Времена группы PAST
Past Simple – Простое прошедшее время
|
Утвердительная форма N + Ved/2 |
Отрицательная форма N + did not (didn’t) + V |
Вопросительная форма Did + N + V? |
|
I/you/he/she/it/we/they played. |
I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn’t play. |
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they play? |
Past Simple для правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления -ed.
Past Simple неправильных глаголов образуется путем изменения формы этих глаголов (см. список неправильных глаголов).
Употребляется, когда речь идет о:
Ø действиях, произошедших в прошлом. – He met his pen-friend at the airport yesterday.
Ø повторяющихся действиях в прошлом. - They often visited their granny at the weekends.
Ø последовательных действиях в прошлом. – He opened his workbook, took his pen and started doing his homework.
Ø законченных действиях в прошлом, не связанных с настоящим, с указанием точного или предполагаемого времени. – We translated a lot of texts from English into Russian last month.
Указатели времени Past Simple:
o yesterday
o yesterday morning/evening / etc.
o last night/week / etc.
o two weeks ago /a month ago / etc.
o in 2010 / etc.
Past Continuous – Прошедшее продолженное время
|
Утвердительная форма N + was / were + Ving |
Отрицательная форма N + was not / were not + Ving |
Вопросительная форма Was / were + N + Ving? |
|
I/he/she/it was playing We/you/they were playing |
I/he/she/it was not (wasn’t) playing We/you/they were not (weren’t) playing |
Was I/he/she/it playing? Were we/you/they playing? |
Употребляется для описания действия в процессе развития в прошлом, когда речь идет о:
Ø действии, которое происходило в определенное время в прошлом. – At this time yesterday she was working in the garden.
Ø действии, которое происходило в прошлом и было прервано другим действием. Past Continuous употребляется для действия в развитии / процессе (длительное действие), a Past Simple – для описания действия, которое прервало его (краткое действие). - When I came into the classroom, all the pupils were writing a test.
Ø двух или более одновременных действиях в прошлом (обычно выполняемых разными людьми). – While the teacher was explaining a new rule, pupils were writing it down in their copybooks.
Ø о фоновой ситуации в рассказах и повествованиях. – The wind was blowing and dark clouds were gathering in the sky. Paul was standing … etc.
Указатели времени Past Continuous:
o while
o when
o as
o all day/night/morning/ yesterday etc.
Past Perfect – Прошедшее совершенное время
|
Утвердительная форма N + had + Ved/3 |
Отрицательная форма N + had not (hadn’t) + Ved/3 |
Вопросительная форма Had + N + Ved/3? |
|
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had played |
I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn’t played |
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played? |
Past Perfect употребляется, когда речь идет о:
Ø действии, которое предшествовало другому действию в прошлом. – When he got to the station, his train had already left.
Ø действии, которое завершилось в прошлом, при описании его результата. – Jim had won the competition and he was very happy.
Указатели времени:
o before
o after
o already
o just
o till/until
o when
o by
o by the time
o never
o for
o since
Past Perfect Continuous – Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время
|
Утвердительная форма N + had + been + Ving |
Отрицательная форма N + had not (hadn’t) + been + Ving |
Вопросительная форма Had + N + been + Ving? |
|
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had been playing |
I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn’t been playing |
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been playing? |
Употребляется, когда:
Ø подчеркивается длительность действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом перед другим действием в прошлом, обычно с since или for, how long. – She had been walking for 20 minutes before she got to the nearest bus stop.
Ø обозначает действие, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом, и косвенные результаты (побочное действие) которого очевидны в настоящем времени. – She was exhausted because she had been working in the garden since morning.
Указатели времени:
o before
o for
o since
o till/until
o how long
Сравните следующие предложения:
|
Past Simple |
Past Continuous |
Past Perfect |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
He listened to music an hour ago.
|
At 7 pm he was listening to music. (В 7 вечера он слушал музыку.) |
He had listened to music before going out. (Перед тем, как выйти, он послушал музыку.) |
He had been listening to music for 20 minutes before he went out. (Он слушал музыку в течение 20 минут, прежде чем выйти.) |
|
They went for a walk in the evening. |
They were walking in the park at this time yesterday. |
They had walked in the park before going to bed. |
They had been walking in the park for 40 minutes. |
Литература:
1) Starlight 8 – (Учебник «Звездный английский» / Virginia Evans и др.)
2) Spotlight 9 – (Учебник «Английский в фокусе» / Virginia Evans и др.)
3) Grammar and Vocabulary (Pre-intermediate to intermediate / Malcolm Mann; Steve Taylore-Knowles)
Скачано с www.znanio.ru
Времена группы PAST Past
The wind was blow ing and dark clouds were gather ing in the sky
She had been walk ing for 20 minutes before she got to the nearest bus stop
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С вами с 2009 года.
