Медицина во время Великой Отечественной войны

Fighting always leads to loss. A person, wounded or sick, can no longer perform his tasks to the fullest. But they had to be returned to the system. To this end, medical institutions were established throughout the advance of the troops. Temporary, in the immediate vicinity of combat battles, and permanent - in the deep rear.
 
Where hospitals were created
All hospitals during the Great Patriotic War. The war received at its disposal the most capacious buildings of cities and villages. For the sake of saving the wounded soldiers, their speedy recovery of the school and sanatorium, the audience of universities and hotel rooms became medical chambers. For the soldiers tried to create better conditions. The cities of the deep rear turned into a haven for thousands of soldiers for the time of illness.
 
In cities far from the battlefields, hospitals were deployed during the Great Patriotic War. Their list is huge, they covered the entire space from north to south, Siberia and further to the east. Yekaterinburg and Tyumen, Arkhangelsk and Murmansk, Irkutsk and Omsk greeted the dear guests. For example, in such a remote city, like Irkutsk, there were twenty hospitals. Each point of reception of soldiers from the front line was ready for the necessary medical procedures, organization of adequate nutrition and care.
 

It goes without saying – that nothing could be worse than wars.
The way from injury to healing….
The soldier wounded during the battle did not immediately find himself in hospital. The first care for him was laid on his brittle, but such strong female shoulders nurses. "Sisters" in a soldier's uniform rushed under heavy enemy fire to pull out their "brothers" from the shelling.
 










Red cross, sewn on the sleeve or kerchief, their employees were issued hospitals during the Great Patriotic War. The photo or image of this symbol is clear to all without words. The cross warns that a person is not a warrior. The fascists at the sight of this distinctive sign were simply beastly. They were annoyed by the presence of little nurses on the battlefield. And the way they managed to drag huge soldiers in complete outfit under the aimed fire, just drove them into a rage.

  After all, in the army of the Wehrmacht such work was carried out the most healthy and strong soldiers. Therefore, they opened a real hunt for little heroines. Only a girlish silhouette with a red cross will flash past, and many enemy trunks aim at it. Therefore, the death to the advanced nurses was very frequent.
 
Leaving the battlefield, the wounded received first aid and went to the sorting sites. These were the so-called distributional evacuation points. They brought the wounded, shell-shocked and sick from the immediate fronts. One point served from three to five areas of military operations. Here the soldiers were distributed according to their primary injury or illness. Great contribution to the restoration of the fighting strength of the army was played by military-sanitary trains.

Military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War.
The VSP could simultaneously transport a large number of the wounded. No other ambulance transport could compete with these locomotives providing rapid medical care. From the sorting points, the wounded were sent to the interior of the country to specialized Soviet hospitals during the Great Patriotic War.
 
The main directions of hospitals
Among the hospitals there were several profiles. The most frequent injuries were injuries in the abdominal cavity. They were particularly serious. Fragmentation in the chest or abdomen resulted in damage to the chart. As a result, the thoracic and abdominal cavities are without a natural border, which could lead to the death of soldiers. To cure them, special thoracoabdominal hospitals were created. Among such wounded, the survival rate was low.
 

To treat injuries of the limbs, a femoral-articular profile was created. Hands and feet suffered from wounds and frostbite. Doctors in all conceivable ways tried to prevent amputation.
  
A man without an arm or a leg could no longer return to the system. And before the doctors set the task of restoring combat power.

Neurosurgical and infectious focus, therapeutic and psychoneurological departments, surgery (purulent and vascular) have thrown all their forces on their front against the diseases of Red Army soldiers.
 
  Staff
To the service of the Fatherland were doctors of different orientations and experience. Experienced doctors and young nurses came to hospitals during the Great Patriotic War. Here they worked for days.
 
Among the doctors were often hungry faints. But this was not due to lack of nutrition. To feed tried well both patients, and physicians. Doctors often did not have enough time to digress from their basic work and eat. Every minute counted. While the dinner was going on, it was possible to help some miserable person and save his life.

In addition to providing medical assistance, it was necessary cook food, feed soldiers, change dressings, clean up in wards, wash. All this was done by a lot of staff. They tried to somehow distract the wounded from bitter thoughts. It happened that the hands were not enough. Then unexpected assistants appeared.
 
 

Assistant Physicians
Detachments of October and Pioneers, individual classesrendered feasible assistance to hospitals during the Great Patriotic War. They served a glass of water, wrote and read letters, entertained the soldiers, because almost everyone had their own daughter or sons-brothers somewhere at home. Touching a peaceful life after the bloodshed of terrible everyday life on the front became an incentive for recovery.
 
In military hospitals during the GreatThe Great Patriotic War was attended by famous artists with concerts. Their arrival was waiting, they turned into a holiday. The appeal to brave overcoming pain, belief in recovery, optimism of speeches beneficially influenced patients. Pioneers came with amateur performances. They put skits where they ridiculed the fascists. They sang songs, told poems about a quick victory over the enemy. Such concerts the wounded waited impatiently.
 

Difficulties of work
Created hospitals during the Great Patriotic War functioned with difficulty. In the first months of the war, there was no sufficient supply of medicines, equipment, and specialists. There was not enough elementary - cotton wool and bandages. I had to wash them, boil them. The doctors could not change the dressing gown in time. After a few operations, he turned into a red cloth from fresh blood. The retreat of the Red Army could lead to the fact that the hospital was on the occupied territory. In such cases, the life of the soldiers was endangered. All who could take weapons in their hands rose up to protect the rest. Medical personnel at that time tried to organize the evacuation of seriously wounded and shell-shocked.

Achievements and omissions.
The main task of Hospitals during the Great Patriotic War - to reduce the death rate of patients. Up to 90 percent came back to life. Without attracting new knowledge, this was not possible. Physicians had to check the latest discoveries in medicine immediately in practice. Their courage gave a chance to survive to many soldiers, and not even just to stay alive, but also to continue to defend the Motherland.

Assistance to hospitals during the Great Patriotic War.
It was possible to adjust work in an unsuitable place, having passed through tests. Only the dedication of doctors allowed to equip the premises to provide necessary medical assistance.
 
Gradually, medical institutions stopped experiencing a shortage of drugs and equipment. The work became more organized, under control and guardianship.