Объединение дополнительного образования «Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности» "Walls"

walls

opaque [ә'peɪk] – непроницаемый,
стимое значение характеристики
непрозрачный
to be torn down – быть снесённым
outlet – штепсельная розетка
(о стене)
partition wall – разделительная перегородка
boundary wall – стена – ограда
регородка, переборка
to delineate [dɪ'lɪnɪeɪt] – очерчивать
relevant ['relәvәnt] – иметь отношение

dike – дамба
ние к чему-либо
fibre ['faɪbә] – волокно
retaining wall – подпорная стенка
fence – ограда, забор
sea wall – набережная
insulation – изоляция
sheeting – листовой материал
levee ['levɪ] – речной причал
structural wall – несущая стена
to mount – монтировать, крепить
structural element – несущий эле-
masonry – каменная или кирпичная
мент, часть здания,кладка
tiling – облицовка плиткой
mural – фреска, стена

The wall - the main elements of the design of the building, and on the choice of their type depend on many parameters of the future house: external or internal appeal, comfort, heat- and sound insulation, fire resistance, possibility of application of auxiliary equipment and furniture, and finally, factors such as the ecological cleanliness of the home.

In construction, depending on destination, the walls are divided into external and internal. In the perception of loads walls are divided on the load-bearing and non-bearing.

Load-bearing wall is a natural continuation of the foundation and is an essential element of the construction of the building, it serves as a base for the beams or concrete tiles, ceiling or attic floors, that is, the "bears" on a kind of load. During the dismantling of the bearing wall violate the integrity of the building.

Non-bearing walls, the wall is a wall, the main purpose of which is the separation of facilities into several parts or allocation in the room of functional zones. Its removal does not entail a redistribution of loads in the construction of the building. Non-bearing walls, a wall or a partition can only be internal.

wooden (made of logs, boards, one- and two-layer frames with a shell of boards),
brick (from solid, hollow, ceramic, silicate bricks and blocks),

stone (from cobble stone, limestone, limestone, tuff stone, sandstone),
concrete (from heavy concrete of different grades - slabs and blocks, as well as of lightweight concrete - cellular-concrete, claydite-owned, breeze, foam concrete, raspings-concrete blocks).

Masonry wall, in which the wall is built of individual blocks of materials such as brick, clay or concrete blocks, or stone, usually in horizontal courses bonded together with some form of mortar. Several of the earth derived products, either air dried or fired, are reasonable in cost and well suited to the climate.

Monolithic wall, in which the wall is built of a material placed in forms during the construction. The traditional earth wall and the modern concrete wall are examples. The earth walls are inexpensive and durable if placed on a good foundation and protected from rain by a rendering or wide roof overhangs.

Frame wall, in which the wall is constructed as a frame of relatively small members, usually of timber, at close intervals which together with facing or sheething on one or both sides form a load-bearing system. Offcuts are a lowcost material to use for a frame wall covering.

Membrane wall, in which the wall is constructed as a sandwich of two thin skins or sheets of reinforced plastic, metal, asbestos-cement or other suitable material bonded to a core of foamed plastic to produce a thin wall element of high strength and low weight.

Another form of construction adapted for framed or earth buildings consists of relatively light sheeting secured to the face of the wall to form the enclosed element. These are generally termed 'claddings'.Factors which will determine the type of wall to be used are:
The materials available at a reasonable cost.
Availability of craftsmen capable of using the materials in the best way.
Climate
The use of the building - functional requirements.

When choosing the material for the erection of the walls should be taken into account "rule of homogeneity" - all capital (bearing) wall should be built of the same material, and based on the same foundation. It only allows the combination of brick with lightweight concrete and DSPS (cement-shaving plates) and wood in the hull frame wall.

Another sign by which classified the wall, "their constructive solution". In this respect, the walls are divided into monolithic, small- and coarse- blocks, panel, panel frame, prefabricated, combined.

Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to themeaning of the words and word-combination given below:

mount v – монтировать, крепить, собирать
mountable adj – монтируемый, встраиваемый
mounted adj – cмонтированный, установленный, закреплённый
mounter n – монтажник, монтажное устройство
mounting n – установка, сборка, монтаж, крепление
1 In order to mount the telephone jack, remove the cover and expose
the inner plate and make screw holes.
2 Panel is a wall mountable but keep in mind that it requires external
power, meaning it plugs into the wall.
3 Sony products, such as liquid crystal televisions, digital cameras,
Walkman, and others keep on evolving because Sony Manufacturing Systems
support these products with its latest mounter technology.
4 Whether mounted in a window or a wall, this type of air conditioner
plugs into a standard electrical outlet and doesn’t need special wiring.
5 A window-mounted air conditioner is the most popular and economi-
cal, but a wall-mounted unit requires some renovation work.
6 In order to attach the element to the oven, install the mounting screws
through the mounting brackets to the back of the oven.

structure n – строение, структура
structural adj – строительный, структурный
structured adj – структурный, структурированный
structureless n – бесструктурный, аморфный
1 The original two levels of the Tower of Pisa didn’t lean, but the struc-
ture began to lean when construction moved to the third level and beyond
in 1178
2 I did the structural engineering calculation of the foundation for the
wind turbine and substation.
3 The doctoral program is structured so that students can pursue a cur-
riculum matched to their individual interests.
4 It can happen to any fine-grained, structureless rock that is gently at-
tacked by groundwater.

Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to themeaning of the words and word-combination given below:

Answer the questions

1 What is a wall?
2 What principal types of structural walls do you know?
3 What is a building wall?
4 When do building walls become works of art?
5 When is a partition wall used?
6 What materials can be utilized for partition walls?
7 What is the difference between a fence and a wall?
8 Why do people build retaining walls?

Рефлексия.
I can read and understand the information about …
I can listen and understand the information about…
I can write….
I can speak about…
I can ask and answer the questions about…