Outstanding Russian teachers and psychologists

Outstanding Russian teachers and psychologists

Domestic teachers are recognized as one of the best in world practice. Their developments, methods and theories of upbringing and education still remain among the most used and respected.

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko

Born: March 13, 1888, Belopolye, Sumy county, Kharkiv province, Russian Empire
Died: April 1, 1939 (51 years old), Golitsyno, Moscow region, RSFSR, USSR

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko was a talented teacher-innovator, one of the creators of a coherent system of communist education of the younger generation based on Marxist-Leninist teachings. Socialist humanism is one of the basic principles of the pedagogical system of education of Makarenko. The teacher deeply believes in the creative powers of a person, in his great abilities. Makarenko's optimism is closely combined with socialist humanism — the ability to see positive forces in each pupil, to "project" the best in a person.

By the collective, Makarenko understood not a random gathering of people, but their association to achieve common goals in common work.

Each member of the collective is obliged to realize and feel his duty to the collective, starting with the primary collective and ending with the socialist Homeland.

A. S. Makarenko has brought a lot of new, original things to the coverage of the problem of family education. From an early age in family conditions, he gets used to his future economic activity on a larger scale.

He highlighted the shortcomings of the pedagogical education system in Soviet times: there are no interrelations between education and training, there is no consideration of individual characteristics and interests of children, a sense of collectivism does not develop, etc.

Makarenko was a teacher who successfully applied dialectical-materialistic principles in the theory and practice of education. The guiding principle of all his pedagogical activity was devotion to the socialist Motherland.

Boris Gerasimovich Ananiev

Born: August 1 (14), 1907, Vladikavkaz, Russian Empire

Died: May 18, 1972 (age 64), Leningrad, RSFSR, USSR

Biography

In 1924 he graduated from high school in Vladikavkaz and entered the Gorsky Pedagogical Institute.
1929 - postgraduate study in psychology at the Leningrad Institute of the Brain named after V. M. Bekhterev.
Since 1930 he worked in a number of pedagogical universities in Leningrad
1941 - conducted work in Leningrad on the special assignment of the Lenshtab MPVO

Main ideas and theories

In his model, the sciences of man are grouped into four sections:
1) man as a biological species;
2) ontogenesis and the life path of a person as an individual;
3) the study of a person as a person;
4) the problem of humanity.

Works, books, articles

• Essays on psychology. — 1945.
• Essays on Russian psychology of the XVIII-XIX centuries. — 1947.
• Man as an object of knowledge. — 1969.
• Psychology of sensory knowledge. — 1960.
• Theory of sensations. — 1961.

Followers

Alexey Alexandrovich Bodalev

Lev Markovich Vecker

Golovei Larisa Arsenievna

Nikolai Vladimirovich Krogius

Loginova Natalia Anatolievna

Lomov Boris Fyodorovich

Interesting facts

The purpose of masking urban objects was their concealment, deformation and imitation. Models of the main buildings of Leningrad were built and issues of camouflage coloring, shape distortion, creation of false objects, etc. were worked out on them.