План-конспект открытого урока по английскому языку

в 8 классе по теме «Holidays and traditions».

Учитель: Шестакова Инна Руслановна

Предмет: английский язык

Класс: 8

Дата: 05.02.18

Тема урока: Праздники и традиции.

Тип урока: Комбинированный

Вид урока: Традиционный

Цель: к концу урока учащиеся смогут использовать лексический материал по теме "Праздники", сравнивать праздники разных стран.

Задачи:

1.     Систематизация и закрепление лексико-грамматического материала по теме.

2.     Развитие навыков устной речи, языковой догадки.

3.     Воспитание уважения к традициям и обычаям других стран.

Формы организации учебной деятельности: фронтальная, групповая.

Оборудование: тематические картинки, дидактический раздаточный материал, карточки c заданиями;

 

 

Ход занятия:

         Организационно-мотивационный этап урока: (определение темы урока, целеполагание)

- Good afternoon, students and our guest! I am glad to see you today. Look at the blackboard. How do you think what we are going to have a talk today?

- We are going to speak about some holidays in the UK and our country.

You know that every country has its own traditions, customs and habits. It is very important to follow special traditions.

-Do you like holidays?

- What is your favourite holiday and why?

- Do you want to know what is my favourite holiday? Ask me.

The aims for the lesson today are:

·         to repeat words and grammar material on the theme “Holidays and traditions”

·         to enlarge our countrystudy skills

·         to develop a language guess and logical thinking.

·         to respect traditions and customs of other countries

Let’s stick them on the board. At the end of the lesson we’ll check whether we achieved them or not.

 

Речевая зарядка:

- Answer my question: What does a holiday mean?

-S: a holiday is an extended period of leisure;

-S: it is a tradition, a custom and a habit of the country;

-S: a holiday is a ritual of the religious group.

- Now, I summarize the definition: A holiday is an extended period of leisure,

it is connected with traditions, customs, habits and rituals of the country.

- What British holidays do you know? Name some of them.

- S: Christmas, Easter, New Year, May Day, Mother’s Day, April Fools Day…

- OK, thank you.

- You could see how subgroup divided holidays on 3 types. Name them in English.

(They are religious, state and traditional)

- Now divide the holidays into three types: Religious, State, Traditional.

- What are religious holidays?

(Christmas, Easter are religious holidays)

- What are state holidays?

(New Year, May Day are state holidays)

- What are traditional holidays?

(They are Mother’s Day, April Fool’s Day are traditional holidays)

 

Контроль домашнего задания:

- Guys, your homework was to prepare 5-6 sentences about holidays and customs of Great Britain. Let’s speak about Religious British holidays.

- Come to the blackboard and tell us about some religious holidays.

Other students: Listen attentively: What are they? When are they celebrated? What symbols of the holidays do you know?

 

- Now, we repeat the main British holidays and compare with Belarussian ones. Most of them are identical, but some ones have differences.

 

Основная часть

- OK, we have heard about some holidays and now summarize our knowledge about them and do some exercises.

 

- I’ll give you some cards with the names of different holidays and the pictures of Belarus and Britain. Where are these holidays celebrated?

 

- Children! I have prepared a surprise for you. Here is a magic box. Let’s open it! Take the cards! (Дети открывают волшебный сундучок по очереди и достают открытки, на которых написаны вопросы):

1.What do you know about Christmas?

2. When do English people celebrate St.Valentine’s Day?

3. When do people celebrate Halloween?  Are you afraid of ghosts?

4. When is Mother’s Day celebrated?

5. What symbols of Easter do you know?

6. What do children give or send to their fathers and grandfathers on Father’s day?

7. How is Father Frost called in Great Britain?

8. What do people do in April Fool’s Day?

- Well! I see that you have learnt much about British traditions and holidays.

 

I.                  Предтекстовый этап. (Text № 1.)

Let’s continue our lesson. Now, I want to divide you into 2 groups. Look at the unknown words. Repeat this words after me.

gradual — постепенный
painful — болезненный
to impose taxes — облагать налогами
Revolutionary War — война за независимость
Continental Congress — континентальный конгресс
to approve — утвердить
Declaration of independence — Декларация независимости
tree-legged races — бег наперегонки в парах; у каждой
пары две ноги связаны
pie-eating/water-melon-eating contests — соревнование, цель которого съесть как можно больше пирога или арбузов
founding fathers — отцы-основатели

 

Текстовый этап.

Let’s read this text and find the answers to the following questions

 

Independence Day

         On July 4 the Americans celebrate their national holiday — Independence Day. The United States received independence as a result of gradual and painful process. By the mid 1700's, it became difficult for British colonies in the New World to be ruled by a king 3000 miles across the ocean. The King imposed high taxes upon the colonies.

         In 1775, the Revolutionary War began. On July 4, the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of independence. But the War of independence lasted until 1783. After the war Independence Day became an official holiday.

         On July 4, Americans have holiday from work. People have day-long picnics with favorite food like hot dogs, hamburgers, potato salad, baked beans. Lively music is heard everywhere. People play baseball or compete at three-legged races or pie-eating or water-melon-eating contests.

         Some cities have parades with people dressed as the original founding fathers who march to the music of high school bands. In the evening people gather to watch firework displays. Wherever Americans are around the globe they will get together to celebrate Independence Day.

 

Послетекстовый этап.

Answer the questions:

1. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day?
2. Was the process of gaining (получения) independence easy?
3. When was the Declaration of independence approved?
4. Do Americans work on this day?
5. What is the traditional meal?
6. What activities are popular on this day?

 

II.     Предтекстовый этап. (Text № 2.)

Look at the unknown words. Repeat this words after me.

Text № 2.

honor – честь, почитать

liberation – освобождение

Nazi forces – нацистские силы

Commemorates – отмечать

Occasion – случай

Supreme Council - Верховный Совет

Vote – голосовать

painful — болезненный

 

 

Independence Day

Unlike (В отличии от) the other countries that formed the part of the Soviet Union, Belarus does not celebrate its Independence Day to honor its freedom from the USSR. Instead, it celebrates the liberation of its capital city, Minsk from the Nazi forces in 1944. Each year the country commemorates this occasion on July 3.

Until 1996, Belarus celebrated its Independence Day on July 27, the day in 1990 when Belarus' Supreme Council official declared the country free from USSR. That changed in 1996 when, through a referendum, people voted to make July 3 the Independence Day of Belarus.

Independence Day is observed as a national holiday in Belarus. The day usually begins with a military and civil parade, and is followed by honoring the memory of the fallen heroes who fought the Nazi forces in 1944. The Independence Day celebrations also include concerts, and other festivities throughout the country. The day finally comes to an end with fireworks.

 

Послетекстовый этап.

Answer the questions:

1. When do Belarus celebrate Independence Day?
2. Was the process of gaining (получение) independence easy?
3. When was the Declaration of independence approved?
4. Do people work on this day?
5. What is the traditional meal?
6. What activities are popular on this day?

 

Заключительная часть

Подведение итогов. Рефлексия.

So children, what have we done at our lesson?

1. You know a lot about holidays of Great Britain and our country.

2. You have read some texts and understand them.

3. You can tell about British holidays and your favorite ones.

Now it’s time to write down your homework and to get marks for the lesson. I’d like to thank you for good work at the lesson. I give excellent marks to …, good – to …, etc. Now summarize our work.

- Your homework will be to make a presentation about your favourite holiday, using your personal photos and pictures.

Thank you for your excellent work. The lesson is over. Good-bye, children.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What do you know about Christmas?

 

 

 

 

 

When do English people celebrate

St.Valentine’s Day?

 

 

 

 

 

When do people celebrate Halloween?

Are you afraid of ghosts?

 

 

 

 

 

When is Mother’s Day celebrated?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What symbols of Easter do you know?

 

 

 

 

 

What do children give or send to their fathers and grandfathers on Father’s day?

 

 

 

 

 

How is Father Frost called in Great Britain?

 

 

 

 

 

 

What do people do in April Fool’s Day?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- Answer the questions about holidays in writing.

1) What holiday is not popular in Britain? (New Year)

2) Where do children get presents in Christmas? (in stockings)

3) What is decorated with flowers and ribbons for dancing? (Maypole)

4) What do people do in April Fool’s Day? (play jokes and trick on other people)

 

 

 

 

Список литературы и интернет-ресурсов:

 

1.   Зубов А.В. Методика применения информационных технологий в обучении иностранным языкам: учеб. пособие для студ. высш. учеб. заведений – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2009. – 144 с.

2.   Настольная книга преподавателя иностранного языка: справ.пособие/ Е.А. Маслыко, П.К. Бабинская, А.Ф. Будько, С.И. Петрова. – 9-е изд., стер. – Мн.: Высш. шк.., 2004. – 522с.

3.   http://www.english-easy.info/topics/topics_British_Holidays

4.   http://projectbritain.com/holidays.html

5.   http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/holiday?q=holiday

6.   http://www.ehow.com/info_8145055_british-holidays-vs-american-holidays.html

 

 

 

 

 

May Day The first Monday of May used to be celebrated in Britain. May is the month for traditional dancing around the Maypole. The original Maypoles were freshly felled trees, stripped of their branches, and decorated with flowers and ribbons. Many English villages still have a maypole, and the villagers dance around it.)

What public holidays are in Great Britain? How is New Year celebrated in Great Britain? When do English people celebrate St.Valentine’s Day? What kind of holiday is it? 4. What is the most popular emblem of Easter? 5. When do people celebrate Halloween? 6. Are you afraid of ghosts? Have you ever heard a scary story? 7. Who is Saint George? 8. Why do people celebrate Saint George’s Day on the 23rd of April? Is April Fool’s Day a national holiday? What do children give or send to their fathers and grandfathers on Father’s day?

 

 

 

Аудирование.

1.     Подготовка к прослушиванию. Предтекстовая работа.

Mischief – шалость, проказы, crop – посев, культура, урожай , livelihood – источник средства к существованию

2.     Текстовый этап. Рослушивание текста.

April Fools Day

Today is the first of April. The first of April is traditionally called All Fools Day, or April Fools Day. It is a day for mischief, or playing tricks on people; and for getting people to believe things which are not true.
Today is the 50th Anniversary of one of the most famous April Fools Day tricks. It was 1957. BBC television had a weekly documentary programme called Panorama. Panorama was a serious and respected programme, reporting on news events around the world. On 1 April, Panorama included a report about the problems facing spaghetti farmers in Switzerland. There were pictures of people picking spaghetti from spaghetti trees and laying it in the sunshine to dry. But the spaghetti farmers were afraid that a late frost would damage the spaghetti crop, and destroy their livelihood.
Fifty years ago, most British people did not know much about Italian food like spaghetti. Many people apparently accepted the documentary at face value. Some people say that it was many years before they found out that spaghetti does not really grow on trees. (No. Spaghetti really does not grow on trees. It was a joke. Alright?)

3.     Контроль понимания прослушанного текста.

True/False

2.     April Fools Day is a day for getting people to believe things which are true.

3.     Panorama was a serious and respected programme.

4.     Panorama included a report about the problems facing spaghetti farmers.

5.     There were pictures of people picking spaghetti from spaghetti trees.

6.     No one believe in this documentary programme.

Answer the questions

1.     When was one of the most famous April Fools Day tricks?

2.      What was this trick about?

3.     Why did some people believe in this trick?

 

 

 

April Fools Day

Today is the first of April. The first of April is traditionally called All Fools Day, or April Fools Day. It is a day for mischief, or playing tricks on people; and for getting people to believe things which are not true.
Today is the 50th Anniversary of one of the most famous April Fools Day tricks. It was 1957. BBC television had a weekly documentary programme called Panorama. Panorama was a serious and respected programme, reporting on news events around the world. On 1 April, Panorama included a report about the problems facing spaghetti farmers in Switzerland. There were pictures of people picking spaghetti from spaghetti trees and laying it in the sunshine to dry. But the spaghetti farmers were afraid that a late frost would damage the spaghetti crop, and destroy their livelihood.
Fifty years ago, most British people did not know much about Italian food like spaghetti. Many people apparently accepted the documentary at face value. Some people say that it was many years before they found out that spaghetti does not really grow on trees.(No. Spaghetti really does not grow on trees. It was a joke. Alright?)
The Panorama report was a spoof. Ever since then, it has been common for newspapers to carry spoof stories on 1 April. So this morning, I opened my newspaper eagerly, to find the spoof story. There was a story that the London Transport lost property office had just found the owner of an urn containing human ashes which had been left on the underground eight years ago. Surely that was a spoof? But no, the story was in fact completely true.
And then I found it. I told you in an earlier podcast that our Prime Minister, Tony Blair, is expected to retire later this year. What will he do when he is no longer Prime Minister? According to the Observer newspaper, he will start a new career as an actor. He has been offered a part in a play at a leading London theatre in the autumn. He is already learning his lines. He is practising them with his staff in 10 Downing Street. He has also been offered parts in the BBC’s science fiction programme Dr Who, and in several comedy shows.
But is this really an April Fool spoof? Our Prime Minister is one of the finest actors in Britain today. He can convince people of anything. He can convince himself of anything. Such as that there are weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Do you know Shakespeare’s play, King Lear? It is about an arrogant and powerful king who decides to retire. He divides his kingdom between his three daughters. But he then argues, first with one daughter and then with the others, until in the end he goes mad. Tony Blair as King Lear? Yes – I think so.

 

 

 

 

April Fools Day

Today is the first of April. The first of April is traditionally called All Fools Day, or April Fools Day. It is a day for mischief, or playing tricks on people; and for getting people to believe things which are not true.
Today is the 50th Anniversary of one of the most famous April Fools Day tricks. It was 1957. BBC television had a weekly documentary programme called Panorama. Panorama was a serious and respected programme, reporting on news events around the world. On 1 April, Panorama included a report about the problems facing spaghetti farmers in Switzerland. There were pictures of people picking spaghetti from spaghetti trees and laying it in the sunshine to dry. But the spaghetti farmers were afraid that a late frost would damage the spaghetti crop, and destroy their livelihood.
Fifty years ago, most British people did not know much about Italian food like spaghetti. Many people apparently accepted the documentary at face value. Some people say that it was many years before they found out that spaghetti does not really grow on trees.(No. Spaghetti really does not grow on trees. It was a joke. Alright?)

April Fools Day

Today is the first of April. The first of April is traditionally called All Fools Day, or April Fools Day. It is a day for mischief, or playing tricks on people; and for getting people to believe things which are not true.
Today is the 50th Anniversary of one of the most famous April Fools Day tricks. It was 1957. BBC television had a weekly documentary programme called Panorama. Panorama was a serious and respected programme, reporting on news events around the world. On 1 April, Panorama included a report about the problems facing spaghetti farmers in Switzerland. There were pictures of people picking spaghetti from spaghetti trees and laying it in the sunshine to dry. But the spaghetti farmers were afraid that a late frost would damage the spaghetti crop, and destroy their livelihood.
Fifty years ago, most British people did not know much about Italian food like spaghetti. Many people apparently accepted the documentary at face value. Some people say that it was many years before they found out that spaghetti does not really grow on trees.(No. Spaghetti really does not grow on trees. It was a joke. Alright?)

 

 

 

 

1. Christmas is celebrated on the 25^th of December and…

2. English children play jokes…

3. May is the month…

4. Easter Sunday children…

5. People in the UK go…

6. On that day sons and daughters…

a) … for traditional dancing around the Maypole.

b) … symbolize the birthday of Christ.

c) … or tricks on other people.

d) … to Trafalgar Square to see the fireworks and the fir-tree.

e) … get chocolate eggs and rabbits.

f) … visit their mothers and bring them flowers and presents.

 

1. Christmas is celebrated on the 25^th of December and…

2. English children play jokes…

3. May is the month…

4. Easter Sunday children…

5. People in the UK go…

6. On that day sons and daughters…

a) … for traditional dancing around the Maypole.

b) … symbolize the birthday of Christ.

c) … or tricks on other people.

d) … to Trafalgar Square to see the fireworks and the fir-tree.

e) … get chocolate eggs and rabbits.

f) … visit their mothers and bring them flowers and presents.

 

1. Christmas is celebrated on the 25^th of December and…

2. English children play jokes…

3. May is the month…

4. Easter Sunday children…

5. People in the UK go…

6. On that day sons and daughters…

a) … for traditional dancing around the Maypole.

b) … symbolize the birthday of Christ.

c) … or tricks on other people.

d) … to Trafalgar Square to see the fireworks and the fir-tree.

e) … get chocolate eggs and rabbits.

f) … visit their mothers and bring them flowers and presents.

 

1. Christmas is celebrated on the 25^th of December and…

2. English children play jokes…

3. May is the month…

4. Easter Sunday children…

5. People in the UK go…

6. On that day sons and daughters…

a) … for traditional dancing around the Maypole.

b) … symbolize the birthday of Christ.

c) … or tricks on other people.

d) … to Trafalgar Square to see the fireworks and the fir-tree.

e) … get chocolate eggs and rabbits.

f) … visit their mothers and bring them flowers and presents.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

1. Mother’s Day is celebrated on the 1^st of January.

2. When Big Ben strikes 12 English people drink a toast for New Year.

3. Christmas is marked by setting the fir-tree and decorating it with toys and candles.

4. At Easter people usually dye eggs and exchange them with others.

5. English children like to play jokes and tricks on the 25^th of December.

 

What are the most important national holidays in Russia?

284. What do we celebrate on the 9th of May?

285. When do we celebrate Independence Day?

286. What religious holidays do you know?

287. What is you favourite holiday?

288. What are the most important public holidays in Great Britain?

289. What are the most important public holidays in the United States?

290. Are Christmas and Easter celebrated at the same time in all Christian countries?

291. How is New Year celebrated in your family?

292. Have you got a watch? What time is it now?

293. What are you doing now?

294. What will you be doing this time tomorrow?

295. What were you doing at six o'clock in the evening yesterday?

296. If you were a millionaire, how would you spend your money?

297. If you were free today, where would you spend the day?

298. If friends come to visit you tonight, how will you entertain them?

299. What are you going to do tonight?

300. If you are admitted to this faculty, what specialization would you like to take up?

 

Customs and Traditions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
         There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Summer Bank Holiday. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed.
         The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated.
         Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold a carol service on the Sunday before Christmas.
         The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at the end of their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets.
         Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding. And everyone gives and receives presents. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or perhaps sit at home and watch football.
         New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. But in Scotland, Hogmanay is the biggest festival of the year.
         Besides public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on the 5th of November. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The King's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head.
         Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off fireworks.
         This dummy is called a "guy" (like Guy Fawkes) and children can often be seen in the streets before the 5th of November saying, "Penny for the guy." If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks.
         There are also smaller, local festivals in Britain.
Names
Christmas ['krismas] Day Рождество (25 декабря) New Year's Day Новый год
Boxing ['boksiQ] Day день рождественских подарков (принято дарить подарки)
Good Friday Великая пятница (пятница на страстной неделе)
Easter [1:sta] Monday первый понедельник после Пасхи
May Day майский праздник, праздник весны (отмечается в первое воскресенье мая)
Spring Bank Holiday весенний день отдыха (в мае или начале июня)
Summer Bank Holiday летний день отдыха (в августе или сентябре)
Trafalgar Square [tra;fselga 'skwea] Трафальгарская площадь
Norway ['no-.wei] Норвегия
Father Christmas Рождественский дед, Дед Мороз
Hogmanay ['hogmanei] хогманей, канун Нового года
Guy Fawkes [,gai 'fo:ks] Гай Фокс (глава "Порохового заговора")
the Houses of Parliament ['pavement] здание английского парламента
King James I [,d3eimz da "f3:st] Джеймс I (король
Англии с 1603 no 1625г.)
the Tower ['taua] Тауэр
Vocabulary
Christmas tree рождественская елка
to decorate ['dekareit] украшать
charity ['tfaeriti] благотворительность
carol ['kaeral] кэрол (рождественская песня религиозного содержания, славящая рождение Христа)
service ['saivis] служба (церковная)
to hang (hung) развешивать
stocking t'stokir)] чулок
chimney ftjimni] труба
relative f'relativ] родственник
turkey ['ta:ki] индейка
Christmas pudding ['pudio] рождественский пудинг (с изюмом, цукатами)
to blow up взорвать
to succeed [sak'shd] достигнуть цели, добиться
bomb [bom] бомба
to cut off smb's head отрубить кому-либо голову
to celebrate ['selibreit] праздновать, торжественно отмечать
to burn [Ьз:п] жечь, сжигать
dummy [Шт1] кукла, чучело, манекен
straw [stro:] солома
bonfire ['bonfaia] костер
to let off fireworks ['faiawarks] устроить фейерверк
penny ['peni] пенни, пенс
local ['laukl] местный
Questions
1. Are there many holidays in Great Britain?
2. What is a "bank holiday"?
3. What is the most popular holiday in Britain?
4. When is Christmas celebrated?
5. What are the traditional Christmas songs called in Britain?
6. What do children leave at the end of their beds and why?
7. What do the British do on Boxing Day?
8. What is the name of New Year's Eve in Scotland?
9. When is Guy Fawkes Night celebrated?
10. What do you know about Guy Fawkes?

 

HOLIDAYS IN RUSSIA
         There are many national holidays in Russia, when people all over the country do not work and have special celebrations.
         The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day, and Independence Day.
         The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at midnight on the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock.
         There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
         A renewed holiday in our country is Christmas. It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It's a religious holiday and a lot of people go to church services on that day.
         On the 8th of March we celebrate Women's Day when men are supposed to do everything about the house, cook all the meals and give women flowers.
The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, our army completely defeated the German fascists and the Great Patriotic War ended. We'll never forget our grandfathers and grandmothers who died to defend our Motherland. We honour their memory with a minute of silence and put flowers on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
         Independence Day is a new holiday in our country. On the 12th of June, 1992, the first President of Russia was elected.
         We also celebrate Day of the Defender of Motherland on the 23d of February, Easter, Day of Knowledge and lots of professional holidays which are not public holidays and banks, offices and schools do not close.
Names
Independence [Jndi'pendans] Day День независимости
Father Frost Дед Мороз
Christmas f'krismes] Рождество
Easter ['i:sta] Пасха
Day of the Defender [di'fenda] of Motherland
День защитника Отечества
Day of Knowledge ['пэМз] День знаний
Vocabulary
celebration [,seli'breijn] празднование
major ['meidja] главный
to see the new year in встречать новый год
to greet [gri:t] встречать (возгласами, аплодисментами)
champagne [Jxnrpein] шампанское
chimes [tjaimz] куранты
to beat [bi:t] (beat, beaten) бить, отбивать
a New Year tree новогодняя елка
to glitter ['glita] блестеть, сверкать
to consider [kan'sida] считать
the young молодежь, молодые люди
renewed [ri'nju:d] возобновленный, восстановленный
religious [ri'lidsas] религиозный
service ['sa:vis] служба
men are supposed [sa'pauzd] to... предполагается (подразумевается), что мужчины...
to defeat [di'fi-.t] наносить поражение, разбивать
fascist ['fsejist] фашист
to elect [i'lekt] избирать
public общенародный, общественный
Questions
1. What public holidays are celebrated in Russia?
2. What is your favourite holiday?
3. How is New Year's Day celebrated in your family?
4. Do you see the new year in at home?
5. What New Year traditions do you know?
6. When is Christmas celebrated?
7. What holiday do we celebrate on the 8th of March?
8. What is the greatest national holiday in our country?
9. Why is the 9th of May so sacred (священный) for the Russian people?
10. What other Russian holidays do you know?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Independence Day

 

         On July 4 the Americans celebrate their national holiday — Independence Day. The United States gained independence as a result of gradual and painful process. By the mid 1700's, it became difficult for thirteen British colonies in the New World to be ruled by a king 3000 miles across the ocean. The British empire imposed high taxes upon the colonies.

         In 1774, the First Continental Congress drew up a list of grievances against the British crown. This document was the first draft of the document that would formally separate colonies from England. In 1775, the Revolutionary War began. On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress presented a second draft of the list of grievances. On July 4, the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of independence. But the War of independence lasted until 1783. After the war Independence Day became an official holiday.

         On July 4, Americans have holiday from work. People have day-long picnics with favorite food like hot dogs, hamburgers, potato salad, baked beans. Lively music is heard everywhere. People play baseball or compete at three-legged races or pie-eating or water-melon-eating contests.

         Some cities have parades with people dressed as the original founding fathers who march to the music of high school bands. In the evening people gather to watch firework displays. Wherever Americans are around the globe they will get together to celebrate Independence Day.

Questions:

1. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day?
2. Was the process of gaining independence easy?
3. What was the draft of the Declaration of independence?
4. When was the Declaration of independence approved?
5. Do Americans work on this day?
6. What is the traditional July 4 meal?
7. What activities are popular on this day?

Vocabulary:

independence — независимость
to celebrate — праздновать
gradual — постепенный
painful — болезненный
to impose taxes — облагать налогами
grievance — претензия
draft — проект
Revolutionary War — война за независимость
War of independence = Revolutionary War
Continental Congress — континентальный конгресс
to approve — утвердить
Declaration of independence — Декларация независимости
tree-legged races — бег наперегонки в парах; у каждой
пары две ноги связаны
pie-eating/water-melon-eating contests — соревнование, цель которого съесть как можно больше пирога или арбузов
founding fathers — отцы-основатели
firework — фейерверк

 

Independence Day

Unlike the other countries that formed the part of the erstwhile Soviet Union, Belarusian does not celebrate its Independence Day to honor its freedom from the USSR. Instead, it celebrates the liberation of its capital city, Minsk from the Nazi forces in 1944. Each year the country commemorates this occasion on July 3.

Until 1996, Belarus celebrated its Independence Day on July 27, the day in 1990 when Belarus' Supreme Council official declared the country free from USSR. That changed in 1996 when, through a referendum, people voted to make July 3 the Independence Day of Belarus.

Independence Day is observed as a national holiday in Belarus. The day usually commences with a presidential address, and is followed by honoring the memory of the fallen heroes who fought the Nazi forces in 1944 to proclaim freedom for Minsk. The Independence Day celebrations also include military and civil processions, concerts, and other festivities throughout the country. The day finally comes to an end with a display of fireworks gracing the sky.

Questions:

1. When do Belarus celebrate Independence Day?
2. Was the process of gaining independence easy?
3. What was the draft of the Declaration of independence?
4. When was the Declaration of independence approved?
5. Do people work on this day?
6. What is the traditional July 3 meal?
7. What activities are popular on this day?

Vocabulary:

independence — независимость
to celebrate — праздновать
painful — болезненный

 

 

 

New Year

 

Christmas

 

Independence Day

 

Halloween

 

Easter

 

May Day

 

Mother’s Day

 

April Fool’s Day

 

St.Valentine’s Day

 

Mother's Day

 

Victory Day

 

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