03HaKOMn•reAbHaS1
v Oxford Read and Discover co
Oxford Read and Discover
Wonders
Of the Past
Kathryn Harper
Read and discover all about wonders of the past, all around the world .
• Where is Chichen ltza?
• What is the Taj Mahal?
Read and discover more about the world! This series of non-fiction readers provides interesting and educational content, with activities and project work.
Series Editor: Hazel Geatches
Audio CD Pack available
Word count for this reader: 1,724
Level 3 Level 5 600 headwords 900 headword % -Wondérs-
Level 4 Level 6
750 headwords 1,050
Cover photograph: Photolibrary (Easter Island statue/Geoff Renner/Robert
OXFORD CEF OX FORD
ISBN It' UNIVERSITY PRESS
www.oup.com/elt
03HaKOMn•reAbHaq -
Oxford Read and Discover
Wonders
Of the Past
Kathryn Harper
Contents Introduction 3
1 Stonehenge 4
2 Tutankhamun's Treasures 6
3 The Great Wall of China 8
4 The Colosseum 10
5 Petra 12
6 Easter Island Statues 14
7 Chichen ltza 16
8 Angkor Wat 18
9 The Alhambra 20
10 The Taj Mahal 22
Activities 24
Projects 44
Picture Dictionary 46
About Read and Discover 48
OXFORD
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OXFORD and OXFORD ENGLISH are registered trade marks of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
@ Oxford University Press 2010
The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
First published 2010
2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
109876 543
No unauthorized photocopying
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only. Oxford University
Press disclaims any responsibility for the content
ISBN: 978 0 19 464441 9
An Audio CD Pack containing this book and a CD is also available
ISBN: 978 0 19 464481 5
The CD has a choice ofAmerican and British English recordings of the complete text.
An accompanying Activity Book is also available
ISBN: 978 0 19 464451 8
Printed in China
This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources
Introductfflon
What is a wonder? It's something amazing.
When we see it we ask, 'How is this
possible?' Nature makes many wonders. People make wonders, too!
What is a wonder of the past? It's something amazing that people made a long time ago.
What are these wonders of the past? Where are they?
What wonders are there in your country?
cove
Now read and discover more about some wonders of the past!
cove
The biggest sarsen stone weighs about 45 metric tons. That's like ten elephants!
The sarsen stones are even bigger and heavier. About 4,000 years ago, people transported them from 30 kilometers away.
|
SŒ@nebenge |
|
The Stonehenge stone circles are in England. People transported the first stones to this place about 5,000 years ago. We don't know a lot about Stonehenge. Who built it? How did they build it? Why did they build it? It's a mystery. People built Stonehenge with bluestones and sarsen stones. There were about 80 bluestones. They came from mountains 250 kilometers away. They are very heavy |
How did people use Stonehenge? Maybe they used it as a cemetery or a place for studying the sun and the stars. Maybe it was also a temple. It's still a special place for some people today. Every year, on June 21 st, lots of people go to Stonehenge to celebrate the longest day of the year.
Celebrating the Longest Day
some weigh about 4 metric tons.
24—25
Tutankhamun was a king in Egypt more than 3,300 years ago. He died when he was only 19 years old. When he died, people put a gold mask over his face. They put his body in a coffin made of gold. Then they put the coffin into two bigger coffins. They put all three coffins in a tomb with food and many treasures. The Egyptians thought that the king needed these things after he died.
Tutankhamun's Mask
Inside Tutankhamun's Tomb
Tutankhamun's tomb was in the Valley of the Kings. No one discovered it for a long, long time. Then a British archaeologist called Howard Carter discovered it in 1922. When he broke through the door, he was amazed. There were gold statues, boats, jewels, toys, masks, and even a gold bed! There were about 3,500 treasures. For ten years, Carter took the treasures from the tomb, and wrote about them.
Tutankhamun became one of the most famous kings in the world. Today, many of his wonderful treasures are in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo in Egypt.
26—27
frenglish.ru
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------ 2,400 years ago |
1,500 years ago |
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2,200 years ago |
— 800 years ago |
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— 2,000 years ago |
— 500 years ago |
Different Walls in China
 |
Prisoners, soldiers, and other people built the wall. They transported the stones
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tower |
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bricks by and dangerous. About three million people |
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About 2,400 years ago, there were many |
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died building the wall. Later, more than |
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small countries in China. There were often |
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one million soldiers guarded the wall, but |
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wars. People didn't want enemies in their |
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it was hard to stop the enemies. People also |
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country, so they built big walls to keep them |
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used the wall as a road. Today, tourists like |
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out. For more than 2,000 years, people built |
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to walk along the wall. |
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walls, destroyed walls, and built new walls. |
COVe |
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The Great Wall of China is really many walls. |
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For many years, people |
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thought that you could see |
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Together they are about 7,000 kilometers |
the Great Wall of China from |
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long. The walls are about 7 meters high. |
the moon, but this is not true! |
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and hand. This work was hard
There are also many taller towers.
28—29
fren lish.ru
The Coloøeum
Where did Ancient Romans go for fun?
They went to the Colosseum in Rome. They watched fights in this big and beautiful stadium. The fights were with gladiators and wild animals like lions, crocodiles, rhinos, and even elephants. The Colosseum wasn't fun for everyone. About 500,000 people and one million wild animals died there.
About 2,000 years ago, Rome was a very important city. The Colosseum was the most fantastic building in the city. It was big enough for more than 50,000 people. roof The Colosseum had many arches. There were about 80 big arches to let people in and out. There was also a cloth roof to protect people from sun and rain.
A Model of the
Colosseum in the Past
arch
10
Ãhe Colosseum Today in Rome, Italy
Later, two earthquakes destroyed some of the Colosseum. Then people took stones from the Colosseum to build many other buildings in Rome.
So the building that we can see today gives only an idea of how beautiful it was in the past. Thousands of tourists visit the Colosseum every year. There are music concerts here, too.
30—31 11
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Cliffs
About 2,000 years ago, people in the Middle East bought and sold cloth and spices in many countries. They often traveled across land in large groups called caravans. They used camels to transport people and things.
One of the places where the caravans stopped was Petra. Petra is a fantastic city in the desert in Jordan. People built the city in the pink cliffs. The caravans stopped in Petra because itþad water and places to sleep, and it was safe from enemies.
cove
Some of the caravans were 7 kilometers long and they had 2,500 camels!
12
At different times, people from different places lived in Petra. They made wonderful temples, a theater, a palace, and tombs in the pink cliffs. Later, earthquakes destroyed a lot of Petra. Today, many tourists visit this amazing place. People also make movies here, for example, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.
The Treasury at Petra
32—33
Easter Island is in the Pacific Ocean, far from anywhere. The island is famous for its 887 stone statues. They have big heads and little bodies.
Why are the statues here? There is a story that 1,700 years ago, people were lost on the ocean. They arrived at this beautiful island. There were lots of plants and animals, so they stayed.
These people made the big statues for their gods. They made the statues with stone from the middle of the island. Then, up to 250 people transported the statues across the island to the coast, where they stand today.
14
frenglish.ru
After a few hundred years, there were too many people for this small island. They cut down many of the trees. This was bad for the ground, and bad for other plants and animals, too. Soon there wasn't much food. People started to fight and they pushed over many of the statues.
Today, people come to see the statues and learn about Easter Island.
The biggest statue is called Paro. It's now on the ground. It's about 10 meters long.
34—35
frenglish.ru
The Mayan people liked many activities. They played ball games in a courtyard that is bigger than a soccer field. The courtyard has walls that are .12 meters high! Sometimes they played games for many days. They also loved art, music, and dance.
Temple of Today, people still like to watch Mayan
Kukulkan
dancers, listen to Mayan music, and look at Mayan art when they visit Chichen Itza.
A Mayan Dancer
 |
About 1,600 years ago, the Mayan people in Mexico started to build a new city. They built it around water from under the ground, so they called the city Chichen Itza. The name means 'the mouth of the well'.
Water was very important in this dry place. The first people in Chichen Itza built many temples for their rain god Chaac. Later, the city grew bigger and richer. Then people built fantastic pyramids and temples for their god Kukulkan. The most famous pyramid is the Temple of Kukulkan.
16 36—37 17
03HaKOMn•reAbHaS1
Wee
Angkor Wat is a temple in the city of Angkor. It's in the middle of the rainforest in Cambodia. About 800 years ago, this beautiful stone temple was built for King Suryavarman Il. About 50,000 people built the temple, and it took more than 37 years. They built it to look like the mountain where their gods lived. There are some beautiful stone decorations on the walls.
18
When people built Angkor Wat, they put water around the buildings. This was to protect themselves from enemies and wild animals from the rainforest. Today, big trees grow into some of the buildings and monkeys run around them.
About one million people lived in Angkor when it was an important city. Later, there were wars and other people came. Then Angkor wasn't so rich or important. People said that it disappeared, but that wasn't true. Today, there are many visitors, and they think
Angkor Wat is amazing.
38—39 19
0 The
The Alhambra is in the mountains in the south of Spain. It's one of the most beautiful buildings in the world, Alhambra means 'red castle', but the Alhambra also looks gray at night, and gold when it's sunny. The Alhambra is beautiful inside and outside. It has fantastic courtyards with fountains and gardens. Like many castles, it has towers and high walls. There are also wonderful tiles and decorations.
There are some amazing tile patterns at the Alhambra. People still copy them today.
The Moorish people in Spain started to build the Alhambra about 800 years ago. It took a long time to build. Many different kings from different places lived there, and they built more buildings. They used the Alhambra as a castle and a city. Wars and an earthquake destroyed some of the Alhambra. The French Emperor, Napoleon, tried to destroy it, but he couldn't. In 1828, Spanish people started to build the broken parts again.
Many people wrote stories and songs about the Alhambra. Today, it's the most popular place in Spain for tourists.
A Courtyard in the Alhambra
40—41
03HaK0Mn•reAbHaq
The Taj Mahal is in India. It looks like a palace, but it's a tomb. It's one of the most beautiful tombs in the world. There are gardens and fountains around the building.
The tomb is made of 28 types of stone and jewel from all over India and other countries. Most of the tomb is made of a beautiful white stone called marble. About 20,000 people built the Taj Mahal, and it took 22 years. More than 1,000 elephants helped to move the stones for the building.
The Taj Mahal was built about 400 years ago. The Emperor Shah Jahan built it for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. She died when she had her 14th baby. Shah Jahan was very sad, so he built the Taj Mahal to remember his wife. Later, Shah Jahan's son wanted to be the emperor, so he put his father into prison. When Shah Jahan died, people put his body in the Taj Mahal, so that he was with his wife forever.
Which of all these wonders of the past do you want to visit?
42—43
Stonehenge 3 Write the numbers.
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pages 4—5. |
5;cco 4,000 80 250 |
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1 |
People transported the first stones to Stonehenge |
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Write the words. |
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about 6.000 years ago. |
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mountain stone circle sun stars |
2 |
The biggest sarsen stone weighs |
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3 |
The bluestones came from kilometers away. |
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2 |
Write the words. study cemetery mystery year kilometer metric ton |
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Thn came from mountains 250
kilometers ava¶. 2 How did people use Stonehenge?
3 When is the longest day at Stonehenge? |
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tells us 'how far' |
kilometer |
|
1 sun
4
There were about bluestones.
2
5
People transported the
sarsen stones about
3
years ago.
4
4
Answer the questions.
5
 |
 |
||||
 |
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1 Where did the bluestones come from?
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2 tells us 'how heavy' |
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3 tells us 'how much time' |
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5 What do you think of Stonehenge? Color the stars and write. |
4 where we put people after they die
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5 what we do when we want to learn something
6
something that we
don't know 
24 
25
2 Tutankhamun's Treasures
4.
Read pages 6—7.
1
Find and write the
words.
1
3
2
Answer the questions.
1 Who was Tutankhamun?
2 Where did Tutankhamun
live?
3 How old was Tutankhamun when he died?
26
03HaK0Mn•reAbHaq
The Great Wall of China 3
pages 8—9.
1
Find and write the
words.
Oátòrtovvererb
1
2
6
4
3
7
4
2 Match the opposites.
1 friendslow
5
2 buildenemies
3
high short
4 long destroy
5 live die
28
The Colosseum
pages 10—11.
1
Write the words.
crocodile elephant gladiator lion arch rhino
 |
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 |
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 |
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1 2 3
4 5 6
2
Complete the sentences.
roof stadium animals city Romans arches
1 The built
fantastic buildings.
2
The Colosseum was a big
3
Gladiators and fought
in the Colosseum.
4 People went into the Colosseum through
5 The Colosseum had a cloth
6 Rome was a very important
30
Petra
pages 12—13.
1 Match. Then write sentences.
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built in the cliffs. |
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to transport people |
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The palaces and tombs are |
and things. |
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it had water and places |
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People carried cloth |
to sleep. |
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and spices |
you can still see some |
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a lot of Petra, but |
to sell in different places. |
1 The caravans stopped at Petra because
it had water 
and places to sleep.
2
3
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 |
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 |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
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4
Complete the puzzle.
1
3
4
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3 What do you think of Petra? Color the stars and write.
pages 14—15.
1 Complete the words.
1 
2 c a 3 d
4 5 r u d 6 o s
2 Complete the chart.
|
They grow: |
Things that we do: |
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|
people push over plants fight 
animals cut down transport trees
Answer the questions.
1
 |
 |
Where is Easter Island?
2 What is special about Easter Island?
4 What was on Easter Island when they arrived?
5 What did the people make?
4 Draw and write about your own statue.
This is my statue. (t has
5 What do you think of the Easter Island statues? Color the stars and write.
|
Interesting |
Beautiful |
Important |
3435
03HaK0Mn•reAbHaq Konnq
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1 The Mayan people built a fantastic city. in the past |
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2 People look at Mayan art. |
pages
16—17.
Chichen
Itza Write today or in the past.
1 Write the words. 3
People played ball games in a courtyard.
4The Mayan people had a rain god. 
ground games dance well dry pyramid 
5Many people like to watch 
1 we get water from this
Mayan dancers.
2 we walk on this
3 when there is no water 4 Answer the questions.
4 like a triangle 1
When did people start to build Chichen Itza?
5 football and
basketball, for example
6 when we move to music 2
Who was Chaac?
2 Complete the sentences.
3 What is the most famous pyramid? 
well pyramids god dance water
games
1 Chichen ltza means 'the
mouth of the4 What did they do in the courtyard?
2 It was very dry. There was very
little
3 For the Mayan people, Kukulkan was
an important
5 What do you think of Chichen ltza? Color the
4 The Mayan people built
fantastic stars and write.
|
Interesting |
Beautiful |
Important |
5 The Mayan people played
ball in a
courtyard.
6 The Mayan people liked art, music,
and
36
8 Angkor Wat Number the sentences in order.
It became rich and powerful. About one million
Read pages 18—19. people lived there.
The king wanted a new temple.
1 Write the words.
People visit it.
enemies rainforest rain monkeys
People built the temple.
rich mountain city trees
There were wars.
1 a place where lots of people live
4 Imagine you are in Angkor Wat. Write about
2 where there are lots of trees
what you can see.
3 water from the sky
buildings rainforest water trees
4 people who don't like you
monkeys beautiful decorations
5 tall plants 1 You are in the temple looking out.
6 animals from the rainforest I can see the water and
7 when we have lots of money You are in the rainforest in front of Angkor Wat.
2
8 a high place
2 Write true or false. 3 You are in front of a temple wall.
1 Angkor Wat is on a mountain.
2 They used stone to build Angkor Wat. 5 What do you think of Angkor Wat? Color the
3 Angkor was an important city in the past. stars and write.
|
Interesting |
Beautiful |
Important |
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5 There were wars at Angkor. 6 Angkor disappeared. |
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38 |
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39 |
4 There was an earthquake at Angkor.
Match.
1
watercastle
pages 20—21.
1 Write the words.
fountain tourist
garden tiles wall tower
1 2 3
4 5 6
2 Circle the odd one out. 
1 palace tree castle
2 ground fountain water
3 plant beautiful amazing 
4 red old gold 
5 king prisoner emperor 
6 build make story
2 towerfountain
3 plants
walls
4 tiles Alhambra 
5 decorations garden
4 Answer the questions.
1 Where is the Alhambra?
2 What is the Alhambra?
3 When did people start to build the Alhambra?
4 Where are the fountains in the Alhambra?
5 What destroyed the Alhambra?
5 What do you think of the Alhambra? Color the stars and write.
|
Interesting |
Beautiful |
Important |
41
03HaK0Mn•reAbHaq 10 The Taj Mahal
Read pages 22—23.
1 Complete the chart.
wife tomb Shah Jahan son fountain jewels emperor stones Mumtaz Mahal garden father palace baby prison
|
People |
Things |
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|
2 Write the numbers in order.
Shah Jahan died.
Shah Jahan wanted to remember his wife.
People put Shah Jàhan's body in the Taj Mahal.
Shah Jahan's son wanted to be the emperor.
Mumtaz Mahal died.
Shah Jahan went to prison.
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.
42
Answer the questions.
1 Who was Shah Jahan?
2 How many people built the Taj Mahal?
3 What type of animal helped to build the Taj Mahal?
4 What can you do at the Taj Mahal? Write c/ or X.
1 Take photos. 2 Look at the fountains.
3 Walk around the gardens. 4 See the monkeys in the rainforest.
5 See the statues with the big heads.
6 See the amazing building.
7 Count the sarsen stones.
8 Visit the tomb.
5 What do you think of the Taj Mahal? Color the stars and write.
|
Interesting |
Beautiful |
Important |
43
Sect
A Wonders QuizA Wonder in
1 Do the quiz. Circle the correct answers. My Country
|
1 This place has stone circles. Stonehenge |
6 |
Many of these were made of gold. |
1 |
Think of a wonder of the past in your country. |
|
The Alhambra |
|
The Alhambra |
2 |
Write notes and complete the diagram. |
Chichen ltza Tutankhamun's
Treasures
2 In this place, there are Stonehenge statues with big heads. 7 This has many jewels in it.
Petra The Taj Mahal
Angkor Wat The Great Wall of China Easter Island Stonehenge
3 
 |
|||
 |
|||
Long camel
caravans 8 This has beautiful courtyards stopped at this place. and gardens. 
The Great Wall of China Easter Island
Petra The Alhambra
Angkor Wat Stonehenge
4 People also used this 9 This has temples for a god. place as a road. The Great Wall of China Chichen ltza The Alhambra
The Taj Mahal Chichen ltza
The Great Wall of China
10 It's in a rainforest.
5 People watched fights here. Angkor Wat
Stonehenge
Stonehenge
The Colosseum The Great Wall of China Angkor Wat
2 Now write your own wonders quiz.
3 Ask a friend to do your quiz.
Picture Dictionary archaeologist bricks city cloth
coast coffin cut down decorations destroy
die earthquake emperor food fountain
gladiator gold ground island jewel
46
king million ocean palace prisoner
rainforest road soldier spices stadium
statue stones temple theater tiles
tomb treasure war well wife
47
Oxford Read and Discover
Series Editor: Hazel Geatches • CLIL Adviser: John Clegg
Oxford Read and Discover graded readers are at four levels, from 3 to 6, suitable for students from age 8 and older. They cover many topics within three subject areas, and can support English across the curriculum, or Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL).
Available for each reader:
• Audio CD Pack (book & audio CD)
• Activity Book
For Teacher's Notes & CLIL Guidance go to www.oup.com/elt/teacher/readanddiscover
Subject
|
Area |
The World of Science |
The Natural |
The World of Arts |
|
Level |
& Technology |
World |
Social Studies |
|
|
How We Make Products |
Amazing Minibeasts |
Festivals Around |
|
|
Sound and Music |
Animals in the Air |
the World |
|
600 |
Super Structures |
• Life in Rainforests |
Free Time Around the World |
|
headwords |
Your Five Senses |
Wonderful Water |
|
|
|
• All About Plants |
All About Desert Life |
• Animals in Art |
|
|
• How to Stay Healthy |
All About Ocean Life |
• Wonders of the Past |
|
750 |
Machines Then and Now |
• Animals at Night |
|
|
headwords |
• Why We Recycle |
Incredible Earth |
|
|
|
Materials to Products |
All About Islands |
Homes Around |
|
|
Medicine Then and Now |
Animal Life Cycles |
the World |
|
900 |
• Transportation Then |
• Exploring Our World |
• Our World in Art |
|
headwords |
and Now Wild Weather |
•Creat Migrations |
|
|
|
• Cells and Microbes |
• All About Space |
Helping Around |
|
|
• Clothes Then and Now |
• Caring for Our Planet |
the World |
|
1,050 |
• Incredible Energy |
• Earth Then and Now |
• Food Around the World |
|
headwords |
• Your Amazing Body |
• Wonderful Ecosystems |
|
For younger students, Dolphin Readers Levels Starter, 1, and 2 are available.
48
HaKOMn•reAbHaS1 v Oxford
Cover photograph: Photolibrary (Easter
The Great Wall of China 8 2
The Taj Mahal 22 Activities 24
Picture Dictionary 46 About
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great
What are these wonders of the past?
S Œ@ n eben ge
The Stonehenge stone circles are in
The Egyptians thought that the king needed these things after he died
Dif ferent Walls in China
There are also many taller towers
About 2,000 years ago, people in the
They have big heads and little bodies
The Mayan people liked many activities
Kukulkan. The most famous pyramid is the
HaKOMn•reAbHaS1 Wee Angkor
The Alhambra is in the mountains in the south of
HaK0Mn•reAbHaq The Taj Mahal is in
Mumtaz Mahal. She died when she had her 14 th baby
Stonehenge 3
Write the words. study cemetery mystery year kilometer metric ton
Interesting Beautiful
2 Tutankhamun's Treasures
Read pages 6—7. 1 Find and write the words
Where did Tutankhamun live? 3
The Great Wall of China 3
Find and write the words. Oátòrtovvererb 1 2 6 4 3 7 4 2
1 buildenemies 3 high short 4 long destroy 5 live die 28
The Colosseum
Write the words. crocodile elephant gladiator lion arch rhino 1 2 3 4 5 6 2
The Colosseum had a cloth 5
4 Complete the puzzle.
1
Interesting Beautiful
Complete the chart. They grow:
What do you think of the Easter
HaK0Mn•reAbHaq K onnq 1
Answer the questions. 4 like a triangle 1
Chichen ltza means 'the mouth of the4
The king wanted a new temple. 1
You are in the temple looking out
Interesting Beautiful
Circle the odd one out. 1 palace tree castle 2 ground fountain water 3 plant beautiful amazing 4 red old gold 5 king prisoner emperor…
When did people start to build the
HaK0Mn•reAbHaq 10 The Taj Mahal
See the statues with the big heads
Chichen ltza
Now write your own wonders quiz
Picture Dictionary archaeologist bricks city
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С вами с 2009 года.
