188           SUBJECT AREA REVIEWS

3.      They have housesin the country and in the city.

4.      He is not only industriousingenious.

5.      Her children have American cousins Spanish ones.

6.      Their European tour includes  Germany and Austria but also Switzerland.

7.      He bandaged the arm both tightlyquickly.

8.      Clark not only practices lawteaches it.

9.      Tom Tryon was a playwrightan actor.

10.   The bride's bouquet included rosesorchids.

27. KNOW/KNOW HOW

Study the following rules concerning the use of the verb know. Know how is usually used to indicate that one has the skill or ability to do something. Thus, it is usually followed by a verb, and when it is, the verb must be in the infinitive.

Know by itself, on the other hand, is usually followed by a noun, a prepositional phrase, or a sentence.

Bill knows how to play tennis well.

Maggie and her sister know how to prepare Chinese food.

Do you know how to get to Jerry's house from here?

Jason knew the answer to the teacher's question.

No one knows about Roy's accepting the new position. I didn't know that you were going to France.

                                                                                                                            GRAMMAR REVIEW                  189

Exercise 41: Know/ Know How

Choose the correct form of know or know how in these sentences.

1.    The fourth gradersto multiply.

2.    How many people hereto ski?

3.    about Mary's engagement to James.

4.    The chemistry studentsthe formula for salt.

5.    Although he has been driving for fifteen years, he doesn't to change a tire properly.

6.    Leonthat his friends would react to his proposition. 7. Nobodyto get to the turnpike yesterday.

8.      The owner of the store was away, but sheabout the robbery.

9.      Weto type before we entered the university.

10.   He doesn'tto dance, but he tries.

28. CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

Clauses of concession (yielding) show a contrast beF,veen F,vo ideas. They are introduced by although, even though, though, despite, or in spite of

DESPITE/IN sprrE OF

These are prepositions which can be used interchangeably. They mean the same as although, etc.; however, the grammar is different. They can go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.

^Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

^In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

190             SUBJECT AREA REVIEWS

Jane will be admitted to the university despite hèr bad grades.

Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades.

ALTHOUGH/EVEN THOUGH/ THOUGH

These are subordinate conjunctions used to connect two clauses. Notice how the grammar is different from that of despite and in spite of

Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades.

Additional examples of phrases and clauses of concession:

In spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic.

noun phrase

The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to.

subject + verb

Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic.

subject + verb

The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections.

noun phrase

Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.

subject + verb

She attended the class although she did not feel alert.

subject + verb

                                                                         GRAMMAR REVIEW    191

Exertise 42: Clauses of Concession

Change these sentences to incorporate the expressions in parentheses.

1.     Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.

(although)

2.     Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying. (in spite of)

3.     In spite of Marcy's sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (although)

4.     We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy. (despite)

5.     Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children. (even though)

6.     Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (in spite of)

7.     Nancy told me the secret, despite having promised not to do so.

(though)

8.     We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize. (even though)

9.     In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday. (even though)

10.  He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet. (in spite of)

²⁹, PROBLEM VERBS

The verbs lie/lay, rise/raise, and sit/set cause problems even for ^native English speakers. The solution to the problem is to remem^ber which verbs are transitive (verbs that take a complement) and ^which are intransitive (verbs that do not take a complement).