Тема 11.

ПСКОВСКАЯ ГУБЕРНИЯ

В ПЕРИОД  ГЕРМАНСКОЙ

ИНТЕРВЕНЦИИ И ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ

ВОЙНЫ (1918–1920 гг.)

ƎƻƽljƮƭƾưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵƹƵƵƺƿƲƽƯƲƺƿƭƹƵƯư

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ǁƲƯƽƭƸnjưƺƭƽƭƾDžƵƽƲƺƺƻƹƴƭƾƲƱƭƺƵƵƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭƱƾƷƻưƻƞƻƯƲƿƭƮLjƸ ƻưƸƭDžƲƺ ƑƲƷƽƲƿƯƻƴƴƯƭƺƵƲ ƞƻƯƺƭƽƷƻƹƭ nƞƻǃƵƭƸƵƾƿƵDŽƲƾƷƻƲ ƛƿƲDŽƲƾƿƯƻ Ư ƻƼƭƾƺƻƾƿƵ~ƛƺƻƿƽƲƮƻƯƭƸƻƺƭƼƽƭƯƵƿljƯƾƲƾƵƸLjƵƾƽƲƱƾƿƯƭƾƿƽƭƺLjƺƭƱƲƸƻƽƲƯƻƸNjǃƵ ƻƺƺƻƶƻƮƻƽƻƺLjƵƴƭdžƵdžƭƿljnƷƭƳƱǀNjƼƻƴƵǃƵNjƱƻƼƻƾƸƲƱƺƲƶƷƭƼƸƵƷƽƻƯƵ~Əƿƻƿ ƳƲ ƱƲƺlj ƗƻƹƵƿƲƿ ƽƲƯƻƸNjǃƵƻƺƺƻƶ ƻƮƻƽƻƺLj ƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭƱƭ ƽƲDžƵƸ ƻƽưƭƺƵƴƻƯƭƿlj ƱƯƭ ƻƿƽnjƱƭƼƻDŽƲƸƱƸnjƻƿƼƽƭƯƷƵƵǂƼƻƱƜƾƷƻƯƵƝƲƯƲƸljƍƯƜƾƷƻƯƲƮLjƸƻƽưƭƺƵ ƴƻƯƭƺƏƻƲƺƺƻƽƲƯƻƸNjǃƵƻƺƺLjƶƷƻƹƵƿƲƿƻƮƻƽƻƺLjƯƾƻƾƿƭƯƲƎƜƜƻƴƲƽƺƭƗƏƐƲnj ƍcƍcƕƯƭƺƻƯƭƙƜƠDžƭƽƺƻƯƭƵƱƽƜƲƽƯƻƺƭDŽƭƸljƺƻƯǀƾƸƻƯƵnjǂǂƭƻƾƭǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵƲ ƷƽƭƾƺƻƭƽƹƲƶƾƷƵǂƻƿƽnjƱƻƯDžƸƻƷƽƭƶƺƲƹƲƱƸƲƺƺƻǁƲƯƽƭƸnjƯƱƻƷƸƭƱƲƺƭƽƷƻƹǀ ƚcƕcƜƻƱƯƻƶƾƷƻƹǀƻƿƹƲDŽƭƸƻƾljDŽƿƻƼƻƱưƻƿƻƯƷƭƷƻƮƻƽƻƺƲƜƾƷƻƯƭƵƱƲƿƾƸƭƮƻnȢƏ ƽƭƶƻƺƲƜƾƷƻƯƭƹƻƮƵƸƵƴƭǃƵnjƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵnjƼƽƻƵƴƯƻƱƵƿƾnjƺƻƼƻƾƸƲƱƺƲƲƻƿƺƻƾƵƿƾnjƱƯƻ njƷƻƮƻƸljDžƭnjDŽƭƾƿljƽƭƯƺƻƱǀDžƺƭƮǀƽƳǀƭƴƵnjȗƾƷƻƽƲƲƱƭƳƲƾƻDŽǀƯƾƿƯǀƲƿƺƲƹǃƭƹƓƲ ƸƲƴƺƻƱƻƽƻƳƺƵƷƵƺƲƼƻƯƵƺǀNjƿƾnj~ƜƽƻǃƲƾƾNJƿƻƿǀƾƷƻƽƵƸƾnjƾƵƴƱƭƺƵƲƹƻƴƺƭDŽƲƺƺƻưƻ ƑƲƷƽƲƿƭƻƿǁƲƯƽƭƸnjȗǁƲƯƽƭƸnjƼƻƯƾƲƹƲƾƿƺƻƽƭƴƯƲƽƺǀƸƭƾljƹƭƾƾƻƯƭnjƷƭƹƼƭ ƺƵnjƼƻƯƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵNjƱƻƮƽƻƯƻƸljǃƲƯƯƗƽƭƾƺǀNjƍƽƹƵNjƼƽƻǂƻƱƵƸƭƻƺƭƿƭƷƳƲƯƜƾƷƻƯƲ ƵǀƲƴƱƺLjǂưƻƽƻƱƭǂưǀƮƲƽƺƵƵƟƻƸljƷƻƯƜƾƷƻƯƲƺƭƼƽƵƹƲƽƴƭƼƵƾƭƸƻƾljcDŽƲƸƷƻƿƻ ƽLjƹƻDŽƲƺljƾƷƻƽƻƼƽƲƱƾƿƻnjƸƻƯƾƿǀƼƵƿljƯƮƻƶƾƼƽƻƿƵƯƺƵƷƻƹƜƽƲƱƾƲƱƭƿƲƸljƜƾƷƻƯ ƾƷƻưƻưǀƮƵƾƼƻƸƷƻƹƭƗƏƐƲƶƱƻƷƸƭƱLjƯƭƸƯƚƭƽƷƻƹƭƿƯƺǀƿƽƲƺƺƵǂƱƲƸDŽƿƻƹƲƽLj ƮƻƽljƮLj ƾ ƺƭƾƿǀƼƭNjdžƵƹ ƼƽƻƿƵƯƺƵƷƻƹ ƼƽƵƺƵƹƭNjƿƾnj ƜƾƷƻƯ Ƶ ƛƾƿƽƻƯ ƻƮLJnjƯƸƲƺLj ƺƭƻƾƭƱƺƻƹƼƻƸƻƳƲƺƵƵƵnǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵƲƷƽƭƾƺLjǂƻƿƽnjƱƻƯƵƱƲƿǀƾƵƸƲƺƺLjƹƿƲƹ Ƽƻƹ~ƕƾƼƻƸƷƻƹƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭƱƾƷƻưƻƞƻƯƲƿƭƻƮLJnjƯƵƸƾǀƮƮƻƿǀǁƲƯƽƭƸnjƑƺƲƹƴƭdžƵƿLj ƾƻǃƵƭƸƵƾƿƵDŽƲƾƷƻưƻƛƿƲDŽƲƾƿƯƭƼƻNJƿƻƹǀ NJƿƭ Ʊƭƿƭ Ƶ ƯƻDžƸƭ Ư ƵƾƿƻƽƵNj ƷƭƷ ƱƲƺlj ƹƭƾƾƻƯƻƶƹƻƮƵƸƵƴƭǃƵƵƾƵƸƜƻƾƸƲƴƭƺnj ƿƵnjƯƲDŽƲƽƻƹǁƲƯƽƭƸnjƛƾƿƽƻƯƭƾƻƴƱƭ ƸƭƾljƺƲƼƻƾƽƲƱƾƿƯƲƺƺƭnjǀưƽƻƴƭƮLjƾƿƽƻưƻ ƴƭǂƯƭƿƭưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵƹƵƯƻƶƾƷƭƹƵƜƾƷƻƯƭ ƚƭDŽƭƸƭƾlj ƼƻƾƼƲDžƺƭnj NJƯƭƷǀƭǃƵnj ưƻƽƻƱƭ

Ơƿƽƻƹ  ǁƲƯƽƭƸnj Ư ưƻƽƻƱƲ ƯƾƼLjǂƺǀƸƵ

                        nƝƻƳƱƲƺƵƲƗƽƭƾƺƻƶƍƽƹƵƵ~                                 ƯƻƸƺƲƺƵnj ƴƭDŽƵƺdžƵƷƭƹƵ ƷƻƿƻƽLjǂ DŽƭƾƿƻ

ƞƷƭƽƿƵƺLjƾƿǀƱƵƵƯƻƲƺƺLjǂǂǀƱƻƳƺƵƷƻƯ    ƯLjƾƿǀƼƭƸƵƱƲƴƲƽƿƵƽLjƷưƽƭƮƲƳƭƹƼƽƵƵƹƙƎƐƽƲƷƻƯƭư          ƾƻƲƱƵƺƵƸƻƾlj ƹƵƽƺƻƲ ƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵƲ Ɯƻ ƽƭƾ

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ƗƽƭƾƺƻƭƽƹƲƶƾƷƵƹ ƻƿƽnjƱƭƹ ƾƽƭƳƭƯDžƵƹƾnj ƾƲƯƲƽƺƲƲ ƜƾƷƻƯƭ ƻƷƭƴLjƯƭƸƵ Ƽƻ ƹƻdžljƯƻƻƽǀƳƲƺƺLjƲƼƾƷƻƯƾƷƵƲƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƲƻƮLJƲƱƵƺnjƯDžƵƲƾnjƯƼƭƽƿƵƴƭƺƾƷƵƲƻƿƽnjƱLj ȗƾƭƹLjƲƼƲƽƯLjƲƯưƻƱLjƵƺƻƾƿƽƭƺƺƻƶƯƻƲƺƺƻƶƵƺƿƲƽƯƲƺǃƵƵƏƻƷƽƲƾƿƺƻƾƿnjǂƜƾƷƻƯƭ ƱƲƶƾƿƯƻƯƭƸƻƻƷƻƸƻƱƯǀǂƾƼƻƸƻƯƵƺƻƶƱƲƾnjƿƷƻƯƿƭƷƵǂƻƿƽnjƱƻƯDŽƭdžƲƯƾƲưƻƺƲƹƺƻ ưƻDŽƵƾƸƲƺƺLjǂƺƭƵƮƻƸƲƲƷƽǀƼƺLjƲƻƮLJƲƱƵƺnjƸƵƱƻȗDŽƲƸ ƷƻƿƻƽLjƲƺƭƼƭƱƭƸƵ ƺƭƾƷƸƭƱLjƵƿƽƭƺƾƼƻƽƿLjƼƽƻƿƵƯƺƵƷƭƼƻƽƿƵƸƵƹƻƾƿLjƵƱƻƽƻưƵƭƿƭƷƳƲƯLjƼƻƸƺnjƸƵ ƻDŽƲƺljƯƭƳƺǀNjƴƭƱƭDŽǀƽƭƴƯƲƱƷƵƹƲƾƿƺLjƲƳƵƿƲƸƵǂƻƽƻDžƻƴƺƭƸƵƷƭƳƱǀNjƿƽƻƼƷǀƵ ƻƮƻƯƾƲǂƼƻƼLjƿƷƭǂƼƲƽƲƱƯƵƳƲƺƵnjƵƹƭƺƲƯƽƵƽƻƯƭƺƵnjƺƲƹǃƲƯƺƲƹƲƱƸƲƺƺƻƱƻƷƸƭƱLj ƯƭƸƵƕƐƜƲǂƸƵƯƭƺƻƯǀƛƺƯƻƱƺƻƹƵƴƱƻƺƲƾƲƺƵƶƾƻƻƮdžƭƸDŽƿƻnƹƺƻưƵƲƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƲ ƼƽƻƾnjƿƵǂƯƻƻƽǀƳƵƿljƵƱƭƿljƵƹƯƻƴƹƻƳƺƻƾƿljƼƽƵƺnjƿljǀDŽƭƾƿƵƲƯƮƻƽljƮƲƾƯƽƭưƻƹ~

ƏƻƿƺƭƼƽƵƹƲƽDŽƿƻƾƻƻƮdžƭƸƭƯƿƲƱƺƵƼƲDŽƭƿljnƚƲƷƻƿƻƽLjƲ

ƵƴƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƼƻƱƷƭƽƭǀƸƵƯƺƲƹƲǃƷƵǂƽƭƴƯƲƱDŽƵƷƻƯƻƷƽǀƳƭƸƵ

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ƳƭƸƷƻƼǀƸƵƵǂƾƸƲƱǀƲƿƯƲDžƭƿlj~ ƞƽLjƯƼƸƭƺƻƯƮLjƾƿƽƻưƻƴƭǂƯƭƿƭƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭƱƭƼƻƱƿƻƸƷƺǀƸ

ƐƲƽƹƭƺƵNjƷƼƻƱƼƵƾƭƺƵNjƹƵƽƭƯDŽƲƹƮLjƸƻƴƭƵƺƿƲƽƲƾƻƯƭƺƻ                                      _{ƗƻƹƭƺƱǀNjdžƵƶ}

ƵƞƻƯƲƿƾƷƻƲƼƽƭƯƵƿƲƸljƾƿƯƻƝƲƴǀƸljƿƭƿƻƹƾƿƭƸƻƼƻƱƼƵƾƭƺƵƲ ƜƾƷƻƯƾƷƵƹƵƻƿƽnjƱƭƹƵ

cƹƭƽƿƭưƎƽƲƾƿƾƷƻưƻƹƵƽƺƻưƻƱƻưƻƯƻƽƭƼƻƷƻƿƻƽƻƹǀ                                                 ƕƐƜƲǂƸƵƯƭƺƻƯ

ŕ՜ ՗Ź֟׼֢֜֙׻՝֢׺׻֛ժ–׸՘

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ƏLjƾDžƭnjƯƸƭƾƿljƺƭƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺƻƶƾƲƯƲƽƻƴƭƼƭƱƺƻƶƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵƵƺƭǂƻƱƵƸƭƾlj ǀƯƻƲƺƺƻưƻƷƻƹƭƺƱƻƯƭƺƵnjƶưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƻƶƭƽƹƵƵƯƸƵǃƲưƲƺƲƽƭƸƭƗƵƽƮƭǂƭƚƭƽnj ƱǀƾNJƿƻƶƯƸƭƾƿljNjưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƻƲƯƻƲƺƺƻƲƷƻƹƭƺƱƻƯƭƺƵƲƼƽƵƾƿǀƼƵƸƻƷǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵNj ưƽƭƳƱƭƺƾƷƵǂ ƭƱƹƵƺƵƾƿƽƭƿƵƯƺLjǂ ƻƽưƭƺƻƯ ǀƼƽƭƯƸƲƺƵnj Ư ƾƻƾƿƭƯ ƷƻƿƻƽLjǂ ƯǂƻƱƵƸƵ ƼƽƲƱƾƿƭƯƵƿƲƸƵƹƲƾƿƺƻưƻƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵnjƚƭƾƿƽƭƺƵǃƭǂnƜƾƷƻƯƾƷƻưƻƯƲƾƿƺƵƷƭ~ȘƼƲDŽƭƿ ƺƻưƻƻƽưƭƺƭƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjǂƯƸƭƾƿƲƶƾƻƻƮdžƭƸƻƾljƻƮnǀƾƿƭƺƻƯƸƲƺƵƵƾƭƹƻǀƼƽƭƯƸƲ ƺƵnjƹƲƾƿƺLjǂƳƵƿƲƸƲƶƼƽƵƾƻǂƽƭƺƲƺƵƵƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjǂƼƽƭƯưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵǂƯƻƲƺƺLjǂ ƯƸƭƾƿƲƶ~ƏNJƿƵǂǃƲƸnjǂƮLjƸƾƻƴƱƭƺƞƻƯƲƿǀƼƽƭƯƸƲƺƵnjȘƾƻƯƲdžƭƿƲƸljƺLjƶƻƽưƭƺƯ ƷƻƿƻƽLjƶƯƻDžƸƵƼƽƲƵƹǀdžƲƾƿƯƲƺƺƻDŽƵƺƻƯƺƵƷƵǃƭƽƾƷƻƶƝƻƾƾƵƵƏƻƴưƸƭƯƸnjƸƾnjNJƿƻƿ ƾƻƯƲƿ ưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵƹ ƻǁƵǃƲƽƻƹ ƎLjƸƻ ƿƭƷƳƲ ƽƲDžƲƺƻ ƯƻƴƻƮƺƻƯƵƿlj ƱƲnjƿƲƸljƺƻƾƿlj ưǀ ƮƲƽƺƾƷƻưƻƵǀƲƴƱƺƻưƻƴƲƹƾƿƯnƯƻƮLJƲƹƲǀƷƭƴƭƺƺƻƹƽǀƾƾƷƵƹƴƭƷƻƺƻƱƭƿƲƸljƾƿƯƻƹ~ƺƻ ƯƿƲƾƺƻƹƾƻưƸƭƾƵƵƾưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵƹƵƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjƹƵƯƸƭƾƿnjƹƵƭƿƭƷƳƲǀDŽƽƲƳƱƲƺLj ưƽƭƱƻƺƭDŽƭƸljƾƿƯƭǀƲƴƱƻƯƯƜƾƷƻƯƲƵƛƾƿƽƻƯƲƏƯƻƸƻƾƿnjǂƮLjƸƵƺƭƴƺƭDŽƲƺLjƯƻƸƻƾƿƺLjƲ ƾƿƭƽDžƵƺLjƮǀƽưƻƹƵƾƿƽLj ƼƽƵƴƯƭƺƺLjƲƾƸƲƱƵƿljƴƭƼƻƽnjƱƷƻƹƵƻƮƲƾƼƲDŽƵƯƭƿljƵƾƼƻƸ ƺƲƺƵƲƼƽƵƷƭƴƻƯƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjǂƯƸƭƾƿƲƶ ƞƻƴƱƭƯ ƯƲƽƿƵƷƭƸlj ƯƸƭƾƿƵ Ƶ ƭƱƹƵƺƵƾƿƽƭƿƵƯƺLjƶ ƭƼƼƭƽƭƿ ƺƭ ƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺƻƶ

ƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵƵưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƻƲƷƻƹƭƺƱƻƯƭƺƵƲƼƽƵƾƿǀƼƵƸƻƷƵƾƼƻƸljƴƻƯƭƺƵNjƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺLjǂƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵƶƯƷƭDŽƲƾƿƯƲƾLjƽljƲƯƻưƻƼƽƵƱƭƿƷƭƾƿƽƲƹnjƾljƯLjƳƭƿljƹƭƷƾƵƹƭƸljƺƻƲ ƷƻƸƵDŽƲƾƿƯƻ ƮƸƭư ƴƭ ƻưƽƭƺƵDŽƲƺƺƻƲ ƷƻƸƵDŽƲƾƿƯƻ ƯƽƲƹƲƺƵ Ɯƻ ƼƽƵƷƭƴǀ ưƸƭƯƺƻƷƻƹƭƺ

ƱǀNjdžƲưƻ ưƲƺƲƽƭƸƭ ƗƵƽƮƭǂƭ Ưƻ ƯƾƲƶ ƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺƻƶ ƹƲƾƿƺƻƾƿƵ ƾ ƭƼƽƲƸnj  ư ƮLjƸƭƯƯƲƱƲƺƭƼƻƱǀDžƺƭnjƼƻƱƭƿljƱƸnjƯƾƲǂƹǀƳDŽƵƺƻƿƱƻƸƲƿƏƹƭƲƮLjƸƯƯƲƱƲƺ ƼƻƴƲƹƲƸljƺLjƶƺƭƸƻưƾƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƾƷƵǂƴƲƹƲƸljƼƽƵDŽƲƹƴƭưƻƺƯƴƵƹƭƸƾnjƯƱƲƾnj ƿƵƷƽƭƿƺƻƹƽƭƴƹƲƽƲƞƲƸljƾƷƻƲƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵƲƵƹƲNjdžƲƲƱƻƹƭDžƺƵƶƾƷƻƿƮLjƸƻƻƮƸƻƳƲƺƻ ƱƻƼƻƸƺƵƿƲƸljƺƻƶƼƻƱƭƿljNjƟƭƷƴƭƷƻƽƻƯǀƺƲƻƮǂƻƱƵƹƻƮLjƸƻƼƸƭƿƵƿljƽǀƮƯưƻƱ ƴƭƸƻDžƭƱljȘƽǀƮƸƲƶƗƽƻƹƲƿƻưƻƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƾƷƻƲǂƻƴnjƶƾƿƯƻƮLjƸƻƻƮƸƻƳƲƺƻƺƭƿǀ ƽƭƸljƺƻƶ ƼƻƱƭƿljNj ƜƻƹƵƹƻ ƺƭƸƻưƻƯƻưƻ ƮƽƲƹƲƺƵ ƷƭƳƱƻưƻ ƳƵƿƲƸnj ƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺLjǂ ƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵƶƹƻưƸƵƼƽƵƯƸƲDŽljƷƽƭƴƸƵDŽƺƻưƻƽƻƱƭƽƭƮƻƿƭƹƟƽǀƱƻƯƭnjƼƻƯƵƺƺƻƾƿljƺƭ ƾƲƸƲƺƵnjƭƷƿƵƯƺƻƵƾƼƻƸljƴƻƯƭƸƭƾljƻƷƷǀƼƭƺƿƭƹƵƯƻƯƽƲƹnjƽƲƹƻƺƿƭƱƻƽƻưƵƼƻDŽƵƺƷƵ ƹƻƾƿƻƯƵƼƲƽƲƼƽƭƯƔƭƻƿƷƭƴƯLjƼƻƸƺnjƿljƯƻƴƸƻƳƲƺƺLjƲƺƭƺƲưƻƽƭƮƻƿLjƳƵƿƲƸljƹƻư ƮLjƿljƼƻƱƯƲƽưƺǀƿDžƿƽƭǁǀƵƸƵƿNjƽƲƹƺƻƹǀƴƭƷƸNjDŽƲƺƵNj

ƠƾƿƭƺƻƯƸƲƺƺLjƲ ƺƲƹǃƭƹƵ ƼƻƽnjƱƷƵ ƺƻƾƵƸƵƾǀƽƻƯLjƶƱƭƳƲƳƲƾƿƻƷƵƶǂƭƽƭƷ ƿƲƽƏưƻƽƻƱƲƱƲƶƾƿƯƻƯƭƸƷƻƹƲƺƱƭƺƿƾƷƵƶ DŽƭƾƏƾƲưƻƽƻƳƭƺƲƾƿƭƽDžƲƸƲƿƻƿƽƻƱǀ ƱƻƸƳƺLjƮLjƸƵƯƾƲưƱƭƺƻƾƵƿljƼƽƵƾƲƮƲǀƱƻ ƾƿƻƯƲƽƲƺƵƲ ƸƵDŽƺƻƾƿƵ Ɵƻƿ Ʒƿƻ ƺƲ ƵƹƲƸ ƿƭƷƻưƻƱƻƷǀƹƲƺƿƭƼƻƱƸƲƳƭƸƭƽƲƾƿǀƷƭƷ DžƼƵƻƺ ƞƽƭƴǀ ƳƲ ƼƻƾƸƲ ƴƭǂƯƭƿƭ ƜƾƷƻƯƭ

ƮLjƸƻ ƷƭƴƺƲƺƻ  ƼƸƲƺƺLjǂ ƷƽƭƾƺƻưƯƭƽ

ƱƲƶǃƲƯ ƮƻƸljDžƲƯƵƷƻƯ ƾƻƯƲƿƾƷƵǂ ƱƻƸƳ

ƜƭƽƭƱưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƵǂƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjǂƯƻƶƾƷ                                            ƺƻƾƿƺLjǂƸƵǃƏƜƾƷƻƯƲƵƲưƻƻƷƽƲƾƿƺƻ

                                    ƯƜƾƷƻƯƲư                                                  ƾƿnjǂ ƽƭƴƹƲƾƿƵƸƵƾlj ƱƯƭ ƴƭƼƭƾƺLjǂ ƼƻƸƷƭ

Ƶƴ ƾƻƾƿƭƯƭ ƎƭƯƭƽƾƷƻưƻ ƷƻƽƼǀƾƭ ƱƯƭ ƭƽƿƵƸƸƲƽƵƶƾƷƵǂ

ƼƻƸƷƭƼƻƸƲƯƭnjƮƭƿƭƽƲnjƵƼƻƸƷƸƭƺƱDžƿǀƽƹƭȘƽƲƴƲƽ ƯƵƾƿƻƯƼƻƳƵƸƻưƻƵƸƵƾƸƵDžƷƻƹNjƺƻưƻƯƻƴƽƭƾƿƭƼƽƵ ƴƯƭƺƺLjǂ ƺƭ ƾƸǀƳƮǀ Ư ƯƵƱǀ DŽƽƲƴƯLjDŽƭƶƺƻưƻ ƯƻƲƺƺƻưƻ ƯƽƲƹƲƺƵ ƚƭƸƵDŽƵƲ ƱƻƾƿƭƿƻDŽƺƻ ƮƻƸljDžƻưƻ ƷƻƸƵDŽƲƾƿƯƭ ƻƷƷǀƼƭǃƵƻƺƺLjǂƯƻƶƾƷƸƻƳƵƸƻƾljƱƻƼƻƸƺƵƿƲƸljƺLjƹƮƽƲ-

                 ^{ƙƻƺƲƿLjƐƲƽƹƭƺƵƵ}                                           ƹƲƺƲƹƺƭƹƲƾƿƺƻƲƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵƲƏƷƭƳƱƻƶƮƻƸljDžƻƶƱƲ

              ^{ƱƸnjƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺLjǂ}                                   ƽƲƯƺƲǀƯƾƲǂƳƵƿƲƸƲƶƮLjƸƵƽƭƴƹƲdžƲƺLjƺƭƼƻƾƿƻƶƼƻ

ƯƻƾƿƻDŽƺLjǂƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵƶ

ƱƯƭƿƽƵƺƲƹƲǃƷƵǂƾƻƸƱƭƿƭƷƻƿƻƽLjƲƯƲƸƵƾƲƮnjƺƭưƸƻ

ƿƽƲƮƻƯƭƸƵǀƺƭƾƲƸƲƺƵnjƯƾƲDŽƿƻƵƹƺƽƭƯƵƸƻƾljƗƭƷƻƿƹƲDŽƭƸƻƾljƯƱƻƷǀƹƲƺƿƭǂƿƻưƻ ƯƽƲƹƲƺƵ nƼƽƻƱǀƷƿƻƯ ƳƲ Ư ƴƭƺnjƿLjǂ ƹƲƾƿƭǂ ƺƲƿ ƺƵƷƭƷƵǂ ƱƭƳƲ ƲƾƸƵ Ʋƾƿlj ƷƭƷƵƲ ǀ ƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƼƽƻƱǀƷƿLjƵƺƲƹǃLjǀƴƺƭNjƿƿƻƾƽƭƴǀƳƲƻƿƮƵƽƭNjƿƚƲƹƲǃƷƵƲƾƻƸƱƭƿLjƷƻƽ ƹnjƿƾnjƿƻƸljƷƻƿƲƹDŽƿƻƻƿƮƲƽǀƿǀƽǀƾƾƷƵǂƷƽƲƾƿljnjƺƭƵƴƐƲƽƹƭƺƵƵƻƺƵƺƵDŽƲưƻƺƲ ƼƻƸǀDŽƭNjƿƵưƻƯƻƽnjƿDŽƿƻǀƺƵǂƿƭƹưƻƸƻƱ~

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DŽƿƻƼƽƭƯƱƭƼƽƻƿƵƯƻƽƲDŽƵƸƻǀƾƸƻƯƵnjƹƎƽƲƾƿƾƷƻưƻƹƵƽƭ

ƜƽƵƺǃƘƲƻƼƻƸljƱƎƭƯƭƽƾƷƵƶ

ƼƽƻƯƻƱƵƿƾƹƻƿƽƯƻƶƾƷƺƭƼƸƭǃǀ ƚƲƹƲǃƷƵƶƼƻƾƿǀƛƸljưƵƺƾƷƻưƻƹƻƾƿƭ ƼƲƽƲƱǂƽƭƹƻƹƍƸƲƷƾƭƺƱƽƭƚƲƯƾƷƻưƻ ^{ƯƜƾƷƻƯƲư}

ŕ՜ ՗Ź֟׼֢֜֙׻՝֢׺׻֛ժ–׸՘

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ƯƾƲưƻƺƭƴLjƯƭƲƹLjƲnƼƭƽƿƵƴƭƺƾƷƵƹƵ~

ƜƻƺƵƹƭnj ƺƲƵƴƮƲƳƺƻƾƿlj ƾƯƻƲưƻ ƼƻƽƭƳƲƺƵnj Ư ƜƲƽƯƻƶ ƹƵƽƻƯƻƶ ƯƻƶƺƲ Ʒ ƸƲƿǀ ưưƲƽƹƭƺƾƷƻƲƷƻƹƭƺƱƻƯƭƺƵƲƾƿƭƸƻƯƾƲƮƻƸljDžƲƾƷƸƻƺnjƿƾnjƷƵƱƲƲƾƻƴƱƭƺƵnjƺƭ ƻƷƷǀƼƵƽƻƯƭƺƺLjǂƿƲƽƽƵƿƻƽƵnjǂƭƺƿƵƾƻƯƲƿƾƷƵǂƯƻƲƺƺLjǂǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵƶƷƻƿƻƽLjƲƯ ƾƸǀDŽƭƲƺƲƻƮǂƻƱƵƹƻƾƿƵƯLjƼƻƸƺƵƸƵƮLjƽƻƸljƮǀǁƲƽƭƵƼƽƵƷƽLjƸƵƮLjƾƻƮƻƶƻƿƾƿǀƼƭ

NjdžƵƲƺƲƹƲǃƷƵƲDŽƭƾƿƵ

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ƸƭƾljƽƲƯƻƸNjǃƵnjƷƭƶƴƲƽƏƵƸljưƲƸljƹ--ƻƿƽƲƷƾnjƻƿƼƽƲƾƿƻƸƭƵ

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ƗƭƼƽƲƸNjưƞƻƯƲƿƾƷƭnjƯƸƭƾƿljƼƻƿƲƽƼƲƸƭƼƻƽƭƳƲƺƵƲƯƘƵƿƯƲƵƘƭƿƯƵƵ ƹƻdžƺƻƲƺƭƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵƲƺƭƏƻƾƿƻƷƲƝƻƾƾƵƵƽƭƴƯƲƽƺǀƸƵƯƻƶƾƷƭƍcƏƗƻƸDŽƭƷƭƼƲƽƲDžƸƵ ƯƺƭƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵƲƮƲƸLjƲǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵnjƺƭƞƲƯƲƽƲƾƿƽƭƺLjƭƭƼƽƲƸnjưƺƭƿƲƽƽƵ ƿƻƽƵNjƝƻƾƾƵƵƯƻDžƸƵǁƵƺƾƷƵƲƯƻƶƾƷƭƷƻƿƻƽLjƲƻƿƿƲƾƺƵƸƵƺƲƹƺƻưƻDŽƵƾƸƲƺƺLjƲƾƵƸLj ƷƽƭƾƺƻƭƽƹƲƶǃƲƯ Ƶ ƴƭƺnjƸƵ ƛƸƻƺƲǃ ƞƸƻƳƵƯDžƭnjƾnj ƾƵƿǀƭǃƵnj ƾƿƭƺƻƯƵƸƭƾlj ǀƱƻƮƺƻƶ

ƱƸnjƺƭƺƲƾƲƺƵnjǀƱƭƽƭƺƭƞƲƯƲƽƻƔƭƼƭƱƲƝƻƾƾƵƵ

ƏƻƯƽƲƹnjƺƭƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵnjƮƲƸLjǂƯƻƶƾƷ ƺƭƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭƱƻƾƺƻƯƺLjƲƾƵƸLjƞƲƯƲƽƺƻưƻ ƷƻƽƼǀƾƭ ƮLjƸƵ ƾƻƾƽƲƱƻƿƻDŽƲƺLj ƺƭ ƚƭƽƯ ƾƷƻƹƺƭƼƽƭƯƸƲƺƵƵƭƺƭƜƾƷƻƯƾƻƾƿƻƽƻƺLj ƜƲDŽƻƽƵƕƴƮƻƽƾƷƭƱƯƵưƭƸƵƾljƮƲƸƻNJƾƿƻƺ ƾƷƵƲ DŽƭƾƿƵ ƚƭƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵƲ ƮƲƸLjǂ ƯƻƶƾƷ ƺƭDŽƭƸƻƾljƯƺƻDŽljƺƭƹƭnjcưƵƻƺƵ ƺƭDŽƭƸƵ ƾƿƽƲƹƵƿƲƸljƺƻ ƿƲƾƺƵƿlj ƷƽƭƾƺLjǂ Ɨ cƹƭnjcưƽƭƶƻƺƹƲƳƱǀƜƸNjƾƾƻƶ Ƶ Ƙǀưƻƶ ǀƳƲ ƺƭǂƻƱƵƸƾnj ƼƻƱ ƷƻƺƿƽƻƸƲƹ ƞƲƯƲƽƺƻưƻ ƷƻƽƼǀƾƭ Ư NJƿƻƿ ƳƲ ƱƲƺlj ƻƿ ƽnjƱƞcƚƎǀƸƭƷƎƭƸƭǂƻƯƵDŽƭƴƭƺnjƸƐƱƻƯ ƼƻƾƸƲDŽƲưƻƱƯƵƺǀƸƾnjƾƾƲƯƲƽƭƺƭƜƾƷƻƯ ƜƻƮƲƱLj ƽǀƾƾƷƵǂ ƮƲƸƻưƯƭƽƱƲƶǃƲƯ ƼƻƱ ƿƻƸƷƺǀƸƵNJƾƿƻƺƾƷƻƲƼƽƭƯƵƿƲƸljƾƿƯƻƷƻƿ ƷƽLjƿƻƶƯƻƶƺƲƼƽƻƿƵƯƞƻƯƲƿƾƷƻƶƝƻƾƾƵƵ ƹƭnjƮLjƸƻƿƱƭƺƼƽƵƷƭƴƻƺƭƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵƵ NJƾƿƻƺƾƷƵǂƺƭǃƵƻƺƭƸljƺLjǂǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƺƵƶ ƼƻƯƾƲƹƺƭƼƽƭƯƸƲƺƵnjƹƯƿƻƹDŽƵƾƸƲƺƭ ƜƾƷƻƯƐƻƿƻƯnjƾljƷƴƭǂƯƭƿǀƜƾƷƻƯƭNJƾƿƻƺ ǃLj ƾǁƻƽƹƵƽƻƯƭƸƵ ǀƱƭƽƺǀNj ưƽǀƼƼǀ Ư ƾƻƾƿƭƯƷƻƿƻƽƻƶƯƻDžƸƵDŽƲƿLjƽƲƮƽƻƺƲƼƻ ƲƴƱƭƵƱƯƭƮƽƻƺƲƭƯƿƻƹƻƮƵƸnjƕƹƼƽƻƿƵ ƯƻƾƿƻnjƸƵnjƱƵƯƵƴƵnjƶƗƽƭƾƺƻƶƭƽ ƹƵƵ Ƶ NJƾƿƻƺƾƷƵƲ DŽƭƾƿƵ Ɨƽƭƾƺƻƶ ƭƽƹƵƵ

ƼƻƱ ƷƻƹƭƺƱƻƯƭƺƵƲƹ Ƙ ƝƵƿƿƭ ƷƻƿƻƽLjƲ                                   ƗƭƽƿƭƮƻƲƯLjǂƱƲƶƾƿƯƵƶƺƭƞƲƯƲƽƻƔƭƼƭƱƲ

ƮLjƸƵƺƲƱƻƾƿƭƿƻDŽƺƻƾƵƸljƺLjƏƻƲƺƺLjƶƷƻ                                         ƝƻƾƾƵƵƯƲƾƺƻƶƻƾƲƺljNjư

ƛƮƽǀDžƲƺƺLjƶƼƽƻƸƲƿƛƸljưƵƺƾƷƻưƻƹƻƾƿƭ                                     ƏƴƻƽƯƭƺƺLjƶƛƸljưƵƺƾƷƵƶƹƻƾƿDŽƲƽƲƴ

                                    ƯƜƾƷƻƯƲư                                              ƏƲƸƵƷǀNjƵƯƽƲƹƲƺƺƭnjƼƲƽƲƼƽƭƯƭDŽƲƽƲƴƺƲƲ

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                ƜƻƱƽƭƴƱƲƸƲƺƵƲƪƾƿƻƺƾƷƻƶƭƽƹƵƵ                                    ƪƾƿƻƺƾƷƭnjƭƽƹƵnjƼƻƱƕƴƮƻƽƾƷƻƹ

                                ƼƻƱƜƾƷƻƯƻƹư                                                                          ƕNjƺljư

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ƱƭƳƲƼƲDŽƭƿƭƺƵƲǁƭƸljDžƵƯLjǂƱƲƺƲư

ƏƻƯƿƻƽƻƶƼƻƸƻƯƵƺƲƹƭnjưƺƭ ƾƿǀƼƸƲƺƵƲ ƮƲƸƻưƯƭƽƱƲƶǃƲƯ Ƶ NJƾƿƻƺƾƷƵǂ

ƯƻƶƾƷ ƺƭDŽƭƸƻ ƯLjƱLjǂƭƿljƾnj Ə ƜƲƿƽƻưƽƭ ƱƲƼƽƻǂƻƱƵƸƭƹƻƮƵƸƵƴƭǃƵnjƽƭƮƻDŽƵǂƺƭ ǁƽƻƺƿƻƿƼƽƭƯƸnjƸƵƾljƷǀƽƾƭƺƿƾƷƵƲDŽƭƾƿƵ ƻƿƽnjƱLj ƹƻƽnjƷƻƯ ƎƭƸƿƵƶƾƷƻưƻ ǁƸƻƿƭ Ə ƾƿƭƺƲƮƲƸLjǂƯƺƻƯljƾƹƲƺƵƸƻƾljƷƻƹƭƺƱƻ

ƯƭƺƵƲƵƯƻưƸƭƯƲƱƯƵƳƲƺƵnjƯƾƿƭƸưƲƺƲ-                          ƍƿƭƹƭƺƞƚƎǀƸƭƷƎƭƸƭǂƻƯƵDŽƯƜƾƷƻƯƲ

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ƱƲƸƵ ƜƾƷƻƯƻƹ ƜƲƽƯLjƹƵƯƻDžƸƵƯưƻƽƻƱ

ƛƿƽnjƱƷƽƭƾƺƻƭƽƹƲƶǃƲƯ ƷƽƭƾƺƻƭƽƹƲƶǃLjưƻƵưƻƼƻƸƷƻƯƵ ƜƻƽǂƻƯƾƷƵƶǀƲƴƱư ƮƻƶǃLj ƷƻƹƹǀƺƵƾƿƵDŽƲƾƷƻưƻ ƮƭƿƭƸljƻƺƭ ŕ՜ ՗Ź֟׼֢֜֙׻՝֢׺׻֛ժ–׸՘

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