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Russia - the largest country in the world
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the
world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth’s
surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and t
he northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17
million square kilometres..
The current population of Russia is
more than 145 million people.
• Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of the St
ate is the President. The legislative powers are
exercised by the Duma.
• The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest politic
al, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It isone of
the oldest Russian cities.
The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 o
ceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the At
lantic. In the south
Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Kor
ea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaija
n. In the west it
borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic
States,
Byelorussia and Ukraine. It also has a s
ea-border with the USA.
• There is hardly a country in the world
where
such a variety of scenery and vegeta
tion can be found. We have hills
in the south, plains and forests in the
midland, tundra and taiga in the nort
h, highlands and deserts in the east.
• There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian
Plain and the West Siberian Lowland.
There are several mountain chains on the territory of the
country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and
others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates
• Europe from Asia.
• There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s bigge
st river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian
Sea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and th
e Lena — flow from the south to the north.
The Amur in the Far East flows into Pacific Ocean.
• Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world’s deepest lake
• (1600 meters) is Lake Baikal. It is much
smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it tha
n in the Baltic Sea. The water in the
lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on
• the bottom.
Russia has one-
sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the Europ
ean north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of
climate, from arctic in the north to
subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climat
e is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural ga
s, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.