with its white berries over the door. Mistletoe brings good luck in to the
families. Also, at Christmas British people kiss their friends and family under the
mistletoe.
Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually met for the big dinner of
turkey and Christmas pudding.
The 26th of December is Boxing Day. People visit each other and give
each other presents.
III. New Year’s Day is less popular festival in Britain than Christmas.
But in Scotland, Hogmanay is the biggest festival of the year. The most common
type of celebration is a New Year party. The favorite song at New Year’s Eve is
“Auld Lang Syne”. It was written by Robert Burns.
There is a funny tradition connected with the New Year: the First Foot.
This is the first visitor to enter the house on the New Year’s morning. He is a
person of great importance. The First Foot must be a darkhaired man. This man
must let the New Year into the house and bring good luck in to the family.
Traditionally, the first visitor must carry money, a piece of bread and a piece of
coal. These things symbolize warm, wealth and food.
IY. On the 14th of February the British people celebrate Saint Valentines
Day. It is a funny festival especially for young people. A “valentine” may mean a
special person who receives the gifts or a little card with a little poem which
people send to their sweetheaters. A person who receives a valentine must guess
the name of the senders. This is the day to send little gifts: flowers, candies,
chocolate. Valentine’s gifts are often packed in red heatshaped boxes.
Y. April the first is April Fools Day. Nobody is certain where this
tradition comes from, but it is believed to have started when the calendar changed
to start in January and not in April. Those people who didn’t know the new system and still thought that April the first was the first day of the year were called
“fools”. Newspapers always print April fool’s stories to fool the readers.
People like to play tricks on each other. In Scotland young people were
sent for hen’s teeth or bird’s milk and everyone laughed when they could not find
such things. Children often tell a grownup that his sock is torn or he had
something black on his face. Some people like to telephone to the zoo on that day
and ask for Mr. Fish, Miss Fox or Mr. Cat. All these jokes are very old but still
make people laugh. In some places tricks are played only in the morning on April
the first. If anyone tries to fool someone later that day, or the next, he is met with
these words: “April Fool is past, and you are the biggest fool at last.”
YI. Pancake Day is the popular name for Shrove Tuesday, the day
proceeding the first day of Lent in Britain. One of the main events of the modern
feasting at Olney in Buckinghamshire is the Pancake Race. In the competitions
take part the housewives of Olney or the nearby Warrington. They must wear
aprons and cover their heads with a hat or a scarf. The distance to be run is from
the village square to the church, about four hundred and fifteen yards. The women
gather in the square each carrying a fryingpan with pancake in it. The pancakes
must be tossed three times during the race. At the church the Vicar waits to greet
women and to award the winner a prayer book as a prize.
YII. Easter comes on Sunday between March and April. Before Easter
students have spring vacation. Easter marks the end of winter and the beginning of
spring. At Easter people buy new clothes to wear on Easter Sunday. There is a
popular belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck in the
year. After church service many people like to walk down the streets in their new
clothes. This colorful procession is called the “Easter Parade”.
Another custom is decorating eggs for children. Eggs are hidden in the
yards or gardens and the children must find them. Little children belief, that The
Easter Bunny comes and leaves the eggs for them.
Eggs are the symbol of the new life. An ld English custom is to roll
hardboiled eggs down the hill. The last egg to break brings good luck one who has
rolled it.
YII. May Day.
The celebration of May Day probably began with the spring festival in
India and Egypt. In England of the Middle Ages the most popular custom on May
Day was the May pole. On the village green a pole was set up with long colored
ribbons on the top. The children, each holding an end of the ribbon,, danced round
the pole.
Now the largest May Queen Festival is held on the Common at Hayes,
near Bromley, Kent. Thousand of people from many parts of the world come to
watch how London’s May Queen is crowned. About 40 May Queens from different parts of the country take part in the festival. Their dresses are beautiful
made. It is a colorful sight.
YIII. Robin Hood Dances. In a little village in Staffordshire a very old
dance is performed in September every year. Six men in Robin Hood costumes
carry deer’s horns set in wooden deer’s heads. Near them are other characters:
Maid Marian, a knight riding a wooden horse, a boy in the traditional costume of a
jester, another boy with a bow and many musicians.
The dance begins at 9 a.m. near the church. The dancers go through the
wood and visit many farms where they dance. In the afternoon they return through
the village and dance in the street. The dance ends at midnight in the marketplace
with many people taking part in it.
IX. Halloween. Halloween, October 31st is the witches night of the year.
It is the eve festival of All Hallows, better known as All Saints. In the evening of
October 31 boys and girls “dress up” in different old clothes, as witches, ghosts,
wear masks over their faces. They carry baskets and bags. They go from house to
house and knock at the door. When people come to the door children say, “Trick or
treat!” meaning “give us treat or we’ll play a trick on you”. People give the
children sweets, cookies and apples.
A favorite Halloween custom is to make a Jackolantern. The children
scrape the pumpkin and cut the eyes, nose and mouth. They light a candle in the
pumpkin to scare their friends. They set jackolantern in the windows.
At the Halloween parties children play traditional games. Many games
date back to the harvest festival of very ancient times. One popular is called
bobbing for apples. One child at a time has to get an apple from a tub of water
without using hands. They do it by sinking thei faces in to the water and biting the
apple.
Another game is pinthetailonthedonkey. One child is blind folded
and spun slowly so that he or she will become dizzy. Then the children must find a
paper donkey hanging on the wall and try to pin a tail on the back.
And no Halloween party is complete without at least one scare story. It
helps to create an air mystery.
X. Now I want to tell some words about the Queen’s traditions. There are
numerous royal traditions in Britain, some are ancient, and others are modern. It
seems strange but the Queen has two birthdays. The Queen’s actual birthday is
celebrated on April 21st. The official birthday is observed on the second Saturday
in June. This day is famous for a ceremony called Trooping the Color. This is the
beautiful parade of the Queen’s soldiers. In front of the parade they carry the
regiment’s flag or color, in other words, they troop the color. There is a very special royal tradition. On the river Thames there are
hundred of swans. Traditionally, a number of these beautiful white birds belong to
the Queen. In July, when the young swans are about two months the Queen’s
swankeeper goes up the river Thames in a boat from London Bridge to Henley to
mark the royal ones. This unusual custom is called sawnupping.
One of the most impressive ceremonies is «Changing the Guard”,
which takes place in Buckingham Palace every day at 11.30. The uniform of the
guards is extremely colored red tunics, blue trousers and bearskin caps. So
soldiers stand on front of the palace. One group leaves and another arrives.
Another formal display is the “Ceremony of the key”. It takes place every
night at 9.53 p.m. The Chief Warder of the Tower of London lights the candle
lantern and carrying the keys makes his way with the Escort to the gates of the
Tower and locks them.
Every year, there is a new Lord Mayor of London. The Mayor is the city
traditional leader. And the second Saturday in November is the day for the Lord
Mayor’s Show. This ceremony is over six hundred years old. It is also London’s
biggest parade.
The Lord Mayor drives to the Royal Courts of Justice in a coach. The
Coach is two hundred years old. It is red and gold and it has six horses. This is a
big parade and people make special costumes and act stories from London’s
history.
XI. And now about the British homes.
Many British people love old houses, and these are often more expensive
than modern ones. They also love gardening, and you will see gardening
everywhere you go, in towns, villages and out in the country. Some are very small,
with just one tree and a few flowers. Others are large, with plenty of flowers and
fruit trees. The British people like to say:” My home is my castle”. In English
homes the fireplaces has always been the centre of the interest in the room. People
are fond of sitting round the fire. Fireplaces are often decorated with woodwork.
Above the fire there is a shelf on which there is a big beautiful clock and
sometimes photographs.
XII. British Tea. This drink British people like more than all others.
Today the people in Britain drink more tea than any other nation in the world. The
British first heard of tea at the end of the 16th century. Today the British tea market
has tea from India, Sri Lanka, Africa and China. There are two kinds of tea in
Britain: afternoon tea and high tea. Afternoon tea takes place between/ 30 and 5
p.m. High tea is eaten between 5.30and 6.30 p.m. High tea is sometimes called
supper.
At 11 p.m. lot of people stop working and have a cup of tea or coffee with slices of
bread and butter or cakes. This meal is called elevenses.British people like to drink
white tea or tea with milk. The British people joke:” The taste of good tea is simple. If the spoon stands up in it, then it is strong enough; if the spoon starts to
wobble, it is a feeble makeshift”.
МОУ Павловская СОШ №2 Воронежской области
The British Customs and Traditions
Выполнила: ученица ПСОШ №2
Салимова Анжелика Рустамовна
Руководитель: учитель английского языка ПСОШ №2
Форкина Оксана Николаевна Павловск 2007 г.
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
Традиции и праздники Великобритании
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