МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ ИНСТИТУТ СТРУКТУРНОЙ МАКРОКИНЕТИКИ И ПРОБЛЕМ 

МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЯ им. А.Г. МЕРЖАНОВА РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ЧЕРНОГОЛОВКА)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ТАМБОВСКИЙ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» (ТАМБОВ)

НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ «МОСКОВСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ СТАЛИ И СПЛАВОВ» (МОСКВА)

XVII                     ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ ШКОЛА – СЕМИНАР ПО СТРУКТУРНОЙ МАКРОКИНЕТИКЕ ДЛЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ  ИМЕНИ АКАДЕМИКА А.Г. МЕРЖАНОВА

Сборник научных материалов

16-18 октября 2019 г.

Черноголовка – 2019

XVII Всероссийская с международным участием школа – семинар по структурной макрокинетике для молодых ученых имени академика А.Г. Мержанова. Черноголовка. 16-18 октября 2019 г. / Сборник материалов. - Черноголовка, ИСМАН. – 2019. – 215 с.

ISBN 978-5-9907575-2-3

Сборник подготовлен по материалам, предоставленным авторами  в электронном виде, и сохраняет авторскую редакцию.  За содержание предоставленных материалов  организаторы ответственности не несут.

  В сборнике помещены программа и материалы XVII Всероссийской с международным участием школы-семинара по структурной макрокинетике для молодых ученых имени академика А.Г. Мержанова. Темы докладов охватывают широкий круг проблем, связанных с исследованиями в области макрокинетики процессов горения и взрыва, самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза, применения этих процессов для получения новых материалов, а также связанных с этой областью современных проблем материаловедения, термодинамики, химической кинетики и металлургии.

 Сборник представляет интерес для научных работников, студентов высших учебных заведений, аспирантов, инженерно-технического персонала, связанного с разработкой новых конструкционных и функциональных материалов.

© Авторы публикаций, 2019

© Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки  Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения  им. А.Г. Мержанова Российской академии наук, 2019

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СHEMICALS AND THE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY - BIOLOGY OF SEED GERMINATION HIEMS TRITICUM

Akmullaeva A.S., Kanaev A.T., Baimyrzaev K.M., Askarbekova K.B.

Research Institute of Biotechnology Problems, Zhetysu State University named after I. Zhansugurova,Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan,[email protected]

DOI: 10.24411/9999-004A-2019-10074   

Winter wheat (Hiems triticum) - Winter crops sown in autumn; before the onset of winter, they germinate, and in the spring they continue their life cycle and ripen somewhat earlier than spring crops - annual crops sown in the spring. Winter varieties, as a rule, give a higher yield (due to the use of moisture reserves in the soil in early spring), but they can be grown only in areas with high snow cover and mild winters. Winter plants have two stages of active vegetation separated in time: autumn (45-50 days) and spring-summer (from 75 days the next year). Between these periods, the seedlings spend the winter in a dormant state.

We set a goal: To study the morphology and biology of germination of seed material Hiems triticum.

The object of the study was the seed material of winter wheat., Collected in 2018.The study of germination and seed germination energy was carried out according to the guidelines of M.S. Zorina, S.P. Kabanova and M.V. Maltseva. When studying seed germination, the following phases were taken into account: pecking, emergence of the germinal root, removal of cotyledon leaves and their expansion, the appearance of the first pair of real leaves and their opening. In laboratory conditions, the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on 2 layers of filter paper moistened with distilled water. Seed was germinated in the light and in the dark. The determination of the weight of 100 pieces of seeds was carried out in accordance with the method of S.S. Lischuk. The morphology of seeds and seedlings was examined using a microscope at a magnification of 10-40 times. Statistical processing of the results was carried out according to the method of N. L. Udolskaya.

Based on the studies of morphometric parameters and weight indicators of seeds of Niems triticum - winter wheat, which were collected in 2018, the stem is thinwalled, grains are glassy, mealy, the color can vary from white to dark brown. Seed length is 1-1.5 mm, width - 0.5 mm. The surface of the seed is smooth. Color from light brown to dark brown. Weight 100 pieces 4.24 g.

We have studied the biology of the germination of Hiems triticum in the light. Sticking of seeds was observed on the 2nd – 3rd day — on the narrowed part, a white germinal root 1 mm long with a well-defined root cover appeared. After 4 days, the length of the hypocotyl was 1.2 mm, up to 1 mm in diameter, the spine extends to 2.2

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mm. On the 4th day of germination, the light green hypocotyl lengthens to 1.5 mm, bends and makes cotyledonous leaves.

We also studied the biology of the germination of Hiems triticum in the dark. Seeding of seeds was observed on the 2nd – 3rd day — a white germinal root 1–1.5 mm long with a well-defined root cover appears on the narrowed part. After 4-5 days, the length of the hypocotyl is 3.5 mm, up to 1 mm in diameter, the spine extends to 5.5 mm. The light yellow hypocotyl lengthens, bends and tolerates cotyledon leaves.

Thus, the features of germination and germination of a winter wheat seed variety have been studied. It has been established that germination in wheat is aerial. Phases such as the appearance of the main root, exit and lengthening of the hypocotyl, removal and unfolding of the cotyledon, the appearance and disclosure of the first pair of true leaves are observed.

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