Презентация к уроку английского языка " From the History of Building "

The project has been done by the students from the group 11C-22 Lifanova Helen Savina Tatyana checked up by Kolesnikova E.N.

FROM THE HISTORY 0F BUILDING Many thousands of years ago there were no houses such as people live in today. In hot countries- people sometimes made their homes in the trees and used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries they dwelt in caves. Later people left their caves and trees began to build houses of different materials such as mud, wood or stones. Later people found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine became almost as hard as stones. In ancient Egypt especially, people learned the use of these sun-dried mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. They erected temples , palaces and huge tombs. The greatest tomb is the stone pyramid of Khufu king of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians often erected their huge buildings without thinking of their usefulness. The ancient Greeks also understood the art, of building with cut stone, and their buildings were beautiful as well as useful. They often used pillars, partly for supporting the roofs and partly for decoration. Parts -of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece. During the last hundred years many new methods of building have been discovered. One of the most recent discoveries is the usefulness of steel as a building, the frame of it is first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is an artificial king of stone, much cheaper than brick or natural stone and much stronger than they are.

to use leaves­ использовать  листья House­ ДОМ Many thousands of years ago there were no houses such as people live in  today.  In  hot  countries  people  sometimes  made  their  homes  in  trees  and  used leaves to protect themselves from rain or sun. In colder countries they  dwelt in caves.  to dwell in caves­ ЖИТЬ В ПЕЩЕРЕ  ,ОБИТАТЬ to protect­ЗАЩИЩАТЬ

stones-камни to build houses of different materials- СТРОИТЬ ДОМА ИЗ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ Later people left their caves and trees and began to build houses of different materials such as mud, wood or stones. People found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine became almost as hard as stones. Wood - древесина   Mud – речная глина,  ил, грязь

In ancient Egypt – в древнем Египте ancient Egyptians- древние Египтяне In ancient Egypt especially, people learned the use of these sun dried mud bricks. Some of their buildings are still standing after several thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes. They erected temples, palaces and huge tombs. The greatest tomb is the stone pyramid of Khufu, Pharaoh of Egypt. Pharaon, king of Egypt – фараон  Tomb – Надгробный памятник, гробница

They erected temples , palaces and huge tombs. Temple -храм palace- дворец huge tombs- огромные гробницы

the art of building with cut stone –  ИСКУССТВО  КАМНЕОБРАБОТКИ   Beautiful ­  КРАСИВЫЙ Useful­  ПОЛЕЗНЫЙ The ancient Greeks also understood the art of building with cut stone, and  their  buildings  were  beautiful  as  well  as  useful.  They  often  used  pillars,  partly  for  supporting  the  roofs  and  partly  for  decoration.  Parts  of  these  ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece. for supporting the  roofs – ДЛЯ  ПОДЕРЖКИ КРЫШ  Decoration­ УКРАШЕНИЕ  Pillar­  КОЛОННА Partly – ЧАСТИЧНО

Part­ЧАСТЬ Buildings­ ЗДАНИЯ        Parts of these ancient buildings can still be seen today in Greece. During­ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ  ,ВО ВРЕМЯ       During the last hundred years many new methods of building have been  discovered.  to discover­  ОБНАРУЖИТЬ, НАЙТИ  new methods of  building­ НОВЫЕ  МЕТОДЫ  СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

y ­   В   s N o w a d a Н А С Т О Я Щ Е Е   В Р Е М Я tall building­  ВЫСОКОЕ  ЗДАНИЕ Steel­  СТАЛЬ Concrete­  БЕТОН Nowadays when it is necessary to have a very tall building, the frame of it is  first built in steel and then the building is completed in concrete. Concrete is  an  artificial  kind  of  stone,  much  cheaper  than  brick  or  natural  stone  and  much stronger that they are.  artificial kind of  stone­  ИСКУССТВЕННАЯ  РАЗНОВИДНОСТЬ  КАМНЯ Brick­ КИРПИЧ Cheap­  ДЕШОВЫЙ  natural stone­ НАТУРАЛЬНЫЙ  КАМЕНЬ

Wall- стена Roof-крыша Beam-балка Floor- пол

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