chemistry lesson

Test # 2 on the topic "the Structure of matter" - the STRUCTURE of MATTER - LESSON PLANS in CHEMISTRY 11 class-lesson plans-lesson plans-author's lessons-plan-lesson summary-chemistry

The purpose of the lesson: to identify the level of assimilation of knowledge of the topic.

Equipment: cards of test work options. The first level and the advanced level.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment

Instructing students on the implementation of the control work.

II. Performing control work on options I, II (first level)

Option 1

Task 1

Draw a diagram of the formation of a bond in the hydrogen chloride molecule.

Task 2

How does the polarity of a chemical bond change in a series of compounds CH₄-H₂S—NSL? Give a reasonable answer.

Task 3

Determine the degree of oxidation of elements in substances whose formulas are Na₂S, SO₂, KNO₃, Al₂(SO₄)₃, OF₂.

Task 4

Write the structural formulas of substances corresponding to the molecular formula C₄H₈. Name them according to their systematic nomenclature, and determine the type of isomerism.

Option 2

Task 1

Draw a diagram of the formation of a bond in a hydrogen sulfide molecule.

Task 2

How does the polarity of a chemical bond change in a series of compounds HF-H₂O-NH₃? Give a reasonable answer.

Task 3

Determine the degree of oxidation of elements in substances with formulas CCL₄, Ba(NO₃)₂, Al₂S₃, HClO,. Na₂Cr₂O₇.

Task 4

Write the structural formulas of substances corresponding to the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂. Name them according to their systematic nomenclature, and determine the type of isomerism.

III. The results of the lesson. Homework

Repeat the types of chemical reactions.

Advanced level

Answers to questions from the first-level options

Option I

1) HCl-hydrogen chloride, covalent polar bond.

2) the Polarity of the chemical bond in the rowwill increase, because the EO in the row of constituent elements C, S, Cl increases, and the EO of hydrogen remains unchanged.

The greatest difference in the EO will be in the connection NCl.

4) C₄H₈:

C_nH_2n-alkene, an interclass isomer of cycloalkane

C_nH_2n-iycloalkane, an interclass isomer of an alkene

 - butene-1

 — butene-2 (isomerism of the position of the multiple bond)

 — 2-methylpropene (carbon skeleton isomerism)

 - CIS-butene-2 (spatial geometric isomerism)

 - TRANS-butene-2

 - CYCLOBUTANE (interclass isomerism)

 — methyl-cyclopropane (isomerism of the carbon cycle)

Option II

1) H₂S-covalent polar bond hydrogen sulfide;

2) the Polarity of the chemical bond in the rowdecreases, because The EO of elements forming compounds decreases: EO_F> E0_O> EO_N, and hydrogen remains unchanged. The greatest difference in the EO of elements in the HF connection.

3) 

4) C₄H₈O₂— an oxygen-containing compound, either an acid or an ester.

 — butane acid

 — 2-methylpropanoic acid (carbon skeleton isomerism)

 — propanoic acid methyl ester (interclass isomerism)

 — ethyl ether of ethanoic acid (interclass isomer)

 — propyl ether of methane acid (interclass isomer)

Responses to advanced-level tasks

Option I

1) MgF₂-ion bond. The compound is formed by a typical nonmetal and a typical metal, the elements have a sharp difference in EO.

 — covalent polar coupling, the connection is formed by non-metals that differ slightly in the EO.

 covalent polar coupling, a compound formed by non-metals that differ slightly in the EO.

VG₂ is a covalent polar bond formed by nonmetal atoms with the same EO.

2)six unpaired electrons in an atom;

 3 σ-bonds in the molecule.

There is a steaming of 3p²-electrons and 3s²-electrons.

A flat triangle.

The remaining unpaired p-electrons go to form p-bonds with oxygen atoms

Structural formula SO₃: 

3) FROM₆Н_{TO 12}. Since_nN_2n — alkene or yyclearin.

Consider the alkene isomerism.

 - HEXEN-1

The isomers of position of multiple bonds:

 - HEXEN-2

 - HEXEN-3

Isomerism of the carbon skeleton:

 — 2-methylpentene-1

 — 2,3-dimethylbutene-1

Spatial isomerism, geometric:

 - CIS-HEXEN-2

 - TRANS-HEXEN-2

Interclass isomerism:

 - cyclohexane

Structural link: 

Polymerization reaction.

Option II.

1)ionic bond; the compound is formed by a typical metal and a typical nonmetal, a sharp difference in the elements in the EO.

 — covalent polar coupling, the connection is formed by elements non-metals, slightly differ in the EO.

 — covalent polar coupling, the connection is formed by nonmetal elements, slightly differ in the EO.

O₂-covalent nonpolar bond, the compound is formed by nonmetal atoms with the same EO.

2)three unpaired electrons in an atom;

 three σ-bonds in the molecule.

 three unpaired p-electrons

SP³-hybridization, four hybrid orbitals

 The shape of the molecule is a trigonal pyramid.

FROM₅Н_{TO 8}. C_nH_2n-2, alkyne or alkadiene

 - Pentin-1

The isomers of position of multiple bonds:

- Pentin-2

Isomerism of the carbon skeleton:

 - 2-methylbutan-1

Interclass isomerism:

 - pentadiene-1,3

Structural link: 

The reaction of polycondensation.