Презентация по английскому языку "The Infinitive"

Примеры:
Спрашивать
Быть спрошенным

a non-finite form of the verb

has a double nature: nominal and verbal

the formal sign of the infinitive is the particle to

A subject
A part of a predicative
A part of a compound verbal predicate
An object
An attribute
An adverbial modifier

They want to invite him.
I like to go there.

Passive:
They want to be invited there.
He hopes to be offered a promotion.

Active:

Continuous Infinitivedescribes an action happening now

Active:
They must be working now.

with verbs:
Seem, appear, believe, know, claim, expect

Active:
Steve seems to have gone to a lot of places.
He claims to have met the Queen.
Passive:
John appears to have been offered a job.
The book seems to have been translated.

Perfect Continuous Infinitiveemphases the duration of the action

Active:
He looks tired. He seems to have been working all morning.

SA: Have they been sleeping?
SB: No, they seem not to have been sleeping.

Are they running?

Has he lost his keys?

Are they building the house?

Has he hurt his knee?

Is he painting the picture?

1
This is not the book to be found in any library.
He has no desire to be appointed to this post.

2
The amount to be paid includes the cost of packing.

3
The first
The second
The third
The last


He was the first to go away.

4
after nouns, pronouns, some, any, no

He brought me a book to read.
Give me something to drink.
It’s a pleasure to work with you.

To smoke is bad for health.
To do it is to help them.

After adjectives
cold, difficult, easy, simple, desirable, angry, happy, glad etc.

It is important to tell them the truth.

With it + be + adjective (+ of + object)
It was nice of him to remember my birthday.

With “only” to express unsatisfactory result
He called me only to say that he would be late.

After in order to, so as, so as not
I’ll write down the telephone number so as not
to be late.

enough, too, so+adj+as
He is clever enough to do such things.
She’s too tired to go out.

As if, as though
She waved her hands as if to say good bye.

His great desire is to visit England.

My first duty is to study well.

The thing to do was to stay calm.

For me to go there is impossible.
That was for you to find out.
The teacher asked for the papers to be brought.
The best thing for you to do is to forgive her.
I stepped aside for the car to go by.
She spoke loud for you to hear.

It is said – говорят
It is reported – сообщают
It seems – кажется
It is likely – вероятно

It is said that they know Chinese well.


They are said to know Chinese well.

was heard
was made
He is expected to speak English
was known
is said

He is supposed to return tomorrow
was to have returned
to be working now
to have been working
here for many years

is used in Passive Voice with the verbs:

To see, to hear, to order, to cause, to allow, to expect, to know, to suppose, to report, to announce, to believe, to consider, to regard

The book was expected to have been published by the summer of 1999.

seem, appear – казаться, по-видимому
prove, turn out, appear, happen – оказаться
happen – случаться, случайно

The child seemed to be sleeping.
The task proved (to be) very difficult.
He happened to be here when I came.

He is likely (вероятно)
is unlikely (маловероятно) to
is sure (конечно) return
is certain (несомненно, наверно)

He is unlikely to come.

want
ask
order


Know, believe=suppose, expect, find consider,
think, mean

We suppose him to return home early.
We find your research work (to be) very interesting.

To do
To be done

To begin with – начать с того…
To cut a long story short – короче говоря
To make a long story short – короче говоря
To put it mildly – мягко выражаясь
To tell the truth – по правде говоря
To say nothing of – не говоря уже о
To say the least of it – чтобы не сказать больше
To speak quite frankly – откровенно говоря

Memorize the expressions:

He is hard to please. - Ему трудно угодить.
She is pleasant to look at. – У нее привлекательная внешность.
I have something to tell you. - Мне надо вам кое-что сказать.
There is nothing to be done. - Ничего не поделаешь.
The house is to let. – Дом сдается внаем.
Who is to blame? – Кто виноват?
There is nothing left to do but left. – Единственное, что остается – это ждать.

After auxiliary verbs (shall, will, do etc)
After modal verbs (except ought)
After verbs denoting sense perception: to hear, to see, to feel, to know etc
After the verb to let
After the verb to make
After the expressions had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but, nothing but
In sentences beginning with why

1. Практическая грамматика английского языка, К.Н.Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич, Москва, Дело Лтд-СТРИКС, 1994.
2. English Grammar, Reference and Practice, Т.Ю. Дроздова, А.И. Берестова, В.Г. Маилова, изд-во Химера, Санк-Петербург, 2000.
3. English Grammar, Глагол The Verb, Г.А.Эпштейн, Н.М. Казанская, Санк-Петербург, «КАРО», 2001.
4. http://imm2000.ltd.ua/sport07.htm
5. http://www.spletnik.ru/buzz/chronicle/20450-lou-vs-frost-pobeda-za-dzhudom.html
6. http://smerkis.blog.ru/?year=2009&page=3
7. http://lori.ru/205511
8. http://zhitzdorowo.ru/health-children/174-perelomy-sinyaki-i-rastyazheniya-u-detey.html
9. http://forum.materinstvo.ru/index.php?showtopic=480298&st=33
10. http://ru.123rf.com/photo_830543_young-businessman-is-waiting-in-the-airport-waiting-hal-and-he-checks-the-time-on-his-watch.html
11. http://blog.mansberns.lv/lang/ru/page/5/
12. http://ru.123rf.com/photo_7955158_young-woman-tired-from-work-in-the-internet-and-went-to-sleep.html