ict

Lesson 1.

What is information. Information processes

Objectives: to acquaint students with the concept of information, information

processes; teach to give examples of information processes in

nature, society and technology.

Requirements for knowledge and skills:

Students should know:

- what is information, information processes.

Students should be able to:

- give examples of information processes in nature, technology and

society.

Didactic software: posters, diagrams, drawings.

During the classes

I. Setting Lesson Objectives

1. Why does the term "circle" have one definition, and the term "in-

formation "a lot?

2. What processes can be called informational?

3. Does the door lock handle information?

II. Homework check

III. Presentation of new material

1. Introduction of the concept of "information"

You are all well aware of the picture of the world around you. His

the most important entities are matter, energy and information. On the

in the previous lesson, you wrote down what "information" is with the proviso that

it is just a concept, not a strict definition. You were also told

but that science uses concepts in cases where different people

different circumstances put different meanings into them.

Information is such a general and deep concept that it cannot

explain in one phrase. This word has different meanings in technology,

science, life.

Therefore, we will consider the concept of information from different points of view and pop-

we try to identify common features.

Exercise 1

Ask the children to try to articulate the concept of information in

various sciences. Hint:

* mathematics: information is information that a person has created with

by inference;

* biology: information is the human genetic code;

In everyday life: information is information, message, awareness

on the state of affairs; 57

In the explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov, information is:

* information about the world around and the processes taking place in it,

perceived by a person or a special device.

* messages informing about the state of affairs, about the state of something

something.

Similarly, talk about the concept of information in computer science in the form of dia-

log using the following leading questions:

1. Who or what works with information from a computer science point of view?

(Answer: man and computer.)

2. What does information mean to a person? (This is his knowledge and information about

the surrounding world.)

3. What is information in terms of computing? (It

signals.)

Thus, information in computer science is:

Information (from the Latin information - "information, clarification,

presentation ") is human knowledge (declarative -" I know that ... "and

procedural - "I know how ..."), which he receives from the environment

of the world and which implements with the help of computers.

So, in different scientific disciplines and in different fields of technology, there is

There are different concepts of information. But there are common features that combine

There are different approaches to this.

Exercise 2

Ask the children to find these similarities using leading questions:

1. What needs to be done for the information to appear? (Create, find,

search, collect.)

2. I have some information (text of the letter, tasks, picture in

memory, melody in the "head", the code to the safe). What can I do with her?

(Transfer, distribute, use, copy, share.)

3. Is there a situation in which I cannot convey it? (Interference.)

4. What can you do with the information your friend has? (By-

radiate, destroy, simplify.)

5. What needs to be done to compare several information (words

live two numbers, translate text from English into Russian, decipher

DNA code, make a collage, get a law of physics, make a diagnosis)?

(Process, transform.)

6.With the help of which information is transmitted (text of the letter, video,

painting, DNA code, class list, rock paintings, computer

program)? (Paper, cassette, gene, cool magazine, stone, hard

disk.)

7. How the information reaches the recipient (text, melody, picture,

email)? (Air, telecommunication channels.)

Conclusion: the concept of information in all areas without exception

involves the creation, transmission, processing and storage of information. All

these processes are called informational.57

2. Information processes

Remembering the definition of computer science (point again to it), you

understand that just information processes are the subject of information

formatics. How does the transfer, storage and processing of information take place?

The transfer, processing and storage of information takes place in the form

signals or signs. Signals can be divided into several types:

* by physical nature (electromagnetic, light, thermal, sound

kovy, mechanical, biochemical);

* by the way of perception (visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory,

painful, physiological).

Signs can be considered the alphabet of any language, signs of sign language,

any codes or ciphers, notes, etc.

Let's consider separately the transfer, processing and storage of information

tion.

Information transfer occurs according to the following scheme:

Communication channel (examples)

Information ------------------- ► Information

(examples) Interference (examples)

(examples)

Explanation: examples are provided by students and written on the diagram.

Information processing is the receipt of some information objects

from others by performing some actions.

The model of this process:

Input information Output

(information that Processing (transform- information

receives a person or → ny) information → (new)

device) + stock

available knowledge and

experience

Interference, noise

Exercise # 3

Perform information processing and draw a diagram for the next step

dacha: “In ancient times, people decided that each digit from 1 to 9 corresponds

The sun or planet of the solar system: 1 - the sun, 2 - the moon, 3 - Mars, 4 -

Mercury, 5 - Jupiter, 6 - Venus, 7 - Saturn, 8 - Uranus, 9 - Neptune.

By sequentially adding the digits of your date of birth, you can determine

"My" planet.

10/24/1989 = 2 + 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 9 + 8 + 9 = 34 = 3 + 4 = 7-Saturn

input processing output57

Explanation of the exercise: write the condition of the problem on the board in advance;

students define each "their" planet in a notebook and the result

announced aloud.

Human development would not have been possible without the preservation of knowledge. IN

As a result, we know so much about the past centuries. Human mind

is the most perfect tool for understanding the world. And memory

a person is an excellent device for storing received information.

For information to become the property of many people, you must have

the ability to store it in addition to the memory of one person. What is needed

or a material object designed to store information -

information carrier.

The storage of information is its accumulation on various media.

Information carrier is a medium for recording and storing information:

* any material object;

* waves of different nature;

* acoustic media;

* electromagnetic carriers;

* gravitational carriers;

* substance in a different state;

• computer media.

Exercise 4

Give examples of storage media and write down a few of

them. Hint:

* walls of caves, rocks;

* knots on the rope;

* clay, wood, wax tablets, leather, papyrus, birch bark and

paper;

* printed books;

* photo and film;

*magnetic tape;

* magnetic and optical CDs;

* light wave;

*temperature;

* pressure, etc.

But just storing information isn't enough. It is necessary

organize to quickly find the information you need. Examples

organized storage of information are a notebook,

table of contents in the book, dictionaries, schedule, catalogs. This is most effective

organized storage of information.

Exercise 5

Consider examples of information processes by completing the following-

See table.57

Exercise 6

Give examples of processes that lack direct

actions with information (verbally). (It's snowing, the mole is digging the ground, passenger

gets luggage, people sunbathe on the beach.)

IV. Consolidation of the learned

Let's go back to the questions posed at the beginning of the lesson. Answer them more

time.

V. Lesson summary

Evaluate class performance and name students who excelled in class.

Homework

Knowledge level: know the definitions of information, information

processes, management. Be able to draw and explain diagrams of systems with a

closed connection and with feedback.

Level of understanding: complete table 1 to the end and supplement it with your

interesting examples of information processes.

Transfer 1de

kept

(carrier)

How to handle

Source process

to

accept

to

yes (possible interference)

1 Animals guarding

your territory,

leave odorous

tags

Label Other

animal

Plant Another animal compares to its

smell and concludes that the smell is not his

2 We watch the news

on TV

TV We Videotape

and

3

The bank has

data on their

depositors

Base

data

"Contribution-

chiki "

Bank

clerk

On disks

computer

or on paper

Processor according to a special program

4

Petya solves the problem

mathematics

Textbook

math

tics

Petya On paper in

form of text

Using mathematical actions

five

Petya plays in com-

puter game

Computer

ter

Petya On disk in

form of

grams

Processor according to a special program

6

Bat

focuses on

wandering, emitting

ultrasonic

waves

Obstacle

your

Mouse Obstacle

I am

Mouse brain

7 Automatic

flight control

rockets

Computer

ter

Rocket Instruments On-board computer

8 Opening the door

key

Key Lock Shaped

key

If the key shape matches the shape

openings of the lock, then the key in the lock is turned

vyetsya57

Application level: solve problems:

Guess the rule by which the sequence is drawn, and

continue it:

A) 2, 2, 4.8, 32, 256.8192 ...

B) p, c, s, h, p, s,….

B) 1, 11.21, 1211, 111221,312211, 13112221, ....

D) 1 -0, 8 - 2, 16 - 1, 1990 - 3, 1989-4, 100 - 2.7 - 0, 23 -0.

2. There are two hourglasses: 3 minutes and 8 minutes. For

preparation of the elixir of immortality, it must be cooked for exactly 7 minutes. how

do it?

3. There are 3,4,5 and 6 coins, one of which is counterfeit.

Come up with a way to find a fake coin for a minimum

number of weighings on a pan scale without weights.

4. There are 1000 coins, one of which is counterfeit (lighter than the others).

Think of a way to find a counterfeit coin in 7 weighings on

weighing scales without weights. Prove that you can't think of a way to

This guarantees that the counterfeit coin is found in 6 weighings.