Вариант №1

      I. Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык

The Beginning of Agriculture.

          The greatest of the world’s industries is agriculture, for through agriculture the people of the world get almost all their food and most of the raw materials from which their clothes are made. The world agriculture comes from the Latin world ager (a field) and cultura (cultivation), but it is commonly used to mean the keeping of farm livestock as well as the growing of crops, in other words, farming.

   Agriculture began long before there was any written record of human life. Our knowledge of early farming comes mainly from archeologists who have found tools, dried seeds and animal bones, and the remains of pits and buildings that were used to store grain. Modern methods of dating archeological finds by measuring their radioactivity put the beginnings of agriculture at around 11,000 BC.

  Before that time, people found food by hunting wild animals, fishing and gathering wild plant food such as fruit, nuts and roots. They kept dogs to help in the hunt and to warn them of the approach of dangerous animals, and this led them to use dogs as herding animals. Storing meat was difficult, but herds of wild sheep and goats could be rounded up and kept alive until they were needed for food. Living in herds, some of the animals produced young and this led to the idea of breeding new flocks. Breeding led to the use of milk as food, and later to cheese making.    

II.                Ответьте на вопросы:

-         Why is agriculture the greatest of the world’s industries?

-         How did people find food in ancient times?

-         What led to the use of milk as food?                   

      III.      Выберите правильный вариант:

1. We would like _____ you a present.

a) give; b) giving; c) to give; d) to giving.

2. She was born _____ 19 May, 1950.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

3. . . . There isn't _____ butter in the fridge.

a) some; b) no; c) any; d) a.

Вариант  №2

      I.      Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык

Scientific and Technological Progress

       It's difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people. A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid. Millions of investigations, the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world. All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life.  But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a scientist. But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

II.                Ответьте на вопросы:

-         What accelerates the development of civilization and helps us in our cooperation with nature?

-         What names has our century?

-         What problems have the rapid scientific progress?

       III.    Выберите правильный вариант

1. My mother _____ in a very big hospital in London.

 a) work; b) is working; c) works; d) are working.

2. This house was built _____ the 18-th century

a) in; b) on; c) at; d) by.

3. We have very _____ money left.

a) few; b) little; c) a few; d) a little.

Вариант  №3

          I.      Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык

Environmental Pollution

          People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowned rural areas and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important.

          Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960's people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.

          Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.

          Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.

         Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually.

         Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.

          II.   Ответьте на вопросы:

1. When have people become alarmed with the danger of pollution?

2. What can environmental pollution cause?

3. Why is pollution a complicated problem?

III.             Выберите правильный вариант:

1.  What _____ this evening?

 a) do you do; b) are you doing; c) you do; d) were you doing.

2. This house was built _____ the 18-th century

 a) in; b) on; c) at; d) by.

3.  Christmas is _____ popular holiday in Great Britain

 a) most; b) the most; c) most of all; d) very.

Вариант № 4

          I.      Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык

Greenpeace

          In 1971, motivated by their vision of a green and peaceful world, a small team of activists set sail from Vancouver, Canada, in an old fishing boat. These activists, the founders of Greenpeace, believed a few individuals could make a difference.

          Today, Greenpeace is an international ecological organization that has 2.8 million supporters worldwide and national as well as regional offices in 41 countries. Its headquarters are based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

          Greenpeace is a non-profit organization and nongovernmental. It unites people of different colors living in different continents and speaking different languages. The common mission of this organization is preserving life on the earth in its full variety.

          As a global organization, Greenpeace focuses on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet's biodiversity and environment. It campaigns to stop climate change, save the oceans, stop whaling, say no to genetic engineering, stop the nuclear threat, and eliminate toxic chemicals.

         The goal of Greenpeace is to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge government and corporations when they fail to live up to their mandate to safeguard our environment and our future.

          II.   Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Who were the founders of Greenpeace?

2. Where are its headquarters based?

3. What is the common mission of this organization?

4. What is the goal of Greenpeace?

III.              Выберите правильный вариант:

1.  Have you ever _____ the portrait of Mona Lisa?

a) seen; b) see; c) seeing; d) saw.

2.  Talk _____ me, please!

 a) with; b) to; c) for; d) on.

3.  Let me give you _____.

 a) an advice; b) the advices; c) some advice; d) some advices.

Вариант № 5

          I.      Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык

Agriculture in  Britain.

       Unlike  many  parts  of  the  world  Britain  has  little  or  no  waste  land  to  bring  into  cultivation. Moreover, farms  will  lose  land  needed  for  housing, factories, schools  and  roads. Another   loss from the farm will be labor. The  British  farmer  will  have  to  produce  more  on  less  land  with  fewer  men. To  do  so  he  will  have  to  use  every  tool  placed  at  his  disposal  by  the  scientist  and  technologist. On the arable land cultivation will be increasingly mechanized. The  management  and  operation  of the  machines  will be  the  responsibility  of  one  group  of  highly  skilled  and  well-trained  workers. Field  sizes  will  be  reshaped  and  enlarged  to  make  cultivation  easier, and  many  hedge-rows  will  be  eliminated. Weeds will be almost entirely controlled by means of herbicide-des. Crop  varieties  bred  to  meet  the  needs  of  mechanized  farming  will  be  used  exclusively. The use of fertilizers will be heavy. It will be essential to get the maximum economical yield. The  crops  will  be  protected  against  pests  and  diseases  from  seed  time  to  harvest.  Farm stock will have to be more productive. During  the  next  twenty  years  breeding  will  become  more  and  more  scientific. The  feeding  of  animals  will  be  based  on  the  growing  knowledge of  animal  nutrition. Computers  will  formulate  balanced  rations  for  pigs  and  poultry  at  minimum  cost.

II.                Ответьте на вопросы:

1.     Has Britain little or much land to bring into cultivation?

2.     What do the British farmers use to produce on less land with fewer men?

3.     What will formulate balanced rations for pigs and poultry at minimum cost?

III.             Выберите правильный вариант:

1. You are angry with me, _____ you?

 a) aren't; b) shall; c) won't; d) will.

2. She was born _____ 19 May, 1950.

a) in; b) on; c) at; d) by.

3. We have very _____ money left.

 a) few; b) little; c) a few; d) a little.