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There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2 million Americans self-reported some degree of Scottish descent. Ulster's Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent, and it is estimated that there are more than 27 million descendants of the Scots-Irish migration now living in the US. In Canada, the Scottish-Canadian community accounts for 4.7 million people. About 20% of the original European settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland.
DemographicsThe population of Scotland at the 2001
Census was 5,062,011. This rose to
5,295,400, the highest ever, at the 2011
Census.
In the 2011 Census, 62% of Scotland's
population stated their national identity as
'Scottish only', 18% as 'Scottish and British',
8% as 'British only', and 4% chose other
national identities.
Although Edinburgh is the capital of
Scotland, the largest city is Glasgow, which
has just over 584,000 inhabitants. The
Greater Glasgow conurbation, with a population of almost 1.2 million, is home to nearly a quarter of
Scotland's population. The Central Belt is where most of the main towns and cities are located,
including Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and Perth. Scotland's only major city outside the Central Belt
is Aberdeen.
In general, only the more accessible and larger islands retain inhabited. Currently, fewer than 90
remain inhabited. The Southern Uplands are essentially rural in nature and dominated by agriculture
and forestry. Because of housing problems in Glasgow and Edinburgh, five new towns were created
between 1947 and 1966. They are East Kilbride, Glenrothes, Livingston, Cumbernauld, and Irvine.
Immigration since World War II has given Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee small South Asian
communities. In 2011, there were an estimated 49,000 ethnically Pakistani people living in Scotland,
making them the largest nonWhite ethnic group. Since the Enlargement of the European Union more
people from Central and Eastern Europe have moved to Scotland, and the 2011 census indicated that
61,000 Poles live there.
Scotland has three officially recognised languages: English, Scots, and Scottish Gaelic. Scottish
Standard English, a variety of English as spoken in Scotland, is at one end of a bipolar linguistic
continuum, with broad Scots at the other. Scottish Standard English may have been influenced to
varying degrees by Scots. The 2011 census indicated that 63% of the population had "no skills in
Scots".Others speak Highland English. Gaelic is mostly spoken in the Western Isles, where a largeproportion of people still speak it; however, nationally its use is confined to just 1% of the population.
The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland dropped from 250,000 in 1881 to 60,000 in 2008.
There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of
Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2 million Americans selfreported some degree of Scottish descent.
Ulster's Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent, and it is estimated that there are
more than 27 million descendants of the ScotsIrish migration now living in the US. In Canada, the
ScottishCanadian community accounts for 4.7 million people. About 20% of the original European
settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland.