Brain system operation

Brain system operation

The brain is an amazing three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind and soul. Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory are a few of the many things governed by the brain. Protected within the skull, the brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time. It assembles the messages in a way that has meaning for us, and can store that information in our memory. The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within our body.

The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

Cerebrum: is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement

Cerebellum: is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.

Brainstem: acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.

01

02

03

The cerebrum is divided into two halves: the right and left hemispheres (Fig. 2) They are joined by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum that transmits messages from one side to the other. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body. If a stroke occurs on the right side of the brain, your left arm or leg may be weak or paralyzed.

Not all functions of the hemispheres are shared. In general, the left hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing. The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills. The left hemisphere is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of people.

Right brain –

Left brain –

EXPLORING LITERATURE

What is Animals Brain?

The brain of an animal is also a part of the central nervous system, and it is located in the head region. Animal brains can be classified into three types based on their structure. They are the brains of invertebrates, vertebrates, and mammals. Mollusk, arthropod, worm, and tardigrade brains are examples of invertebrates’ brains. The most complex brains are found in arthropods and mollusks. They are made up of two parallel nerve cords that run the length of the body. The arthropod brain is the supraesophageal ganglion, and mollusk brains are the largest.

Animal Brains

WORKSHOP

READER'S

Animals have a relatively small brain size.

The thickness of the cortex layer in animals is low.

Whereas the cerebral cortex of the animal brain is comparatively small.

Some animals, such as pigeons, respond to magnetic fields to find their location.

The cerebral cortex of the animal brain contains a comparatively smaller number of neurons.

Neurogenesis occurs in all parts of the non-mammal brain.

Animal brains

Human brains

However, the brains of humans and animals differ in that humans have a three-fold larger relative brain size between body mass/weight and brain size.

The thickness of the cortex layer in humans is high.

The cerebral cortex of the human brain is disproportionately large, accounting for more than 80% of total brain mass.

Humans’ natural navigation ability is less developed.

Cerebral cortex of the human brain contains approximately 16 billion neurons.

Neurogenesis occurs only in the brain regions responsible for memory and smell in both animals and mammals.

Facts about Animal Brains

EXPLORING LITERATURE

READER'S WORKSHOP

Fun facts about animals brain №1 Leeches

Leeches are famous because of their behavior of sucking the blood of living organism. Do you know that this animal has 32 brains? Technically it only owns one brain but it is composed from 32 ganglia.

The brain of the smallest spider occupies 80 percent of the total body cavity. The proportion of the brain increases when the proportion of the body goes down. Compare it with human brain. The brain of human being only occupies 2 till 3 percent of the whole body.

EXPLORING LITERATURE

READER'S WORKSHOP

Fun facts about animals brain №2 The smallest spider

EXPLORING LITERATURE

READER'S WORKSHOP

Reading is important because it helps us to learn about ourselves, other people, and the world around us.

Fun facts about animals №3

Understanding the world around us is essential for personal growth, empathy, and critical thinking.

The brain of an animal is also a part of the central nervous system, and it is located in the head region. The cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum are the three main parts of the human brain. Furthermore, the cerebral cortex of the human brain, which is responsible for the higher cognitive capacity, is disproportionately large, accounting for more than 80% of total brain mass, whereas the cerebral cortex of the animal brain is not significantly larger. The brain is a part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull of humans. The brain’s primary function is to control the functions of the body by integrating, processing, and coordinating information in order to make decisions and send them to the effector organs. The brain of an animal is also a part of the central nervous system, and it is located in the head region. The arthropod brain is the supraesophageal ganglion, and mollusk brains are the largest.

Conclusion