Михаил Васильевич Ломоносов

Государственное автономное профессиональное образовательное учреждениеСвердловской области<Екатеринбургский политехникум>

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was born on November 19th, 1711, in Arkhangelsk province. He was a famous Russian scientist, polymath and a writer, who had greatly contributed into national literature, science and education. He was also the founder of Russian literary language and a talented poet. The spheres of science that he was interested in included chemistry, physics, natural science, history, philology, art and some others.

He was born to a family of a prosperous peasant and fisherman. When he was young he liked fishing with his father. Lomonosov’s mother was a deacon’s daughter. At the age of ten he started accompanying his father in business ventures. However, the boy was keen on studying and getting knowledge than business. He spent every spare minute with books.

At the age of nineteen Lomonosov decided to go to Moscow on foot because he wanted to study. He entered the Slavic Greek Latin Academy and lived on three kopecks a day, living off only black bread and kvas. However, he made a rapid progress in studies. Soon, he was awarded a scholarship to Saint Petersburg State University, and then he got a two-year grant to study in Germany.

Arriving back to Moscow, Lomonosov was made a full member of the Russian Academy of Science and named professor of chemistry.
He established the Academy’s first chemistry laboratory. In 1755, wishing to improve Russian education system, Lomonosov together with his patron Count Ivan Shuvalov founded the Moscow State University.

Optics and heat, electricity and gravitation, meteorology and art, geography and metallurgy, history and chemistry, philosophy and literature, geology and astronomy - in all these areas of science Lomonosov made a significant contribution.
Lomonosov laid the foundations of physical chemistry when he made an attempt to explain chemical phenomena on the basis of the laws of physics and his own theory of the structure of matter.

In his Chemical Laboratory, Lomonosov in 1752-1753, for the first time in the history of science, taught a course in physical chemistry to students of an academic university. And he was able to obtain permission to build this laboratory only after three years of efforts - it was the first research and educational laboratory in Russia.

In 1752-1753, while studying atmospheric electricity, MV Lomonosov set the task of writing a work on the general theory of electricity. The scientist began to work on the Latin manuscript only in April 1756, but already in May, having switched to "A Word about the Air Phenomena Occurring from the Electric Force", - leaves the first without completing.

On May 26, 1761, observing the transit of Venus across the solar disk, MV Lomonosov discovered the presence of an atmosphere in it.

In December 1759, M.V. Lomonosov and I.A.Brown were the first to obtain solid mercury. But the importance of this success for M.V. Lomonosov was expressed to a greater extent not by the fact of priority, but by the logic of argumentation of a number of provisions of his corpuscular-kinetic theory, and the subsequent success in the classification of substances - when the scientist was the first in January 1760, along with solving a number of other problems , the electrical conductivity and “malleability” of mercury were shown, which became the basis for classifying this substance as a metal .

Lomonosov, together with VK Trediakovsky, carried out a syllabo-tonic reform ("Letter on the Rules of Russian Poetry"), and it was Lomonosov's experiments that were perceived by the poets as exemplary. Based on the German model, he created the classic Russian iambic tetrameter, initially "heavy" full-shock (odes to John Antonovich, "Evening Reflection"), then lightened by omissions of stress. The founder of the Russian solemn (addressed to the rulers) and philosophical ode.

http://elib.gnpbu.ru/sections/0100/lomonosov/
http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ломоносов,_Михаил_Васильевич/
https://www.en365.ru/mikhail_lomonosov

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The work was carried out by a student of group:
313TA Skakalin Ivan