Рабочий лист по английскому языку на тему Active and Passive Safety in Vehicles

Worksheet

Active and Passive Safety in Vehicles

Keywords:

- Active Safety - Passive Safety - Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) - Electronic Stability Control (ESC) - Traction Control System (TCS) - Adaptive Cruise Control - Airbags - Seat Belts - Crumple Zones - Reinforced Structures

1. In today's world, the safety of vehicles is a major concern for both manufacturers and drivers. Understanding the concepts of active and passive safety in transportation is essential for developing safer vehicles. Active and passive safety systems work together to protect passengers and reduce the risk of accidents. In this text, we will define active and passive safety, discuss their components, and highlight some important systems that enhance vehicle safety.

2. Active safety refers to systems and features in a vehicle that prevent accidents from occurring. These systems help drivers maintain control of the vehicle and avoid potential dangers on the road. Some key components of active safety include: - Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): This system prevents the wheels from locking during braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. - Electronic Stability Control (ESC): ESC helps prevent skidding and loss of control by automatically applying brakes to individual wheels. - Traction Control System (TCS): TCS prevents wheel spin during acceleration, especially on slippery surfaces. - Adaptive Cruise Control: This system automatically adjusts the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe distance from the car in front. These active safety systems are designed to assist drivers in avoiding accidents and responding effectively to potential hazards.

3. Passive safety, on the other hand, refers to features that protect passengers during an accident. These systems are designed to minimize injury when a collision occurs. There are two main types of passive safety: - External Passive Safety: This includes features that protect occupants during a crash. Examples are crumple zones, which absorb energy during a collision, and reinforced structures that prevent the cabin from collapsing. - Internal Passive Safety: This focuses on protecting passengers inside the vehicle. Key components include airbags, seat belts, and head restraints, which help reduce injury during an impact. Passive safety works to protect passengers after an accident has occurred, making it an essential aspect of vehicle design.

4. Both active and passive safety systems are crucial for modern vehicles. Active safety features help prevent accidents, while passive safety features protect passengers in the event of a collision. Understanding these safety systems is essential for anyone working in the field of automotive technology. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more effective safety systems in the vehicles of the future.

Post-Text Activities

1. Questions about the Text:

- What is the main difference between active and passive safety?

- Name two systems included in active safety.

- What does passive safety focus on?

- How do crumple zones contribute to vehicle safety?

2. Gap Filling: Fill in the blanks with correct words:

- Active safety systems help prevent __________.

- Passive safety systems protect passengers during an __________.

- The _________ system prevents wheels from locking during braking.

3. True/False: Read the statements and write "True" or "False". Correct the false ones.

- Active safety features include airbags and seat belts.

- Passive safety systems only work during an accident.

- Electronic Stability Control helps prevent skidding.

4. Make Sentences Out of Words: Rearrange the words to make correct sentences.

- (essential / for / safety / active / systems / vehicle)

- (during / protect / passive / systems / an / accident / passengers)

- (control / maintain / to / brakes / driver / the / anti-lock / allows)

5. Choose the Main Idea: Select the sentence that best summarizes the text.

- A. Active safety systems help drivers.

- B. Both active and passive safety systems are vital for vehicle safety.

- C. Passive safety systems are only necessary after an accident.

- D. Vehicles should not have safety systems.

6. Check-list: Choose the items mentioned in the text.

- [ ] Seat belts

- [ ] Air conditioning

- [ ] Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

- [ ] Crumple zones

- [ ] Sound systems

7. Match Question with Answer: Connect the questions with the correct answers.

8. Headings: Match the headings to the relevant sections of the text.