История Ирана в XXв.
Оценка 4.6

История Ирана в XXв.

Оценка 4.6
Книги +2
pdf
история
Взрослым
29.10.2019
История Ирана в XXв.
это первое в научной и учебной литературе исследование истории Ирана XX века. Общественно-политическая история страны в новой интерпретации, проведенная на основе многих не публиковавшихся ранее архивных и докумен-тальных материалов России, Ирана, ряда европейских и арабских стран. Книга рассчитана на специалистов, изучающих процессы, происходящие в мусульманском мире, и на широкий круг читателей, следящих за событиями в этой стране. Работа может быть использована в качестве пособия в высших и средних учебных заведениях.
иран в первой половине ХХ века.pdf

IdCTOPI/1¶CTPAHBOCTOKA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AJIHOCa.nexMaMeAOI'JIb1

BEK

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HCTOPIMIdPAHA


XXBER CepnqOCHOBaHaB1999r.

PeðŒguo KOJI.aeeug

P.b.Pb16aKOB(rnaBHb1iÍ aop), B.M.Annali)B,A.3·EropHH冖0 ·peaawropTOMa),B.A.HcaeB,

B. ·beJIOKPeHHUKHÌÍ,A.M.Xa3aHOB,

·B.HyaoaeeB冖yqeHb1ÿÍceKpempbcepHH)

MOCKBa MBPAH,

2004

OBI.IIÐECBEAEHH¶0bAPAHE CTBHeHaPa-3BHTHeHPaHHCTHKH. Bcero3T006 CH

HTOXPaHHBI.UHeCfl3aceMb}O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0 e H~e

B3THXCTpaHax HAOCTYflHbI HCmPHKOBHny6JlHUHCTOB•BOBTOPbIX,BCOBPeMeHHbIX                                  HOBblX                                           Pe)KH— MaxHCCneAOBaTeJIHIIOJIY'MJIHUIHPOKYOCB060 TOJlKOBaHH•q

HCTOPHqeCKHXC05 H HAB•neHHÏ•                       c3THMy                                         HpaH冖O(þHUHU1bHOeHa•3BaHHeHcnaMCKaqPeCny6JlHKaHpaH) B03MO)KHOCTbAaBaTbXaPaKrePHCTHKHHCTOPHqeCKHMJIHHHOCT¶MB  pac110J10)KeHBK)0• HO                               aCOOTBeTCTBHHCC06CTBeHHbIMHB033PeHHflMH•            CTPaHbI 一648一95 ·KM.110                            H3aHHMaer一6

HOHATHO,0ecJIHCTaBIIIHeHbIHeAOCWllHblMHAOKYMeHTblH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                MecTOBMHpe•PerHOHaJlbHO                                                                                                                                                K BOCTOKa•

aKTHeITOATBeP)K,uawrH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Ha3anaAeTOCYAaPCTBeHHbIe                                                 c

PaKTePHCTHK,TO3T0Bb13bIBaeTHe06XOAHMOCTbHXHOBOìiHHTep-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   COCTOJI¶OT一609KM'cTYPeUK0äPeCflY6JIHK0i丨486KM·

npe•rauHH.《0 HI-IaT OTBePraTbTeTOJlKOBaHHflH         HaceBepeHpaH1'PaHHHHTcPeCflY6JIHK0üAPMeHHÃ'A3ep6aioueHKH,KOTOPbIeHecyrBce6eHaAYMaHHOCTb'a                           A)KaHCKOäPeCny6JIHKOäHTYPKMeHHCTZHOM•

noporoHnpeAHaMepeHHyroÞIbCH4)HKaUHK)•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HHub1cPeCny6JIHK0iAPMeHH1,40KM'cA3eP6abKaHCK0iPec-

6HKO 767KM.HPaH0-TYPKMeHHCTaHCKaqrpaHH1-ta~一206KM' MOPCKHepy6ÐKHHpaHanoKaCflHäCKOMY 冖0THPaHCK0i

PblAO0 H XOCeìíH-KOJIH),607KM'no6eroB0äJIHHHH740KM'


HaBOCTOKenp0XOAflTrpaHHLIblcþ418HHCTaHOM冖945 一HIlaKHCTaHOM冖978(M).Ha rpaHHLIa110OMaHCKOMY3UlHBY冖OT3UlHBa reBaTep40BeHAep-A66aca)—784KM'noflePCHACKOMY3aJIHBY冖0T

BeHAep-A66aca0YCTbeBpeKHWarr-3Jlb-APa6'eeHPaHCKOeHOBaHueAPBaHPYA)一259KM•

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        06 a 11POTfl)KeHHOCTbHPaHCKHX                0K0n0

7870KM.H3HHXIIPH6JIH3HTeJIbHOOAHaTpeTb¶

HaMOPCKHePY6e)KH冖一一·

flpHMepH0900 HPaHCKOäTePPHTOPHHPaCllOJlO)KeHOB

HOqaCTHHPaHCKOFOHarOPb¶•rOPbl                                               60neenOJ10BHHbl CTpaHbI. 520TePPHTOPHHCTpaHbl,          h3a6POLUeHHble 3eMJIH.HO110C.neAHHMCTaTHCTHqeCKHM                                         naXOTHblX

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3eMeJIbpaBHqeTC¶一7·8MJIH• H3KOTOPblX5·4 ra                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         no

napOM.H3naXOTHbIX3eMeJlb一0·5MJIH•ra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mble,a73MJIH.ra—OPOU.IaeMbIe3eMJlH•HaceBepe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               B

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    POTHOMHanPO.neHHH,[IPOT¶HYJIHCbrOPbl3Jlb6PYC•Hx Bep-

LUHHb1丨AeMaBeHÃ冖567一M)H 冖4805M)—•capableBblCOKHeB HpaHe.HH3MeHHOCTH,                     rOPraHCKaqHaceBepeH Y3KaqnonocaHa                                        CTPaHbl'                     BHPaHCKOMpenbe-

()eHe60JIbUIYK) 0 a ·

peKHHpaHaOTJIHqaŒOTCAM080HOCT HB



HH¶OHHonpeAeneHH0ìÍBblBeAeHblHa6a3eHaPOAHOCTHOCHOBa•reJIbHOrOHJIH3THHqeCK0ÿÍHCHc•reMaTHqeCK0ro06 HOCTH·BH3yqe-TO HOMn06epe)KbeKacr1Hq, 6axTHapbl,                      HaK)FO_3a_ BpeMflAaHHbIe0HHCJIeHHOCTHTOHJIHHH0ìiHap0AHOCTH B                                               naAeLleHTpaJ1bHoroHpaHa,OTHOC%TCRKHeKOTO_B

CneUHUIbHbIXHCCJIeAOBaHH¶XHH01'Aape3K0pacxom•cg.TaK,CO-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      [IPHHUH11eHPaHOH3blHHblXHaPOAHOC•reÏ,XOTq         HPaCUIHPe_

rnacH0MexpnanyP.H3auu,BHpaHeB•reqeHHeBceroXXB.KYPAb1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PbIXH3HHXBecbMa.3HaHHTeJ1bHa.B c

COCTOJI¶JIH一20 HaCeJIeHHfl冖BHeKOTOPb1ero一HeCKOJlbKO60JIbUIe).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       HHeMCHCTeMbI111KOJIbHOI"()06pa30BaHH¶,CMHH         B

110ero110AcqeeraM,B一990 HanpHMep,BCTpaHenp0)KHBaJ106·6MJIH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3a110C.neAHHeqeTbIPe-IIflTbAeC¶THJ1e•THìi                            3THXHapOA_

KYPAOB冖一2·4 06 eroHaceJ1eHHACTpaHb1)冖一一·OAHaKOno                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        HOCTeü,rnaBHbIM06pa30MnepcaMH,                Ha HeKOTO_BOc_

)KypHa.na<<3KOHOMHCT)>B3anaAH()MHpaHe,BOCHOBHOMBOCTaHax                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PbIXH33THXHaPOAOBHMeeTCBXYA0)KeCTBeHHaq

KypAHcmH KepMaHI.na.x,BHaganeHOBOTOBeKa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 4·5MJIH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HOBHOMn030n·BH3BeCTHOìiCTeneHH


KYPAOB冖一一一·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HHPaHCKHe6eJIYA)KH,HaCeJ1¶K)111He                         冖                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            H,H

OCHOBHbIe110TpaIIHUHHrpynnbl…CneUHaJIHCTbIHPaHO¶3bIMHaq,T}opKoq3b1t1HaqHaCeneHHeHHpaHaHaTPH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHCTaH.KaKnpaBHJIO,OHHHc11()BeAY10TCYHHH3M.BA(þraHHCTaHeqacTb , OC06eHHO, llaKHCTaHe,、0nP0)KHBaeT

CpeAHHPaHO¶3bIHHbIXHapOAOBno HHCJleHHOCTH,noCBOHM e·HaRX0KeH3Aae•rcgxyAoycecTBeHHaq BblXO T 061.ueCTBeHHO-flOJIHTHHeCKHM Hno B ra3eTbIH)KYPHaJIbI,pa60TaeTpanH()BeruaHHe. B

H3HbCTpaHblnpeoóna.aarorueeMecT03aHHMa}0Tnepcbl冖OKOJIO50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   HOBHOM06pa.30BaHHag,qaCTbHPaHCKHX60nY40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    H3_

HaCeneHHfl).HacTOIl()HxrneupaHcKagJIHTepa••rypayno            cKaK                                        BeCTHYOCOJIHAaPHOCTbcKynvrypH0ä                                        3aPy6e)KHblX CHHOHHMnePCHACKOHJIH•rePaTYPbI,110CK0            6eJIYAxei.

KYJ1bTYPeMHPOBYK)CJIOYBcpeAHHeBeKaXYA0)KecTBeHHagnyrepary-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A3ep6aìÍA)KaHcKHeTropKHRBJIRK)TC¶ POM

paC03AaHaHanePCHACKOMH3b1Ke.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     110Hal.IIHMIl()AcqeraM,OHMcoc•raBJ1¶K)T2f2-0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CTpaHbI,


60JIbUIHHCTBaHPaHOA3bIHHOüHaUHOHUIbHbIXrpynnblHaCeneHHfl p0B pbl. 3a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                HHC.neHHOCTHHOAaHHbIMHeKOTOPbIX06pa.3Y¶0TOAHYCneAHUIHCTOB,•rpeTbHPaHCK()F()HaCeneHHq.COrn..aCHOno

npeAocTaBJ1eHHeHM HacaMoynpaB.neHHe. O(þHUHaJ1bHOMYcnpaBOqHHKYnoHpaHY,nocne 冖nepcHCKO、0一 CYI.ueCTByeTHBPAAeApyrHxcrpaHCpeAHeroBOCTOKa.COrrracHOHe- T}OPKCKHVI0KflBJIßTCqHaH60J1eePaCflPOCTPaHeHHbIM 35一KOMB

KOTOPblMaBTopHTeraM().MaK-Aayonn冖一2一Hㄗ一·0TcyrcTBHee HpaHe冖一4一·bOJ1bUIHHCTBOoep6aäA)KaHcKHxnopOK B HoroJIHTPPa1YPHOrOf13bIKa,eAHH01'OTeppwropHÜ1bHoronpoc•rpaH- OCTaHa,x3anaAHbIìiA'3ep6a a 3eHA)KaH,Apne6HJ1b CTBa,《3an03 OCT npoueccaHaUHOHaJ1bH0ž HAPY_ HTerepaH.TYPKMeHbI, HeKOTOPble Ma_ rHeKYJIb1YPHO-110JIMTHHeCKHe  npenflTCTBOBaJlH 3eHAepaHaHXopacaHa•, 冖 B

HOWCJIO)KeHHhOKYPAOBBBePHOCTb aHHO0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            )KH冖BUeHTPUIbHOMOCTaHe),93b1KKOTOPblX K 兴HO

MHOIAHMHKYPACKHMHYHeHb1MH0Tl)Huae•rcq.OHH冖ory3CKO一(K)PKCKHX 3KOB·

KaKAOrMaTHqeCKOe,HeYHHTbIBa}01.ueeBblCOKHìiYPOBeHb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                npHMepH03 0HaCeneHHflc•rpaHb1.

HoroCaMOBbIPa.)KeHHAKYPAOB,HaCeJ1¶0LUHXc•-rpaHb1PerHOHa.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        00H00H0 qaCTbapa60B11P0)KHBae•r oc•raHax

OCHOBHaqqaCTbKYPAOBHpaHa                     oc•raHbl冖                               HXOPM03raH.KPY11HbIM0P00M·60JlbUlhHCTB0                             KOTOPO_ KepMaHI.uax,KypAHCTaHHnpHrpaHHHHyoc                     nonocy3a-                                roCOCTOHTH3apa60B,qBJ1qe•rcq K XXlB. CBbI[.ne naHO「0A3ep6aìíÃ*€aHa.                                        np0)KHBa}0T•raK)KeB                XaMa-                                      900TbIC.genOBeK.

,aaHHBCaePO-BOCTOtIHOMXopacaHe.KY'PAb1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3KOHOMHKa. CenbCKOX03¶HCTBeHHOeflPOH3BOÃCTB0

HOMOCTaHe,BHpA)KaHAe,aTaK)KeBMa3aHAapaHe, HBHO06JIOTMOHPaHCKOìi3KOHOMHKH.BHeM 280 caMO_ OCTaHax冖一3一·b0J1bu1a.qgacTb PAOBHpaHa丨CYHHHTb1冖65 一· AeneJ1bHOI'OHaCeJIeHHq.BcerpaHeBblpa1.uHBae-rcq 冖B-OBO

rHJIflKH, MoaHAaPaHUbl,                                                                                                                                                                                                                        •raTbl,                                                                                                                                 Ha                                                                                                                                                                                         060P0一97f一979 ·,0517TblC.T,B一99一~一9923,-708Tc·T),

RHMeHb冖COOTBVIVTBeHHO 一230Tb1C.TH3一96Tb1C.T),caxapHag

24



rYJIHCTaHCKOMY oroB0py一8一3roa冖一2一·TeMBPeMeHeMBcr1bXHY-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          OTHOU.IeHHH 、0KaBKa.3a EKa•repHHe 0、00nPO_

HpaH0-Type1.lKaAPeOpraHH30BaHHbIeBOÏHa(一82一,一823BOÿÍCKaIT.),A66acBb13BaHHaqMHP3b1norpaHHHHb1MB BO-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            OJIeHHe·OHa00YHOecTBJI - 3TOT Ilno WKOBO3eMenb0T00M

POTKOeeHHbIXAeäCTBHìiBpeM¶HPaHI-IaMIIPOAeMOHCTPHPOBaJIHy OCOKKY11HPOBaTbABHOeIlPeHMyueCTB().3HaqwreJ1bHY}03aTep-KO-                                           rPY3HHCKHXr.HaHOTeMKHHa,HMnePHH.HaPM¶HCKHXd)aKTHqeCKOT0OeJIbAMapu.HJ1110JIHTHqeCKHxr. BHOBbI-IPHBblHaIIIHBa.nBHAHbIx PHTOPHiOI-IHeViA66acTIPOTHBHHKa.MHP3aHero«napTH¶>),3aKJffOHeHH¶MHpacOCMaHCK0ìÍCBOHMHTyp-                         BaHCKO000C00aHH0冖 60HOK0Ha HOM0一0POT0KaBKOenorpy3HHcKoro, POCCHH. HAr_

0 pe3YJ1- 」0 H」H00 n000MOH

CKOM)CBOHXeroxaMH,CPCACTBOMCTOPOHHHKHËUIHJIHBOeHHOìÍBepHYTbB03JIOUIHH3onePaLIHH.HHCnayrpaqeHHbIe60nMeCTHbIXFIPHIJ.IY}O3TOMHaxaHOBHaAe)KAYKaA)KaPCKHÈiHOMBCeBepHOMKaBK0eHa HaCJ1eAHHK3eMJIH冖 HHaH                                                                                                    PHTOPHH000、HAPYTHX.naBHT-「000O-HaTIPHHHHAPMflHCKOeHO·、TO0 000·0000C03AaHHHH0-、noee0HHerr()CPeACTBeHHOrO、MOP0000M000H00000M:aHOMuapcTBaBOPHT0=MPaHe006bIna0HMnepa_=Hnpe_0B,

o、 (K) HAeq                                   」00, A3ep6abKaHe.

JleTOM一826r.HPaHCKaqapMHqno KOMaHAOBaHHeMA66ac

MHP3bIH3aH¶J1aBTOPrnaCbero.OAHaKOBKapa6ax,BHaqa.rre3aceHTf16pqKoponcoe一826BpeMqr.KaA)KapcKHe40 pyc- :PH3MCOCTO000003YCTaHOBHTbOHOMHqeCKHe」HMnePHH.0」0:-00CBOe=110JlHTHqeCKHe06bIJIHK))KHblM0TOP-冖 eMMH=HaH60_Hc」4000, CKHM6b1JIHOTPflAOMpa36HTb1B60xnpHIllapaxopeH 一2-Tb1C¶HHb1M  0N0000」aH 」0000=

HHR冖一3一·BCKope,IIPHBecHOÏIl()Aaep)KKe一827 0110JIqeHHAreHepa.nEPMOJTOBH3MeCTH01'06b1J1OCB060- =000g00MA.ryPbeBb1M冖一~0一,一OH0一·、0 00·、HTOrnaB_一0 )K,aeHHOBbIe0T0MHPHbIeBCexneper0BopbI,CBOHXAOJI)KHOC•reiKOTOPbIeH30ePUIHJIHCbOT03BaHBPoccmo. 一 3aH¶BUIHMMHHHCTPa.B T00、 丶 」」0 CMyrbI、

HOflPHHHHOi000」0」 00

HO3aKJTK)qeHHOMYKarlUIYJIAAHOHHbIeTYPKMaHqaMCKOMYnpaBa,K KOTOPB TePPHTOPHHnpeA()CTa-828r.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TOHHOeJIAJIOCb,nepCHH)).n060P0'ITOHyJlqPOCCHH兴-0TOKac11HÏcK00·T00 、0CPeACTBa、HTbB :eHH·KaK3aHqTbeMYn00、BCe00BOC_日」00•

XaHCTBa.HaxHqeBaHCKOI'OBWIPOCCHHTIC)AOFOBopyXaHCTBa,HpaH063b1B一cynnaTHTbOKpyraOFP()MHYOH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        BoeH-                                                                                                                                                      3anepeHeceHHeFOCyaaPCTBeHHb1X0              POCCHOH0K0 HMnePHHqTOK

TBeP)KÅeHOKacflHÏCKOMKOHTPH6YUHK)HCKJI}OHHTeJIbHOeMope冖一B4一pa-3Mepe· npaBO20MJIH.POCCHHpy6.HMeTbcepe6poM.bblJ10noHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PYCCKOÏiOHH,K))KHbIMKaKflOMHMOaPMHH)>.H3<CCTeCTBeHHbIM、00TH0Bcero,· pe3YJ1bTa•re《C00aT00H 0 npeHMYIuec,rBaH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           =0,

06P8,30BaHHeMB110C.neAHHeBXO)KAeHHACYBePeHHbIXFOÄbIYKa3aHHOI'OBCB¶3HPeCny6JIHKPerHOHacpacnaAOMHaBCOCTaBHOMCOBerrcK0roKaBKa3ePoccHicKOHC053aB011POCbIHM-H XlXB. HaKOTOPbIe ·A. HMeHHO冖B000qeMTex, HCTOPHH                           eCTeCTBeHHbIX oarOBOpa>)

nepHHCTUIHBb13bIBaTbHeMaJIblÈiHHTePeC.KaKH3BeCTH0,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3HC3THMMbICJIH0CyueCTBOBaHHHKaKOTO_TO                    HanpaBneH_

CKaqHY)KeTOPFOBJIHnpH06pena60n 3HaqeHHe POCCHHBXVIllB.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  IIHLIIYTH000HaHeKOTOþbIenpeBpaI.ueHHe6aKHHCKHeHCTOPHKHaHCKOH B丶丶

cq1106epe)KbeMB300eBaHHbIX一722丨一~723KacrIHäCKOF0npennpHH¶JIrr.,paHeeKoraaTepl)HTopHä.11011b1TKYHpaHMopq.l.naxEronepe)KHBa.n30J1aAe'Tb«nePCHACKHM06HncqBpeM¶BOCTOHHMMHe-rp0M「B03BParueHHfl0•rpynanoxo~yr10JIHTHKan06epe)Kbe一一HocHpaHYHb3a-一MB naHHK))KHJIHAOIHbIXCKHXIlPeACTaBJ1¶iOTCAHB3aK.nroqHJ'1aIYPOK,xoaeHL1eH06OTHOCHTeJIbHO0000HHeHH0、HblcHaAYMaHHb1MH.HpaHat.laTO00·00TeMBTOT000nepHOApOcno、00YHHecpeAHapcTBaMapyHac」00Oep6aMA*aH_、·OBOpHerr一-HHKaKHx·xaHCTB,BKHeMAH_C00·

qeCKOiCMYTbI.1103TOMYPOCCHIHOf6e30C060

KacnHA.BCexXBaTHTbAep6eHT,HOgepe3BaKY,一0nerHPaHCKHeHaaupIIPOBHHUHHHa HOM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      、0NOP60P000n0aHOK000

32

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            432K·65                                                                                                                                                                     33

110ATBePK,aaJICflp CTaTeìinpeABapHTeJ1bHoroAOTOBopa一809r.                                  ycnnu.q,                                          HeCMOTJ1aC00aTbBHpaHeBOHHCKHeqaCTH,CllOC06OTHOCHTeJlbHO110MOU.lHHnomaep)KKHKaA)Kap0BCOCTOPOHbIa}.TJIH_           HbleIlPOTHBOCTOflTbBOhCKaMUaPCKOÏPOCCHH.KaKOTMeqa.JIH

qaH.OAHaKOBCBf13Hcf10A11HcaHHeMMHPHOI'O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Hpa_                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       CKHeClleUHUIHCTbI,60eBY03 eKTHBHOCT BXOAeBOÏHCPoccHeh

HOMHPoccueïl冖OKT16Pb一8一3(.)H)KenaHHeMCOKPaTHTbpa3Mepcy6-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     neMOHCTPHPOBanaJIHLllbKOHHHI.laTIOJlYKOqeBbIx0110nqeHHÏ冖一8一·

CHAHÏ,rlPeAOCTaB.nqeMbIXKazxapaM,aHrJlHqaHeBanpene一8一4r.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CHaqa-naXIXB.HPaHO-aHI'JIHMCKHeCBf13HOKa3aJIHCb

A06HJIHCb3aKJIK)qeHHAHOBOTOHpaH0-aH1'JIHìiCK01'0 (DaK_ TeHHblMHCHPaHO-POCCHäCKHMHOTHOUIeHHAMH.BOFIPeKHHHTepnpeTHHeCKHBHeM IllJ1a0nepecMOTpe <<OKOHqa_ TauHH HCTOPHKOBCTUlHHCKOä3110XH冖一9一·BPaCCMaTPHBaCMb1ä TenbHoro»Aor0Bopa冖一5一· nepHOA 0ce6e3HaTbHeTOJIbKOCOnePHHqeCTBOHBpa)KAa

BnepBOÏICTaTbeAOTOBopa01"()BaPHBaJIHCb063abCTBa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   MÐKAYPOCCHeiHAHFJIHei,HOHHBHOeB3aHMOAeäCTBHeH eCO-

CKOFOrocyAapcTBanepeAAHISJIHeìiB BTOP)KeHHfl TPYAHHqeCTBO. 3T066m0BpeM¶IIPOTHBOCTORHH¶ABYXHMnen60eBponeücK0ìiapMHHB B PHi•IHHanOneOHOBCKOÈiOPaHLIHH.HecnyqaMH03aaKTHBHOeyqaCTHe KaKOFO-JIH60eBponeìicKOI'0rocY'AapcTBaB reHe_ B3aKJIiOqeHHHMHPHOTOAOFOBOpaCHPaHOMB一8一3r.HMnepaTop pan-ry、6epHaTopHHAHHOTHMeHHBeJIHK06pwraHHH>> 6 AJIeKcaHAP一BHerrep6ypreJIHtIHOn06.naronapHJIaHI'JIHiCKOroAHn-

OKOaTbKaltxapaM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BOeHHY}0                                                                                                                     HJIHBMecTO                                                                                                                                                                                                                              nopaaTar.Y3JIH冖20一·OHTaK*e6 Harpa)KaeHPOCCHäCKHM0 e,

3T0、0rlPaBHTeJIbCTBOAHI'JIHH onHO6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       HOMAner€caHApaHeBcKOF0.                            YIIOM HTOB一8一2r.MÐK•

200Tb1C.TYMaHOB冖一50 · CT.).AB PoccueiHAHI*JIHeÈi65m3aKJUOqeHCO3·H3BeCTHO,CITOnocne CTOJIKHOBeHHfl(4)raHHC'IZHac 06e 3aKa'1}OgeHHBrYJIHCTaHCKOI'OAOFOBopaaHI'JIHÏCKaqAHFIJlOMaTH¶

IIPOTHB(4)raHHCTaHa000n00CKa·pacXOAblHaHX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             6pa_                                                                                                                                                                                                   .naranaYCHJIHfl,9T06 110MeI.uaTbAUIbHeäUIHMTIPOABH)KeHHflMpoc-

Hace6flBenHK06PHTaHHfl. oroBOP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             BoeHHOeco_CHHHaHOMKaBKoe.HO3T0 TIPHHHHePOCCHMCKHeBJIacTH,0C0,

TPYAHHqeCTBO(e)KAYABYM¶CTOPOHaMH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B30He                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6eHHOBœHHbIe,BCeMHCHJIO'IHCTPeMHJIHCbOTCTPaHHTbaHl'JIHqaH0T

3aJIHBa冖一6一·  yqaCTH¶BPOCCHìiCKO-HPaHCKHXnepeFOBopax.OAHaKOBKOHeqHOM BHO、0 PeAaKUHHH3TeKCTa6blJlaHTOrePOCCHH3TOTOCAe.naTbHeYAU10Cb.AHFJIHqaHe11PHHflJIH

一8一2r.0110Mou.1HAHI'JIHHBcil)0HTtJ1bCTBeBoeHHbIX060.neeaKTHBHOeyqaCTHeBHPaHO-POCCHÏCKHXneper()ß()pax,KOT()pb1e 6bIJIOCB0HOcYCJ10BHeMrYJIHCTaHCKOT'0  BKOHueBOìÍHbI一82f一828IT.rlPHBeJIHK3aK.JIiOqeHm0TypKMaHqaìÍ-

HpaHYHMeTbHaKacnHHBOeHH)40 OT一·TaK)Ke HCKJffO_                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CKO「0MHPHOrOTPaKTaTa.CornaCHOCOBPeMeHHOMY'aHrJIHäCKOMY

gel-laCTaTbfl0flPH3HaHHHaHrJIHÏCKHMrlPaBHTeJIbCTBOMBcneAOBaTemo3·IdHrpaMy,<<Me)KAY一798r.H一828r.bPHTaHH¶11b1-

3aKOHHOFOIIPeeMHHKaOcraJIH-1naxanpaBHTenq A6_                                             TanaCbYCTaHOBHTbpyccK0-nepcHAcKHeISPaHHI_1b1B          cpoc6acMHP3b1HT. 冖一7一.                            CHeä,aHeBOIIËKHee)KenaHH9M))冖2一一·

BueJIOMB3110XY H BXOAe3aKJ•nOqeHH¶TYPKMaHqaäCKOI'OAOTOB()paaHrJIHiCKHä BOMHBeJIHK06PHTaHHHy 0C5BecoM0 CBOH B Pe3HAeHTBTerePaHeA)KOHMaKAOHUlbAnocpeAcTB()M

HPaHCKOÈi11011HTHKe.110CKOJIbKY          CTPeMHJIHCbnoB03M0 ,                               HHflHpaHYKpynHoÏCYMMb1冖200THC. CT.)HccornacHflJ10HAOHa HOCTHCAeP)KHBaTbpyccKyo3KcnaHCHž0HaKaBKa3e,TO             A06HJICIllHIVHpaH0-aHFJIHäCK01'OnoroB()pa HA66acMHP3aB一798一828rr.OTHOCHJIHCbK                        BecbMa                                         一4、·OHHKacaJlHCbBoeHHoÏ                             HpaHY.IllaxHY c B 6JIarO>KenaTeJIbHO.                       3T0 CYMMe,noCKOJ1bKYyHeroHeXBa•raJ10

AHI'JIHHCKHeBJIaCTH,KOTOPb1eKaKHa B30He                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               POCCHH、00HH0 KOH•rpH6YLIHHno                                TypKMaHqaiCK01'O 0,

3aJJHBa,TaKHHaBOCTOKe,BHH0 He,4)aKTHqecKH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  BAaH_                                                                                                                                                                                                                               rOBOpa.AHI*J'1HqaHe A06HBUIHCbeecBoeBpeMeHHOìi

HblnepHOAC000 MHHpaHa,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        y~HO、HTc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             onacaqcb,HagaTbHOBble

MHIIOWIHHHOCOK)3HHqeCKHe0THou.1eHHR.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3T0                                                                   HM                                                                                                                                                                THBHpaHa冖22一·

IIPHUIJIOCbOTKoaTbC1.06bRCHRJ10Cb3T0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0·                                                                                              HaBCe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Heynaqr-lbleBOìiHblcPoccHeii()Ka3aJIHCHJ1bH0eB03neäCTBHeHa

34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    35


110JIHTHqeCKY006œraHOBKYBHpaHe.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              KpyrH Bbl 兴,

BOCTOKe.BOCCTaHOB.neHHflHe06eHMeHee,--eKTOMCHHTaTbCflHPaHCKHMCOnePHHqeCTCBOeìi0Þ(T()MABOPBJ1acTH、MeBy HpaHaOAHHc..r.paHax,B0epBHaaHanpaBJIeHHH03TOT、·aMHpa3·TeMHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     TOPOAaHpaHY.aHrJIHñCKHM00r.AHFJIHMCKHÏbYWHP,reHepflPOHTenbCTBOM,MoxaMMepa,6epH0K0n0opHHOHHbpnraHcKOÏAXBa.3JlH000-HKopnyc、0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         06 HpaHCKHe一0·00xapK,

JIHUIHJIHCbyapbl·HraHC、0000N00BblHY>KAeHbI,00nepHOABePXOBHOMrocy、Illeecg000006b1JIH」、BJlacTHnocne0-HO、rw6eJIH、(e)KAOYC06HUbI.·HHC06CTBeHHO、Han00、c0·;B00PTOAHOHHE000、peMq·HaBcerAa冖0一·~~0000K~、r.),,                                                                        CKHX[IPHT93aHHHMHPHbIV1CKHÏ00CKflPOBHHUHìi.110CJ1aHHHK·110TepneJIH0乛OBOPHaCYBepeHHTeT·OappoxHPaHCKHiHO110paxeHHe3TOMYxaHmaxTeppwropHHA01'0B0py冖200一·4HMapmHHpaHc5H0;07、H; He3aBHCH_OTHpaH_BCex

HpaHOM.CKOFOHO0:xaHCTBa,=000n00n0:、3KOHOMHqeCKH00H、60J1bl.uyro=H0 yHa00n00、0TecHOHHHeHcBq3aHHOro=AnH_max0r00c,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0TOP0MOCTbB~pe3YJIbTaTerepaTa0000nH0HBcero3aXBa-raXlXA(þraHHcTaHa、'1'YPKMeHCKHX0qaCTHOCTH冖24一·00M0n,000T0、cpeHO、0Hen06epe3aMerrHOA3HM、0


per.IIHJ1HarlPOHTbCBOH Ha                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        repaTcKOrO

nocneu.IHJ1-E00flPaBHTeJIeM」、∕3a,,AM:==」0000u.laxa,、TerepaH,:0」repapra000unar000~=」000·O00000He:00000-HpaHCKHMH」HOblMY3:0000n0nM00Tn、B00M0000M00:00n0」HOCTHeMA0000、KOM00MHOTyqacTBOBaTbKaMHp3b10丶MHp3b1aMMe000P

B60P66e3a TPOH.

upaHLlbI0-B110XO一BblHY)KAeHbI~、、·MOrepaT,6bIJIHHOmax、pe3YJ1bTaTeK· ap一838冖;OTKPbITOìÍ004·丨(8)yP00-一AHrnHHaH_HO_ r.rIH00、0n000n」-CT、0          epHB 0raHcKHx aMHPOBIIPOTHBHpaHa.

JIHBe,TenHPaHCKHX-0T00IlPeA11PHHflTb1ìi110TPe60BanaAHI"JIHH,BOMCKBKOTOpag,0、HanpaBJleHHH0KOHueaHPaHCKHX3aXBaTHB;0一ㄧ00 0BxapK;02B00nepcHACKOMmy60e·HOAHnnOMa_BMeMla_noxoA3a_

•raMnoKOTOPOMYy 00-1.naxcK0e3ac•raBHTb         caAp_a3aMa0613a-renbCTBOnoAnHcaTb 0He0BMe_、Op LUHBaTbCflB11peAbBOBHYTPeHHHe                               xaHCTBa,ecnH

B(3T0「0He) =0 000·H0000 ,=0 冖一848—1896)Y3Ha、000


TR3aHHqxIl()aaeP)KHBaeMOFOBTOT


BHTeJIEOBHTbaM=00000nMoxaMMeay00T00h0,一oxaMMe0 xaHano、BH3T00MC06blTHer0006bInoHe3aBHCHMOMY」0」HcnOJIb30BaHOOTnpa_npa_


36

Kacnuq,POCCHBCT0H0n00P0CT、eHH()ìí0000KOHpaHa.

CKOeYKpe11HBTIPaBHTeJ1bCTBOCBOHBOeHHO-f10JIHTHqecKHeBblHYAHJ10TerepaH BperHOHe,B一88一r.pOccHi_Axan_

XO、000:0Y}000、00 HY 0=、 H·()HaY00OH一 paHH

(e)KAYHpaHOMHPoccHeìánopeKeATpeK冖20一·

BMeCTe0 no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              、0nP000

HOCTHcoceAHHX0AXU1-TeKHHCKHM000n00MTYPKMeHCKHX

PHÏHe6bIJIpa.3peu.1eH.He6bIJIH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                npaBOBbIe

TYPKMeHCKOTOHblM0」0一70M00HaceneHHq、00、00Nn00KPOCCHHH00M0H-·000n0n0兴eHHbIx3any.raH_

:40000000000000n0000Y0060J1-1.11npaBHTeneä,H0MeCTOPOHbI,HaMHHRMAPYTHXE006bUIHB00g0、B000000-y一flPOflBJIflJIHnpH6e=0」Axan-TeKe50n0y:TYPKMeHCKHX一=00P00丶=0N00E0:00T000POCCH¶=00-00000m」0、0~KaA).Kapb1、0000,=·Kc0一CKJ10HHOCTb0·000HH0HacTOÏqHB0=T00=冖~000H-0」0-0000一·一一r.00M0n00·00'TypKMeHcKHe0B000Y一·0000-02」00OMYxo000M一丶-」:=K0=50r.-000」000000·0000=0♂=B·」eMHO0M00Hc0HpaHOM80_xpo、00=、∕000Te0==TypKec.raHa:0000、auHH=0」0MaH-00=0==」=axH0BY==0=00、0q0·、=eHn0000HcK0、:n000=0q00T000HpaHOM.cBOHMn00ue畕、KM00·:」00POccHH00m0=000MOP000冖200090、00m00na,0P6nT00一MeHHeM·c=、Ce3THX000H0000H0冖000·、0POM0、onpy~0=一0、·∕03e_00000,、丶,,

Me 一、n000M A、」aHHe= H、0000 0

3K3EMnJ19PB.A.APThCEBhqcry     A97~5…~ MaK-MaI'0H.BTeqeHHe

KallHHHPaHO-$aHCKOMCHcTaH•HOBan neMaPKaUHR6b1J1a30ep1•ueHaB一903r•B06 e CnO)KHOCTHB一87一, 一903IT.rocynapCTBeHHbIerPaHHUbI6bIJIHYCTaHOBneHblHaripOTq)KeHHHBCexBOCTOMHbIX                                           HpaHa,OTCePaXCaHaceBepe0 n06epe-3aJIHBareBaTepB MOHaBH3 IHTHyqacTKOBBOCTOHHOìirvaHHLIbl llPOBOAWlaCbc

THeMr.naBHbIXap6ffIPOB,… FOYJIACMHTa,MaK-Mar0Ha,MaKJIHHaHXOYJIAHKa冖29一·Ha

yqacTKe,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HPaHCKOäflPOBHHUHH冖xaHCTBa)KanHaTrpa-

HHHHJ1aC(d)raHHCTaHOM,OKOHqaTeJlbHaq

HaJIHu1bB一935r.BKaqecTBeap6HTPa

reHepa.n0.AJITaHcnopBOKPYFBOAHb1Xpecypc0B·

KHXHPMaHA,060CTPHBLUHMCflB一929Bnb

CTOPOHH neper0Bop0B•1103T0BonpocyB一939r•6-15100

Hoe(wuoqeHO)poaeneHHeBOAXHPMaHAaYW10THHb1(COrnal-UeHHe•OHO)KeMaJlH》冖一·00(paB-)

Ony6JIHKOBaHHbIeB90•X HHCTHTYTOMCOBPeMeHHbIXHCTOPHqeCKHXHCCneAOBaHHi冖TerePaH)                                  MaTePHanbIH

HaytIHbIepa60TbInoHCTOPHH

CTpaHbI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   OHH

HTOIIPeACTaBHTeJIH6PHTaHCKHXBnaaeHHìÍBHHAHHHBueJlOMbPHTaHCKaqAH11JIOMaTH¶BKOHueXIX, XXBB•B XopacaHe,CHCTaHe,beJIYA)KHCTaHeHMeKPaHe HanpaBJIeHHYOHaOC.na6neHHeBJIaCTHTerePaHaHaBOCTOKe• 3TOMaHI'JIHqaHe,BHHTePeCaXYIlPOqeHH¶CBOHX HTOPrOBblX r103HI.IHìáBperHOHe,OllHPUIHCbHaMOryueCTBeHHble eO bH一e POAbi,3HaTbKPYflHblXHaxaHOBHHeKOTOPbIMH3HHXBPHTaHHflBblnnaHHBa•naAeHe)KHbleCY6CHAHH[3一一.B HeKOTOPbIX llPOBOAHMafl6PHTaHCKHMHBnaCTAMHHOCT-HHAHÏCKOÏTOPrOBafl BBOCTOqHbIXOKPaHHaXHpaHa K3KOHOMHqeCKOMY 0qWIeHHe qeTKOI'lPOCJIe)KHBaeTCflHa)KHTHHUbICHCTaH'

pacn0J10)KeHHoiBHH30Bb¶XpeKHXHPMaHA•OTOM'qTOOHa

Bnom-IblìíynaÄOKBPe3YJ1bTaTe《B eHHO

3eMJIH>>,CBHAeTCJIbCTBYIOTHPaHCKHMHYqeHbIMH

OBaHH 冖32一·H3· IIPOHCKOBaHrJlHqaHB3TOTnepHOAupaHnHIllH00 CBOHXTQPHTOPHÏ•3-冖HnoTepH                        0006eHH0

HaHHTeJlbHbIMH3BHCHCTaHe•


rocYAapcTBeHHbIe      HpaHaCOCMaHCKOÏ                                 K Haga.nyXIXB.BOMHOTOMCOXPaHRJIHCBOHOgePTaHM¶,yCTaHOB•neHHbleB一639r.30Xa6CKHM OFOBOPOM·BnepHOArlPaBJ1eHHq

POB,OAHaKO,BOTHOLUeHHH                          TOi                                             ftpHrpaHHHHOÏTePPHTOPHH(e)KAYBJlaCTflMHABYXrOCYAaPCTBB03HHKUlH cepbe3HbIeCllOPbI,BPeMeHaMHnePePaCTaBl.UHe8BOOPY)KeHHbleKOHH I,anopo OHHRBJI¶JIHCb                            BOHb-·KaK3T0flPOH30B一82一r.IdpaH0-Type11KagBOMHa30ePUIW1acb B一823r• KOTAaB3p3epyMe6bIJI3aKJIK)geHMHPHbIä 0r0B0 CePbe3HbIe BPDK,ae6HbIeaKLIHH,TaKHeKaKno orOCMaHUaMH MyxaMMapbl H BPeMeHHaq OKKynaUHB HpaHOM r•                          BHOBb I'lPHBeJIHABarocynapcTBaHarpaHbBOiHbl•B一843r•06arOCYAaPCTBaFIPHHRJIHCOBMeCTHOeIlPeAJIO)KeHHellPaBHTeJlbCTB        H POCCHH·0110CPeAHHqeCTBe.OAHaKOBTOPOiMHPHblä orOBOP6

nonnucaHB3P3ePYMe 3一Mag一847r•FloHeMYTOPHCTaqqacTb 30xa6a6bIJ1anepeAaHaHpaHY,aPOHHHHag,OCMaHCKOiHMnePHH一33一·HOOKOHgaTeJIbHOeCOrnaI.neHHeOTHOCHTeJIbHOPa3TPaHHqeHHg(e)KAYBYrOCynaPCTBOfH6bIJIO3aKJliOqeHOJIHLUbHe3a0ro 0BCTynneHH%OCMaHCKOäTYPUHHBnepBY10

OÏHYBB一9一4r.TeMHeMeHee,HeKOTOPblellOPHbIeCBOflPOCblB30He peKHWaTr-3JIb-Apa6H                                 3T0r0OCTOUIHCbHeyPerYJIHPOBaHHbIMH冖34一·TaKHM06POOM,CyueCTBYK)IJ.IHeKKOHLO'XXCTOJ1eTH¶ FOCYAaPCTBeHHbIeI'PaHHUblHpaHaBOCHOBHOMCJIO)KHJIHCbB HB HaganeXXBB.

BIIOCJICACTBHHHPaHCKHerPaHHUbIHa 110TePneJIHJIHLllbHe3HaqyreJIbHbIeH3MeHeHHfl.OHH6bIJIH{IPOBeAeHblBHTOreABYXCTOPOHHHXCOT.naI.neHHÏ.OAHaKOB30HenePCHACKOrO3aJIHBaMOPCKHeI'PaHHUbIHpaHaBnePBbIe6bIJIH        BCOOTBeTCTBHHC AOCTHrHYTbIMHAOTOBOPOfH冖BmpaqnOJlOBHHaXX(,)cCayAOBCKOä ApaBHeä,IdpaKcK0äPecny6JIHKOìiHAPYTHMHaPa6CKHMHCTPaHaMH•

1·2·IdpaHB•epeBH H eBPOneiáCKHXrocyaaPCTB

rocynapcTB0Ka,11)Kap0B,06pa•30BaHH0eBKOHueXVIIIB"Heno CBOeÈiBoneBCKOpeOKO OCflOAKJIK)qeHHblMK60Pb6eBe-rlHKHX aeP)KaBEBponbI丨ÖPaHUHH,BeJIHK06PHTaHHMHPOCCHH•TIbITaflCb COXPaHHTbFIOABnaCTHbIeHMTCPPHTOPHH,KaÃ)KaPbIPetLIHJIHCbHa BOMHYCABYMflMOIYIueCTBeHHbIMHrOCYAaPCTBaMH:                                        HAHr-

JIHeä,Bpe3YJlbTaTePOBnaHHbIXKOJIOHHUlbHblX80H3THCTpaHbl IlPOABHHYJIHCbKTOCYAaPCTBeHHbIMrPaHHl-taMHpaHa•KaA)KapaM

39

CTUIOHe110 flPOAOJI)KaTbHCTOPH}03aBOeBaHHÏBeJIHKOI'OBOHHaHaAHp-I.uaxaHIlPOAOJ1)KHTbHagaTOeIIPHHeMycneI.IIHoeIIPOTHBOAeMCTBHe3KCnaHCHHCOCTOPOHblPOCCHHHAHI'JIHH.XOT¶HOHH HerlPOHb6bIJIHBTOP)KeCTBeHHb1X                                         BOCflO 30BaTbC 11PHBe-

3eHHbIMHHMH3rlOXOIlaB BœHHbIMH 0eMH,BenHKOJlenHbIMHrOCYAaPCTBeHHbIMHCHMBOJIaMHBJIaCTH KOPOHO TPOHOMHT.·一·HpaHOTHbIHeCTUIcrrpaHOi,nePe)KHBarOl.ueÈi 11PeJIK)AHK) 60J11110 冖35一·KOTOpaqBCKopepa3BepHynacb (e)KAYPOCCHeMHAHrJIHeiiHanpocmpaxCpeAHeroBoc'1'0KaH 1--(eHTPaJIbHOMA3HH.

BueJIOMnopaxeHHA,KOTOPbIeno-repneJIHpaHBHpaH0-PYCCKHX HHPaHO-aHFJIHÏCKHXBOäHaxBXIXB.,I'lPHBeJIHK3HaHHTeJ1bHOMY

BXOÄALUHXBCOCTOHpaHCKOI"OrocYAapcTBa3eMeJ1b. Bpe3YJIbTaTe3THXBOiHHPIAaAPYI'HXKOH(þJIHKTOB3eMJIH,npeHMYI.ueCTBeHHO3ace.neHHbIea..3ep6ahA)KaHcKHMH110PKOfH,aPúMH,KYPAaMH, 、PKMeHaMHH6enyaxaMH,OKOUIHCbPOAeneHHbIMHMe)KAY' HpaHOMHCOCeAHHMHrocyAapCTBaMH.BOMHOI'HXCJ1yqaqx3T06IJIO Bb13BaHOTeM,HTOBOBpeMflonpeAeneHHA1101'PaHHHH0ìiJIHHHHnepBOCTeneHHOe3HageHHeIIPHnaBanocb3KOHOMHqeCKHM,BœHH0-110JIHTHEOCKHMHreorp*qecKHMÞCTOPaM,a3THHqeCKHeOC06eHHOCTH HaCeneHHflperHOHa,KaKnpaBHJIO,BOBHHMaHHeHeflPHHHMUlHCb冖36一· OAHOBPeMeHHOBOMHbICPoccHeìiHAHI'JIHeÈÍ03HaMeHOBaJIHco60KOHe[.lTOTOnepHOAa, KOToporoc•rpaHaBCe60J1bL11e

BHJIaCb06beKTOMTOPTOBOM3KCIIaHCHHeBPOneÈiCKHXAep)KaB,floc-reneHHOIlPeBPaTHBLUHCbHHXBPbIHOKC6bITa.KOJ10HHU1bHb1MAep)KaBaM,rupe)K..aeBCeroAHBIHHHPOCCHH, II()MOIIIHnonKYf10BH npyruxcpeACTBBPeMeH01HYAOa.nocbnpeBpaTHTbMHOI'HXnpeAc•raBHTeneä eo HO BePXYLUKH,BHAHbIXOTOPHTVI'OBH3HHCJ1a MYCYJIbMaHCKOTOAYXOBeHCTBaHpaHaBopyAHeCBOeìiTIOJIHTHKH.

BTO BpeM¶noB03AeÏCTBHeMBœHHbIXHeyAaq,HaHeCUIHX KaA)KapcKOMY I.uaxcTBY KPOMe 3HaqHTeJIbHblX TeppHTOPHU1bHb1x TIOTepbOl'POMHbIÏ                                              YPOHHMOP bH一

yuep6, 11POCBeLUeHHb1XCaHOBHHKOB冖A66acMHP3a,MHP3aTarH xaHAMHp-He3aM,MHP3aXoceìiHxaHCenaxcanapH ㄗ一nocpeaCTBOMped)()pM11blTUIHCbCOAeìiCTBOBaTbBblXOAYHPaHCKOFO

BaH3110JIOCbInp0ÄOJ1)KaBI.uerocaKPH3HCaHCOUHUIbHO-3KOHOMHqeCKOMOTCTUIOCTH.OCHOBHbIe30fbICJIbICTOPOHHHKOB OAHaK0, BKOHeqHOMHTOreHeBOILJIOU.lUIHCbB)KH3Hb.HxYCHJIHflBc-rpeqanH PellIHTeJ1bHOeIlPOTHBOAeiCTBHeCOCTOPOHbI60J1b1ÐHHCTBarocr10A-

CTBYK)I.IÅeTO eo6H0r0Ulacca,Hape)KAeBceroIl()J1b3()BaBl.ueFOC¶ OFPOMHbIMBJIHAHHeMKPYFIHOI'01.11HHTCKOF0AYXOBeHCTBa.f10CJleAHHe HeOCTOJI¶JIHB110KOe HOneIlHHKanpeCTOJ1a,

napCTBeHHOFO                                   HCTOPOHHHKaMOAePHH3aAHH,                        A66acaMHP3Y,06BHH BCHMnaTH¶XK«rqypaM-(þpaHKaM>>.BMOHO-

FIOCBflu.IeHHOä061.ueCTBeHH()-flOJlHTHqeCK()ä

MHP3b1XoceìiHxaHa冖一827一881),r.Harua•rlibrraercqBblflBHTb

HHHbITOTO,nogeMYYCHJIHArnaBbI 11PaBH•reJ1bCTBa,

HbleHaynpoqeHHerocYAapcTBeHHoìíBJlaCTH,HaqacTHHHYK)

PH3aUHIOcyae6HOViCHCTeMbI,HJIHHAeHOCTPC)wreJ1bcTBe)Kene3HbIX noporBcTpaHe,Bb13BaJIHpe3KoeHen()BOJ1bCTB0MHOFHX6JIU3KHXK maXCKOMYABOPYCaHOBHHKOBHPeJIHTH03HbIXaBTOPHTeTOB.OAHH 06 BenJIHero丶<3bIHAbIKOM>>冖ePeTHKOM),aapyrHe eTPe6()BaJIH e、0KOHH.Bce3T0IIPOHCXOAHJIOBYCJIOBH¶X,KornacaM Hacep a,a-AHHOTHOCHJICRKMHP3e xaHYBecbMa6naFOCKJIOHHO.

MOJIOAOMInaxHa.3HaHHJI MHHHCTPOMK)CTHUHH.AB

一87一r.u.laxYTBePAHJIero丶丶                            T.e.BeJIHKHMBe3HPOM 冖r.naBOänpaBHTeJIbCTBa).Llepe3ABa OH,OAHaK0,6 noCHJIbHbIMAO.neHHeM npeACTaBHTeneìiBblC1.neT()

AYXOBeHCTBaI.uaxBblHY>K,aeH6bIJIOT11POHTbB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CBOeT()

BeJIHK01R0Be3Hpa冖37一·

B06eCJIO)KHOCTHB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             XlXB.HH

pe(þ01)MaBCTpaHe110JIHOCTbhOHe6bIJIaBonnou.1eHaB兴H3Hb·BTO)Ke BpeM9 B110JIHTHKO-aAMHHHCTPaTHBHOM ycrpoìícTBe

KaA)Kap0B,B(þHHaHCOBOäCHCTeMe,AHflJ1()MaTHqeCK()äH-raM())KeH-

HOCJIY)K6ax,B06naCTHKYJIbTYPb1H06pa30BaHH¶cprpaHbIh

6bIJIHflPOBeneHbIMePOflPH¶TH¶,KOTOPb1e

BUIHH3BeCTHOäMOAePHH3aLlHHHpaHa.llpeYBeJIHHHBaTb

OCYLleCTB.neHHblXHOBOBBeAeHhäHeCJleAyeT,HOHen602

(H)KaTbHXMecTOBPOBHTHHHPaHCKOÏroc).'AaPCTBeHHocTHH06, uecTBa.KOI'AaBecHOä一796r.OCHOBæreJ1bKauþKapcKoro

CTBaB30u.leJlHaTPOHH66mOd)Ht_(HU1bHOKOPOHOBaH冖38一·ero 丶eHTpaJIbHaqaAMHHHCTPaUHfl)>冖KPOMe丶 poaMa»)BKJIK)qa.naBce6q B Be3HPOB冖MHHHCTPOB)urpynnynucapeìi冖39一·

PaculHpeHHeTOPI"OBO-3KOHOMHHCCKHXCBf13eiceBponeìíCKHMH

rOCYAaPCTBaMH,aTaK)KeCRXKOJIOHHaJIbHbIMHBJ1aneHHRMH

CHJIbHOeB03neiCTBHeHa3KOH()MHqeCf'ãOHCOUHU1bHYK)

BCTpaHe.YBeJ'IHqeHHeHM110PTaH3KOJI()HHU1bHb1XcrrpaHnPHB()AHJIO

KynaAKY3HaHHTeJ1bHOÈiqaCTH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HKY'œrapH01"()

33aK.65



yqaCTHe0HIM HOI"OJ10HAOHaB3T0 cneJIKe. 3TOMOHa0•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 BblCI.neI'03TanaBOBËM¶                              BOCCTaHHA,BHaqaneAHBapq

ABHYK)(þaKTHqeCKYK)01UH6KY冖53一.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        一892r.OHO6IJIOBb13BaHOaeüCTBHeM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               KOTOPb1ìinpHKa3aJ1

CAeJIKaTa6aHH0ìÍKOHUeCCHHnpH06pena                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ornacKYB                                                                                                                                                                                      BeAYIueMYMYA)KreXH,ayCTOJIHUbIMHP3aXacaHALUTH¶HHOTMeHHTb

CTpaHenocne110flBJIeHHA0HeìíKPHTHqeCKOìíCTaTbHHa                            3anpeTHaKYËHHe.BINPOTHBHOM AUITHflHHy--0~一aHenepcHAcK0ìíCB060HO ra..3eTbI<(Axrrap»,         BCT•aM-                                  MeAJIeHHaflBblCbIJIK.aH3TerepaHa.BOCCTaHHeBCTOIIHUeHaqaJIOCb 6y.ne冖54一·AeÈÍCTBHflI.uaxaHcaap-a30faBb13BU10pe3K0eHeAOBOJ1b- YTPOM4flHBapg一892r.,KOTAa丶<B03T.naB.nqeMag3K3UIbTHPOBaHHb1M CTBO110BCeìiCTpaHe.BOMHOFHXKPY11Hb1Xrop0AaxHHaCeneHHbIX           CeHAOMBroy60Mnop6aHe»TO.nnaTOPO)KaHflbITaJlaCbRPOHHKHYTb

IlYHKTaxTIPOKaTWIaCbBOJIHaaHTH11PaBHTeJ1bCTBeHHb1X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B3AaHH¶UlaXCKOTOABOPLIaB rOJIeCTaH.bOJIbLIIHHCTBOBb13BaH-

PIXYHaCTHHKHTpe60BaJIHOTMeHblKOHUeCCHH.3aLUHTHHKaMHno06, HbIX oxpaHbIABOpuacap6ø,30BOTKa3UIOCbOTKPbITbOTOHno HblXBblCTyn.neHHžCTUIHIIPeACTaBWreJIH3ap0)KAaBLueìÍcq TOJ1ne.HOrlPH6bIBU.IHäHaMecTOC06bITHÈáOTP ClleLIHUIbHOI'O

3HH,BqaCTHOCTHTOPI'OBUbITa6aKOM,PeMeCJ1eHHHKH,a•raK)Ke                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              110JIKaHaganCTËJIflTbBJIiOe·Bpe3YJIbTaTe 6noy6HTOceMb

HblenpeACTaBHTeJIHAYXOBeHCTBa冖55一·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MOI*CT&ITOB.                                                                            3T0r0npecnenyeMaqCOJIaaTaMHTO.nnaBOC-

Ta6aK冖KU1bHHHb1i)6IJIoHO H3(a)KHeìi111HX HpaH- CTOLUHX06PaTH.naCbB6eTCTBO.HOBblCTY11JIeHHfl3aOTMeHYKOHLteCCKOFO PaCTeHHeBOACTBa. HOHeKOTOPb1MAaHHb1M,B90,x CHH11POAOJDKUIHCb冖60一·

XIXB.IlPHMePHO2MJIH.HpaHueBH38—9-MHJIJIHOHHOI'O                         6AHBapgIl.laxC03B COBe•r,HaKOTOPOM6bIJIOIlPHHflTOperneHHe CTpaHbIBXOAHJIHBMHCJIOeronoerpe6HTeneä.B3TOT                06aHHYJIHPOBaHHHTa6atlHOäMOHOIIOJIHH.BOBpeMAAe6aTOBBaHCTUI OHO H3 rnaBHbIX                                   HPaHCK0ìi                                        TOprOBJIH.                                          I'JIHÏCKOMnapnaMer•rreTa6at•IHaqKOHLleCCHfl6bIJ1aHa.3BaHa<<Y)KacBCrraM6y.neqHCJ1eHHOCTbHpaHCKHX                      3aHflTbIX                                         HbIM06MaHOM>>.ATeMBPeMeHeM,BMapTeToro)KeI*OAa,Me)KAY Ta6aKa,COCTaB.nqnaHeMeHee500genoBeK冖56一·                 IIPeACTaBHTeJ1¶MH<<Ta6aHHOT0YI'IPoneHHA>>HHPaHCKHMFIPaBHTeJ1bOC060roHaKanaBblVIYflJIeHHfl           CTBOM66一no110A11HcaH0COrnaII.IeHHeOTHOCHTeJ1bHOpa.3MepaHe、Ta6aHHOÏMOHOIIOJIHHAOCTHI'JIHBHaqa.neAeKa6pq一890r.,      YCTOÏKH,                                         HpaHCOrnaCHJIC¶BblnnaTHTbKOMflaHHH.

KOFAaBcTpaHeOTHMeHHFJIOHOI"O •rex CYMMY,500000 ··BKaqecTBe3aäMa,noCYI.uecTBYnoYCJIOBHAM MHP3aMoxaMMeaaXacaHaLl.IHpa3H6b1J1apacnpoc•rpaHeHa , Ka6UIbHOI'O,11PaBHTeJ1bCTBOI.naxa3aHWIOyIMaXHHI.naXCKOI'OaHBa冖57一·BKOTOPO noTpe6neHHeMYCYJ1bMaHaMHTa6aKa6 06 B, FJIHÏCKOI'06aHKa. 06 nepBbIìiKPY11HbIä3aeM,I'lOnyqeHHbIVI neHO丶丶xaPaMOM)>冖3anpeIueHHbIM). 0T3anpe•T HPaHCKHMFOCYAaPCTBOMyHHOCTPaHHOrOyHPe)KAeHHfl.<<flOCTOflHHO aaTbC¶60JIbLUHHCTBOMHPaH1.1eB.CornacH0B03pacTa101.uaqCneTOfHUIMHOCTbI.naxaKAeHbraM>>,0KOTOPO

Bpaqawaxa,BCeTOP HeTa6aKOMnaBKH6 H3aKPbITb1,BCe IIHCUIpycCKHÏ110CJIaHHHKBTerepaHer.66u0B·0P0r00601MJlaCb KUIb¶Hbl6blJIHOCTaBneHb1.HHKTO60J1b1MeHe HHBTerepaHe, HCaMOMYHPaHCKOMYaecnow.BOBpeM¶1.1ePeMOHhHnpa3AHOBaHHfl <<HHBOKPY)KeHHHIllaxa,HH eBeroaHAapyHe»冖BOBHy•rpeHHHX 111TH.aeCflTHneTH¶UaPCTBOBaHH¶Hacepa,a-AHHI.uaxa OH f10KOflXwaxcžcoroABopua)冖58一·6IJIy6HT冖一Mag一896(.)IVXOBHb1MITOCneAOBaTeJ1eMBHAHOI'OMYBecbMaaKTHBHaq,nopoBepo Bpa3BePTblBaHHHABH_ CYJ1bMaHCKOI'OrlOJ'IHTHqeCKOI'O CeiHAa a,u-ÅHHa )KeHHA3aaHHYJIHPOBaHHe KOHUeCCHH Acana6aAH冖A(þraHH)丨MHp3a-Pe30V1KepMaHh冖6一一·

03HblXLUHHTCKHXaBTOPHTeTOB,BqaCTHOCTH,06 CH ac                     HpaHcKaflHCCneAOBaTeJIbHHLIaXOMaHaTerB一992「·BnapH)Ke BOMHOFHXperHOHax,HanPHMePBLl.lHpocKOM,BOKpeCTHOCT¶X       Ony6JlHKOBUIaKHHrynoHCTOPHHTÚHHOHKOHUeCCHHhLl]axhH03.YPMHRBA3ep6aäA)KaHeH ㄗ」HaBaKy4)Hb1X3eMJIflX,               IllaXCKOTO6aHKa.OnnpaqcbHaAOKYMeHTbI,OHaBHec.naMHOTOHOBO)KaUlHX,KaKH3BeCTHO,MYCYJIbMaHCKHMyqpeyaeHH¶M,6bI0UIHPOKO roHBpacKPbITHe1103MH npeACTaBHTeneäHPaHCKOìi6ypxya3HHB pactIPOCTpaHeHOB03ÄeJ1bIBaHHe•ra6aKa冖59一·                XO.aeABH)KeHHRnpOTHBTa6aqHOiMOHOflOJIHH.BynyqHOAHHMH3

110C.nePell.IHTeJIbHblXHIMHPOKHX•re6PH3CKHX         KOH-                                             60raTeìiIÐH,xmoneìiHpaHaHHMeq                         KLUaXCKOMY BOP AMHH 一89一r.ABH)KeHHenp0THBKOHueccHH                                      Hah_0,3ap6·ApyrHeBHAHbIenpeACTaBHTeJIHTOPI"OBOTOKanwra.na,a'18K-

48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         49

UIHHTCKOTOAYXOBeHCTBaaKTHBHO6b一npHrnau.IeHBJIOHAOH.TaMe「01103HaKOMHJIHcKPY11HblM IIPOTHB3aKa6aneHHflHpaHaBe-TlHK06PHTaHHeìÍH                                           YHJ1bAMOMHOKCOMA'ApcH.Banpene一90一r.A'APCH ABH)KeHHeIIPOTHBTa6aHHOMKOHUeCCHH OPM 6H0                     BMeCTeCOCBOHMH110BePeHHbIMHA.MapHOTTOMH3·KOTTOM

JIOCbn06e0·B3TOM HCTOPHqeCKOe OAHaKO0H0He                                    BHJIA.KHTa6HH-XaHa 3aKJIhOqeHHflCI.uaXOMKOHueCCHOHH()r0 IIPeAOTBPaTHJIO                                         3KOHOMHqeCKOìÍH                                  3Kc-                                            COI'.naI.ueHH¶06HPaHCKOìiHe(þTH冖63一·

LUeCTBeHHOTOMHeHHR冖62一·

3aHHOeABH)KeHHeflBHJlOCb

LuaxOnaCUICflHeraTHBHOiPeaKI.lHHPOCCHH.

BHpaHe06·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           COFJIaU.IeHHfl,TOTOTKOUICA110A11HCaTbAOKYMeHT.rnaBHblM06Pa30M

naHCHHKOJIOHHUIbHbIX B BTO 0H0qBWIOCb AHFJIHÏCKHÈÍ110CJIaHHHKBHpaHeA.rapnHHI'OKO 60J1bUIYK) IlPeABeCTHHKOM HPaHCKOM KOHCTHTYUHOHHOÏ 一905, ycnyry11PeACTaBHTeJ1¶M APCH.OAHaK0KoraaA.Mapuo•rrnpen一9一一IT.BflOJIHeMOHOCOT.naCHTbC¶C3·•JIaM6TOHBTOM' TOyKa- CTOHJIwaxy110ATOTOBneHHbIäHMBaPHaHTTeKCTaKOHI_IeCCH()HHOF0


1101'H6111eroIllaxaHaTPOHe3aMeHHJl~一03a ap 110BonpocyKOHUeCCHHA.rapnHHrBCTPVTHJICIcrnaB()Hnpa(UaPCTBOBaJ1B一89f一906rr•)•BOCHOBHOMOH BHTe$1bCTBa CaAP-oaMOM AMHH OC-COJITaHOM 冖OH*eArra6aK-e qeCKYEOJIHHIÐOCBOeroOTua•I-IPHHeM ABOpa A30f).3a06eaH CYMMYrl()CneAHHä06e CBOK) HMeJIHTeHAeHLlHK)KYBeJIHqeHHEO•OAHOBPeMeHHO 06a [IOMO XOT¶HCJ1bIJ1 C006 HBIllaxy,LITOCOCTOPOHb1 CYMMa,Bb111.naHHBaeMagBKaqecTBe H noc06H POCCHÌCKOÌMHCCHHHHKaKHXB03PaxeHHäOTHOCHTeJ1bH0KOHueccH11PHHuaMH3POAaKaaxaPOB•ca65 H60ne3HeHHb1VfM03*ap OHHOFOCOI'JIaUIeHHflHef10CTY11HJ10,OH 06HJIC ero()(þHqnaJ1bHOF() AHH,no06H0CBOeMY0T· 冖B一90P一902H一905rr•)8· YTBep)KneHHfl.OTHMeHHASAPCHcor.naI.IEHHenonnucaJIA.MapHBeprna.nPaCTOHHTeJIbHble BCTpaHbl BCe3TH06- 0 ·Il()CJIe3T0r0FIPeACTaBHTeJIbcaap-a.30,faflBWICflBpoccHäcKyro CTO¶TeJ1bCTBaBblHY)K,WIH TIPaBWœJlbCTBO 3a MHCCHK) H(4)HLIHUIbHOC006 WI OCOCTO¶BI.neìiC¶ CAeJIKe冖64一· KPOCCHH,H, KaHFJIHìÍCKOMYI-I-IaXHHmaXCKOMY6 · 1103AHee,Bd)eBpa.ne一902re,KOI'AaOTPOCCHÏCKOI"04)HHaHC()BOFO TeMBPeMeHeMCBOenpaBOHa HcKOna— areHTaBTerepaHe3·K.rpy6eB POCCHHnocrynwuoc006ueHHe eMb1XBHpaHe 6aHK 3a一50Tb1C• CT•0TOM,q0A'APCHyn.naTHJ13aKOHUeCCH}OB3T Bpa3Mepe50THC. (þHPMe<<IIeP111HMaMHHHT popa- IYMaHOB,CTUIO*CHO,noqeMYca,ap-a.3aMTaKnerKOYCIYIIHJIAaBJ1eHHkO 60TKHHPaHCKHXH$flHbIXMeCTOPO)KAeHHÏ• He B aHFJIHHaHHHeTOJlbKOHeHCKUI110MOLUHyPYCCKHX,HOCKPbIJ1OTHHX Ol'OBOPeHHbIÏCPOKOPraHH30BaTb H aKTneper0B01)0BCIlPeACTa.BHTeJIRMHaHTJIHÏCKOI'()KOHAeCCHOHePa.

MHPOBaHa.BTO BpeM¶CYl•UeCTBOBaHHe BMecTeCTeMBblCTY11J1eHHePOCCHHIIPOTHBKOHUeCCHHHe66m0 He4)TH6no110ATBeP)KAeHOHOBblMHH3blCKaHH¶MH•B一900r• HaCTOÏHHBbIM.006CH r.naBHbIM06Pa30M'reM,'ITOuapcK0e flapH)Ke CeKPe•raPb 3·KO06paTHJ1BHHMaHHe flPaBHTeJIbCTBOHe en0BTOTnepHOAHATHHayxYAI.neHHeOTHOHa3THCBeAeHHfl 3aHHMaBl•llerOc一894r• u.IeHHìÍCBeJIHK06PHTaHHeä.BTO)KeBËM¶aHFJIHÏCKOäAH11JIOMaflOCTCOBeTHHKaHPaHCKOäAHIlJlOMaTHqeCKOäMHCCHHB THeä6bIJIHIlPeAIIPHH¶Tbl {IPH3BaHHbIeCMAT'HHTbHeraTHBHYK) 6bIBLIJerOrnaBHOrOAHPeKTOPaHPaHCKHXTOfOXeH• PeaKUHK)POCCHH.TaK,IIPHpopa60TKeTeKCTaKOHLIeCCHOHHOT0CO-

KHTa6HH-XaH,rpy3HHnoHaUHOHUlbHOCTH'         B                                               r.naI.neHH¶A.rapAHHI'110COBeTOBaJIA.MapHOTIYHCKJIK)HHTbH3C(þeHpaHBMOJIOAOCTH,                                    KapbepyrlPH                                      BKa-                                            PblneMCTBHflKOHUeCCHH06naCTHHIIPOBHHUHH,TPaHhqaI.UHeCPOCqeCTBeMaKJIepaOHOKOan60JIbU-lOe                       H                                              CHei.f103TOMYCT.6KOHLleCCHOHHOI'Ocor.naweHHAnpeA()œraBJ1qna M.T OTYBn0J1yqeHHHKOHUeCCHiYIllaxa•ITOJIYHHB              APCHMOHOflOJIbHOenpaBOpopa6aTbIBaTbH3KCIIJIyaTHp()BaTbB I.IHK)06HPaHCKOäH$H,OHpeu•lHJlHCnblTaTbcBOH                  8noHC-                  TeqeHHe60JIVI'MeCTOPO)KÄeHHAHed)TH,npup()AHOT0ra3a,

KaxKJIHeHTa, IlPH06PeCTHKOHI-leCCHlOyM03*ap , H6MTYManoBCeiTePPHTOPHHHpaHa,KPOMenqTHCeBePHbIX06, AHHIllaxa.FIPH110CËAHHqeCTBeH11POBHHUHä:冖HpaHcKOF0)A3ep6aiA)KaHa,rHJIRHa,Ma3eH-

A.BOJ*,KKOTOPOMYOH06PaTHnC13aflOMO bio·B一900r•OH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     aepaHa,AcTpa6aaaHXopacaHa冖65一·

H3b1CKa1W1bCKHXpa60Ty•A'APCH、一90-0. P04一<0epCT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  06naaaTP.neMBHaga.neKOHUeCCHOHHbIXB.HpaHIlPeACTaBJIflJInpaB,BCBOeC050nCTPaHY'0K0n0A'APCH••rpeTH

3KC11JIU12M111HKOMnaHH)>c                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             aKUHOHePHbIM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               HaCeJ1eHHHKOTOPOÏCOCTOqnaH3KOqeBblXh     FIJIeMeH•

JIOMB600TbIC• ·CT'CTOHMOCTbpa60Ta•MH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           onpeAeneHaB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    KaKnpaBHJ10,3THnneMeHaIIPO)KHBUIHBOKPaHHHblX

一 ·CT.Pa.3BeAOHHbIMH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            冖OC06eHHOHaiOre,HK)TO-BOCTOKe)'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B

op BePHaPAPeiHOJ1bAC• 、0 nP06YPeHHb1e 3KOHOMHqeCKOMHCOH HOMca60CBA3aHHbIXc HOH6pepo、KKepMaH111axa,TOMY一902r.BpeMeHHHHeyAPCHOTONIHCTpaTHJl000 eny-0TVaHHubl'0K0n023anaAHeeMnH•[66]• CT•ro- ueHTpoM0 BbHbIe30HeTOCYAapc•TBa.OTHOUIeHHfl.IlJ1eMeHTOCIIOACTBOBUIHnaTPHaPXUIbHO-POAOBbIeKaK H

H36exaTbAUlbHeäU-lHXy6bITKOB'OH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    nPOAaTbCBOH                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Hanne)KUIaMeCTHbIMeo aM一                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         KOTOPblX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 bHb1M

KOHUeCCHOHHbIe 0TOM'I-ITO BecTH BJIaCTIMHOCHJIOBPeMeHaMHHOMHHaJlbHblä BTaKOMno0, 、00000Pm0T0006PHTaHCKOTOHeaHTJlHäCKHMHKOMnaHHflMH'Te0T0、BOcWIbHO、00 AXOHOMpYKO- NCHHH冖XY3ecmH),HaXOAHJIUCb,AflHKBqaCTHOCTH' KH3b1CKaTeJ1bCKHMpa60TaM•APa6HCTaH KaMeHHOTOOHI.nepOM.Y6e)KaeHHbIìiHa CTOPOHHHKn000、0、、H、 0K0HeMeWIeHHO、0noT、0 JIHCbcpeAH6aXTHaPbI,110JIYKOqeBbIXKOTOPbIeIIPHHe06XOAHMOCTH HpaHa He-

TIPHCTYIIHJIKnePeTOBOPOfc CTPaKTOHaHPyKOBOAHTenBMH                    CKOJ1bKOaeCflTKOBTbICflHBOOPY)KeHHblXBCaAHHKOB•B一897r• aHFJIHäCKOä<<bHPMa KOMnaHH>>•                          paJ1bHOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO,rlOAAaBUlHCb                    6aXTHaPCKHX

B一905r.no CTPaKTOHaH<<bHPMa KOMnaHH>>8 H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              COT.naCWIOCbHaBKJlK)qeHHeB KOHTPOJlUPyeMbiXHX

COBMeCTHYK)CTaTOHHblM KOMIlaHHfO—《KOHCeLUHC pa60T 0AO-一一· TeneMnepBbIe3c(þeHnnqpO(þHUHU1bHblexaHOM3eMeJ1bKOHTaKTbl3HaHHTeJlbHOäqaCTHcXY3ecTaHa6aXTHaPCKHMH冖70一· peKTOPOM3T0ìíKOMnaHHH c 冖67一· IlPeABOAHTeJIflMH6b1JIHYCTaHOBneHbI BXIXB•TaK'23anpenq B一905r.H3bICKaTeJIHBO KOMnaHH¶<<JIHHHbpa3epc» YHPaHCKOT0TIPOH0TenbHOCT(O)KHee'B 3HMOBOK 6aXTMaPCKMX TenbCTBa一897r. HaCTPOHTeJlbCTBO

11JIeMeH.IlepB CKBDKHHa'K6ypeHHkO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Pe                                                                                                                                                                                      AXBOOMHHc(þaxaHOMqepe3TePPHTOPHiObaXTHaPHH•6110BMapTe

HOJIbACBHOBOM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                He aO)KHAaeMbIX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       一898r.(e)KAY6aXTHaPCKHMHxaHO'fHH

TaKCTBOIIPOAO<<KOHceI.IIHC00-CHHAHK3äTABa0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0a·BeCHOìí一90-flPHOCTaHOBHTbr•pyKOBOA-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HOMeHCOrnaweHHe,HayqacTHep0B一x                   llPOK•naAKHHOCenJ1blX3T0nopOrH•19eCTbqHB068•

AeneJIbHOCTbKOMnaHHH•peHO c·OAHaKO'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            COOPYNCHHH AOPOFH                                                                  XaHaM CCYAY

0Y0000、50W」00000m011PH6blTHfl000H0pa•)KAeH0•HH~PH00020Maq1MCbMeHHOrO一000r•00AOKYMeHTa•0H0MeCA0E00•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         pa3MepeAerreJIbHOCTH5,5Tb1C. aHTJIHPÍCKHXCT'Ha20 KOMIlaHHäH3pacqe•raaKTHBHO6 rOAOBb1X冖7一一·

COneäMaHaH3冖n03CKBDKHHb1e3TOTrJIY6HHOä0K0n0Ha3bIBaTb0~0M3a6mTaK)KeHeTHO                                       6PHTaHCKaqCYJ1bCTBaBAHI'IJIOMaTHqeCKagHpaHeHMHCCH¶B Pe3HAeHTB30HeKOH0」、· 0006HTn0Hno0HJIOH、 0                400M=0                                         CHACKOTO3aJIHBa,rlOAHHH9BI-UHeC¶                      HllPaBHTeJ1bCTBY

H4THBHpaHe冖68一·BPHTaHCKOäHHÃMH.

一4anpenq一909r•、JIOH0H0 3KCllJlyaTaUHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M00,                                                                                                                                                                                                      Etue 0yt1Pe)K,aeHHg                                Korna8一9050·PeiHOJ1bAC

TOPO>K.ueHHiCHACKaq 、KOHKOMnaHHA000n0HH0冖A00H0一·6-EeIn、一00~eH、AH、 00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 pel.neHHepaÏOHeMecA)KeAe-COJIeäMaHa,IIPHCTY、IlHTbK eMYllPHLUJlOCbHMCTb CKBOKHHc6axTH-B

6IllpaBeH2MJIH• ·CT"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              qaCTbKOTOPOFO                                                                                                                            on                                                                                                                                                                               apcKHMHxaHOfH.一0HOR6pq一900r•HJ1bxaH冖72一CaMcaM

HPM、 KOMnaHH>>冖09一·                                        H、                                          POH00                                     TaHeHmb6erH冖73一Illaxa6oc-CaJITaH%cOAHO CTOPOHbl'H CTBOBOLIIHXBHpaHe

52

CTaBHTeJIH丶丶KOHceIIIHcCHHAHK3ÏTJIHMHTeA>>|CApyroü,flOAflHCa-                                                 一3anpenq一909 3aaeHb 0yqpe)KAeHHflAllHK,BJIOHAOHe JIHcor.naweHHe,BCOOTBeTCTBHHCKOTOPbIMKOMnaHHflTIOJIYHHJIa             6bIJIa06pa.30BaHa<<BaxTHap KOMnaHH>)cKarlHTU10M300TbIC. npaBO6YPHTbCKBDKHHb1HaTePPHTOPHH,KOTOPYžOKOHTPOJIHPOBUIH  ·CT.CKOPO3TaKOMnaHH¶CTU1a                        AflHK.C()rnaCH0 0r0, 6aXTHaPbI.3aexer0AHYK)                 B2THC. ·CT.xaHbICOrnaCWIHCb                           BOPeHHOCTH,3aKIIHü丶丶BaxTHapOìiJ1>>66m0nepeAaH()6axTHap06eCneqHBaTb6aonacHocTb6YPOBHKOB HOXPaHATb HMYII(eCTBO                                        CKHMPOAaMH.JIbXaHHHXa,A)KHHJIbXaHH.

KOMnaHHH.BKOHueOKT6p 一906r.IIPHaKTHBHOMyqaCTHHaHFJIHä- AHFJIHiCKHeB.naCTHCTPeMHJIHCbPa3BHBaTb«npyxecKHe»OTHOCKOFO110C.naHHHKaBHpaHe CnpHHr-PaäcaIlËACTaBHTeJIH [1.1eHH9CaPHCTOKPaTHeÏ6aXTHaPCKHXFIJIeMeH,HT06b1BOC110J1b30<<KOHceIIIHCCHHAHK3ÏT))3aKJIK)HHJIHCXaHOfH6aXTHapHOBOeCO- BaTbCflBcnyqaeHe06XOAHMOCTHHXMOryžueCTBOM ,aaBJ1eHHAHa r.nau.IeHHe,npeAycMaTpHBaB111eeYBeJIHHeHHeeeroHOflJIaTbl3a UeHTPUIbHOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO,Ha ABOP.()AHaKO3T0He

oxpaHYHMYIUeCTBaKOMnaHHH3a500 ·CT.,aB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CTPOHTeJIb-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     03HaqaJIO,I-ITOBCH6axTHapcKaqBepxyu.1KaHeH3MeHH0arpaJ1a

CTBaHecþTenp0BOAa丨3a一000 CT.冖74一TeMHeMeHee,aHrJIHìicKaq                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OPYAHIgyxe3eMI.leB.AHFJIHMCKHMBJlaCT¶MHAITHKHe

MHCCHABTerepaHeBCKOpeA06HJIaCbCMeIIleHH¶CapacaMOC-CUITaHe yaoa.nocbCOXPaHATbCBOe110JIHTHqeCKOeBJIHSHHeBBaxTHapHHHB HIllaxa6oc-CwrraHeHHa.3HaqeHHRHa3aHHMaeMbIeHMHTIOCTbI60, APYFHX3eMJIAX,HaXOÃHBLI.IHXC¶no BJIaCTbf06axTHapcK0ìi3HaTH. neeJIOflJ1bHbIXKBeJIHK06PHTaHHHxaHOB. BTOM,HTOBOTJIHHHeOTPO0BHJ1bXaHHHXaA)KHIdJ1bXaHH )KenaqOTOMCTHTbaHTJIHHaHaM,CaMCOfOC-CaJlTaHeopraHH30- MHOI*He6aXTHapcKHePO I,3aHHMaBI.IIHeBTIOJIHTHqeCKOÈíH

B1 HanaAeHHen..neMeHHaIlPOMbICJIbI<<KOHceu.IHcCHHAHK3hT»; 5H0 HepapxHH60JIeeHH3KOenOJIO)KeHHe,BPOKÄe6H00THOCHJIHCb HMYU.IeCTBYKOMnaHHH66mHaHeceHYI.uep6.B(K)He一907「·Tere-     K                                              AeneJIbHOCTHAflHK


paHcKoeTIPaBHTeJIbCTBO,He6e3cornaCHAaHI'JIHÈíCKOÏMHCCHH,BHOBb BMeCTeC'reMBpqnJIHMOHOcornaCHTbCgcyrBep)KAeHHeM YTBePAHJIOCaMCaMOC-CaJITaHeHIllaxa6OC-CaJITaHeHanpe)KHHX HHAHÏCKOTOyqeHoroHUITHaKaAxMana, TO6axTHapcKHexaHb1B 110CTax·        nepHOAyYPe)KAeHHflAflHK丶丶OTKa3aJIHCb6bITbOPYAHeMBpyxax

BMeCTeCTeMaHTJIHäCKHeBJIaCTH,HCflOJIb30BOHanaAeHHe6ax-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               KOMnaHHH>>[76]·

THapKaK110BO·BHO¶6pe一907「·HanPaBHJIHBpacnop¶)KeHHeCBO-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HeKOTopbIeflPOTHBOPeHHA,aeÏCTBHTeJIbHOB03HHKaB1.nne

e「0KOHCYJIbCTBaB「·AxBoe(XY3ecTaH)20y.naHOBH3beHraJIHHBO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     AllHKH6axTHapcKOÏBepxY1.11K0äBnepBb1e

r.noeC.nehTeHaHTOMAPHOJIbAOMBWIbCOHOM. 0110Apa.3AeneHHe,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               KOMnaHHH冖HMeHHOHaHHX06paTHJIBHHMaHHeH.AxMaa),

IlPHCYTCTBHeKOTOPOrOBXY3ecTaHe6bIJIOABHblMHaPYUIeHHeMHpaH- Bb13BaHbITeM,'ITOBconepHHtIecTBe6aXTHaPCKOä3HaTHcnpaBHTeCKOFOcyBepeHHTera,TIPH3BaHO6bI.noOXPaHATbCOTPYAHHKOBHHMY- JleM MoxaMMePbI 冖HblHeXoppeMI.nexp) BXY3ec•raHe

ueCTBOKOMnaHHH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      gaCTO110aaeP)KHBaJIHnocneAHeT'O.TIPaBHTeneMMoxaMMepb16bIJ1B

TeMBPeMeHeMaHI'JIHäCKaqAH11JIOMaTHflnpoOJI aA06HBaTbCfl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             TOBpeMffr.noaKOH(þeAepaI.IHHapa6CKHX[IJ1epaeHbaHHKaa6u.leìix

YKpe11.neHHflCBf13eìíC(O)KAHMH6aXTHaPCKHXIVIeMeH.BHkOJIe一908r.                                              Xa3Ulb. 0HeroC一88一r.06a3TH110CTa3aHHMaJ1ero             6paT OAHHH3BJIHH1&JIbHbIX6aXTHaPCKHXxaHOB            AcaaBMec•reCO                                    l.uenxMa3UIb.OHnOJIYHHJI3T0HOHaqeHHenpHaKTHBH0üno· CBOHM HMena,AUIHM6paTOMBenB OHOHenepeFOBopbICOT-          Aep)KKeaHI'JIHqaH.BHaga..neMoa.JIb110HOCTbkOnpHAep)KHBa_ncqnpoBCTCTBeHHbIMHCOTPYAHHKOfHOOPHH                   OTHOCHTeJIbHOae¶TeJ1b-                             aHrJIHiCKOÏOPHeyraUHH.OAHaKOKOTAaaH1"JIHqaHenpH6paJIHK HOCTH<<KOHceI.11HCCHHAHK3ìiT>>BbaXTHaPHH.AKHdBHbIMyqaCTHHKOM PYKaMCYAOXOÄCTBOnopeKeKapyH,                    H'3MeHHJ1 f103HUHK). nepeI"0Bop0B6UIA.rapAHHF,6blBUIHìir.naBaaHTJIHäCKOžMHCCHHB  OHCTUIBblPDKaTb0TKpbIToeHeAOBOJlbCTBOaHrnHHCK()H

TerepaHe冖75一·npH06pe•rae•roc CMb1CJ1,ecJIHBCIIOM- BXY3ecTaHeHB30HenepCHACKOTO3aJIHBa.0C060e6eCf10KOäCTB0y HHTb, 0qepe3noc.ne neper0BOPOB, 一909 Capaap HeroBb13B0HaCTOHHHBOeCTPeMJIeHHeaHTJIHqaH 06nT6C9

AcaaB03rnaBHn110XO6axTHapHaTerepaH.baxTHapbICbIIAPUIHBHA-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            pongHanBCeäTopr0BJIeäBceBePHOäqaCTH3aJIHBa.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         一896r.

HYOPOJIbBHH3JIO)KeHHHMoxaMMeAaAJIHLl.laxa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              HBOBTO-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          I.neÏfXMa3UIb6151BePOJ10MHOy6HT6aHAHTaMH冖77一·

PHHHOMBBeAeHHHKOHCTHIYUHOHHOI'OnpawreHHfl.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Xa3aJIeM.BKPaTKOìiXaparrepHCTHKe                                                COCTaBneHH()ä






KOHaqeq,コ0YKOaHH}0KOTOPOFO4)HHaHCOBag)KaHAaPMePH93aHflJla 0HOミ3HMeHHä{IPHHua OC・CUITaHeBCTO当ミe.3aCTaBHJIH BMeU.laTbCAPOCCHÏCKOFO110CnaHHHKa.TIOBO以0M 当 3T0r0コOC当 ミ・

コ0長CHMCKOTO(当0TO9T0OAHO)HHOroaa(3HMeHHìÍ)pyroe,AB IlPHrOPOAHOegaCTHOCTH(HaXOAWIOCbHaaPeHAe)HMeHHe(yPOC-)AO当e a.6b一当03目0 eHOBPOCCHMCKOMYHerHO・CCYAHOM6aHKe.

HOr.naBHOÏIIPミよミHO rpy6bIxAeÏCTBHÈiPOCCHÈÍCKOÏCTOPOHbI6b一当0 npyroe.POCCHìiCKHeBJ1aCTHOllaC?JIHCbTO「0》工TOCOろ3M.WycTepa

CnaTPHOTHHeCKHHaCTPœHHbIMHaeMOKPaTaMH(O)}CTコpMOCOAeHCTBOBaTbPOCTYnaTPHOTHqeCKOFOTeqeHHRB061.neCTBeHHO・コ0当ミTミ・ qecK0ìi ミ3エミHpaHa.

HO3T0靆コpミよミHePOCCHMCKHÌコOCJ1aHHHKOTHMeHHHMnepaTopCKOFOIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBa5HO6p3aBミ当》よTOOH《《コpeKpau.laeTCHO・ IlleHHflCHbIHeUIHHMKa6HHeTOM(HPaHCKHM.ーC.A.)ミ TOBKa3BHH 110cbI.naeTC¶OTPRAPYCCKHXBOCK》》.XOTIqepe36AHeÏHOBbIä HPaHCKHìíMHHHCTPHHOCTPaHHbIXe当BocyrOA・ IlPHHeCPOC・ CHÏCKOMY110C.naHHHKY0金ミニミ目bHb一eミ38ミHeHミ fleTep6ypr一6HO・ 6p qepe3CBOerorlOCJ1aHHHKaコpen Bミ当HpaHY6ecnpeueneHTHY}0 コ0CBOeHrpy60CTHHO ーy当bTミMaご、M.BAOKYMeHTeBblABHrUIHCb C当e(K)丘ミeTPe60BaHHfl:HeMeA.neHH0YBOJIHTbM.I-IIycTepaミ

COTPYAHHKaBeAOMCTBa,JleK0(þpa;B11epeAHeFIPHHHMaTbHaHpaH・ CKYK)C当 5 HHOCTPaHUeB6e3npeABapHTeJIbHoroCOrnaCHIPOCCミ・ CKOMミaHrnHMCKOìiMHCCHìÍBTerepaHe,B03MeCTHTbpacXOAbI,Bb13BaHHbIeHbIHeILIHeìí3KCneAHUHeHPOCCHHCKOFOBOOPY)KeHHOroOTpqnaBHpaH[104〕.


一8HO6p 一9一一r.noaB当qろ日ミM60JIbUIHHCTBOM「0当OCOBミpaエ・ CKHMMeAWIHCOT OHH当110AAeP)KHBaeMbIÏiAHFJIHeñPOCCHMCKHM 当bTミMal)、M.BeqepoMTOTO)KeAHABCTO当ミeCTPaHblHagaJIHCbMa・ HH(þeCTaUHHミMHTHHrH》yqaCTHHKHKOTOPbIXBblKPHKHBUIH当03H「ミ《《CMepTbミ当ミCB060Aa》》.《《YMpeM3aCB060 》》》《《CMepTbミ当ミHe3aBHCHMOCTb》》.HayaJIOCb60ìíKOTHPOBaHHePOCCHMCKHXTOBaPOB.BTOT )KeneHb BM e以aMミyCBOeroAOMa6b一当paccTpeJ1flHBミHb一靆 TOCYAaPCTBeHHbIìiAegTeJ1b 0,AO当e》H3BeCTHbIiCBOHMHCB93・ MHcPoccHìicK0ìiMHCCHeìi[105〕.7ー8AeKa6pqpyccKHeBOHHCKHe qaCTHミyqpe)K,aeHHRBTe6pH3e. ミ3H3e当ミコ0Bep「当ミCb BOOPyxeHHbIMHaコaneHHeMCOCTOPOHbI4)enaeB(BOOPY)KeHHblXKOH・ CTミ 、I-IミOH目ミCTOB・06POB0当bニeB).BAH11JIOMaTHqeCKOMOTIOTe「0・ BOPWlOCb06 よacTミミBHananeHHH《《MeCTHOäqepHHミPa3HblXKO・ KOCKHXBblXOAUeB,IIPHqeMBnePBOMミ3nePeHHCneHHbIXFOPOAOB 3TミHana,aeHHflミH当ミBecbMaHanPfl)KeHHbIäxapaKTep.:》》【一06〕 (pegbミ 0Te6pH3e.ーC.A.).BMel.IJ,xeAeH3BeCTHb1ìiMYA)KTexHA

《《OTKPbITOnpH3bIBanHaponHa60Pb6 ミHaCMePTb0HeBep・

HbIMH》》[107〕.BbMYIIJIeHHqIIPOTHBaHI'JIHiCKHKyqpe)KneHHänpoミ・ 30E当ミBBY111Hpe,1.11upoeミpgne  ropo0B一0 HoroHpaHa.

110PaCflOPfl)KeHHK)npeAceAaTeJIflPOCCHMCK()TOnpaBHTeJ1bCTBa, BA3ep6a靆 aH rミ当Hミ        6b一当ミHanpaBneHb1

BOHHCKHeミBOeHHO・MOPCKHeqaCTH,KOTOPbleHeTOJ1bK0pa3「POMミ当ミ Hana,aaBUIHXHaPOCCHÏCKHe よpe eHミ ミraPHH30Hb1npaHueB,HO ミ よミHミ当ミ)KeCTOKYžOpacnpaBYHaaaeMOKPaTHqeCKHMH3HA)KYMe・ HOfH,OTPqnaMH(þenaeBミMO axミ0B.コ0 naBJ'1eHHeMコpeacTaBH・ 'reneiPOCCHHミAHFJIHH8aeKa6pq一9一一r.pereHTAXMea

Hacep0当b,0当bKコ0nミC日一 K 6一0poc1TYGKe 】 BT0poro C03bIBaミ0Ha3HaqeHHHHOBbIXBb一60POB.HMnqaTOPCKOMYコoc当aH・ HHKYOTHMeHHHPaHCKOI'OIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBa56一当aBpyqeHaHOTa0コpミ・

HTミミBCexTpexIIYHKTOBPOCCHäCKOTOYJ1bTHMaTYMa.JleBaq

《《ミ名千eHOY》》66一当a3anpe1.ueHa[108〕.

HaコPOJ1eHHbIXBTe6PH3,PeuJTミ3H3e当ミPOCCHHCKHXBO、 eHHbIXOTP¶Aax6bIJIHygpe)KAeHblBOeHHO・noneBb1e                   当2pac・ CMOTPeHHfl e当HpaHueBミPOCCHiCKOIIOaaaHHbIX,aKTHBHOyqacTB0・ BaBU.IHXBBOOPY)KeHHbIXBblCTynneHHflXIIPOTHBPYCCKHxBOMCK.

BよミC当eIIflTHaAUaTHHPaHCKHXPeBOJIm1hOHePOB,KOHeHHb1Xno npHFOBopyBOeHHO-FlOneBOI'OcyaaBTe6pH3e,6b1JIH ceKTb1 IlleiXHTOBCHKKaT0当b・ミc当ah.f.opa•ropC目ミM.        0当・MO当bK》 3ミ 011b-XOKaMa,XaA)KA当ミAoad)ypyl.n,コ当eMHエミKCaゴ・apxaHa| MoxaMMeAxaHミApyrue[109〕.

HpaHcKoeRPaBHTeJIbCTBO,[IOMHMOBblABHHYTblXBPOCCHÏCKOM YJ1bTHMaTYMeTPe60BaHHM,npミH当0Hace6qpApyrøx063a・ TenbCTB.0H00合ミミ目bHO05e丘目0B5y丘eb.l《《COrnaCOBblBaTb CBOK)no当ミTミK011PHHUHnaMHcornameHHfl一907r.》》.T.e.KOHBeH・員ミミ》3a36よeHHO靆 PoccHeìiミBe当ミK06でミ•raHミeOTHOCミ・ HOHpaHa,(d)raHHCTaHaミTH6era.()AH()BPeMeHH0コpaBミTe当6CT80 CaMCaMOC・Ca.rrraHeコocpeACTBOMコ0当ミ員ミ ミ 0コ0当よ ・ ueBHaよ目0 ミPOK6KaMnaHHK)peコpeccHHコPOTHB

HaUHOHUlHCTOBミ.OC06eHHO,neMOKpaTOB.pK080ミ 当ミミaKTHBHC・ TblÄeMOKPaTHqeCKOänapTHH            BblcnaHb1ミ3TerepaHa,コ0よTミ BCera3eTbl3aKpb1TbI,a3HA)KYMeHbIpacrlYL.ueHb1.

BCBOeM11HCbMeKpereHTY,BKOTOPOMCaMcaM060CHOBb1BaJ1 He06XOAHMOCTb npHH9THfl poccHìicKOF()YJ1bTHMaTYMa, OH e当a当


0C060eYAapeHHeHaaHTHnpaBHTeJIbCTBeHHYžOA03HH一0(þpaKUHH xeCTOKOäKaPaTeJIbHOÏaKLIHHPOCCHMCKOTOBOeHHOF0OTpqnaCHCneMOKPaTOBBMeA)KJIHCe.OHTIOAqePKHBa.n,HTOHMeHHOnoHayue- 110JIb30BaHHeMaPTHJ1.nepHHIIPOTHBHPaHl.leB.BOBpeMqI.urrypMaTepHHK)qneHOBAeMOKpaTHqeCKOìínaPTHHAerryraTbIOTBePrJlHYJIbTH-  PHTOPHH丶丶6eCTa»OTaPTHJIJIePHäcK()ä60M6aPAHPOBKH,110CJIOBaM MaTY、MHIIPH3bIBaJIHHapoAB3TC 3a                    JI OTPO*CHH¶PYC-                                    11.CaiKca,6IJIHaHeceHcepbe3HbIäyruep6rp06HHue CBITbIHe

CKOMHHTePBeHLIHH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HMOfaPe3b1[一一2一·

KHHCJTYC06blTHi,CBHAeTeJ1bCTByrOLI.IHXOPaCU.IaTbIBaHHHOCHOB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HOA06HbIe AeäCTBH¶, CTaBI.MHe B03MO)KHblMH B

UeHTPUlbHOÈÍBJIaCTHIIPHOAHOBËMeHHOMPaCLUHËHHHBMeU.IaTeJ1b- BOOPY)KeHHOTOBMemaTeJIbCTBaPOCCHHHBe.nHK()6PHTaHHHBHpaHe, CTBaPOCCHHHBe.RHK06PHTaHHHBOBHY'TPeHHHeae.naHpaHa,OTHO- flPHBeJIHKPeCTaBPaLIHHBflOJIHOM06beMeBePXOBH()iBJIacTH4)eoCHJIcqTaK)KeMeuxxeAcKHìiKPH3HC一9一2r.OH6bI.nCBf13aHcMITOKOM bHO aPHCTOKPaTHH.3TanepeMeHaIlPHTOPM03HnaHagaBUIYK)C¶B 3Kc-IIIaxaMOXaMMeAa-AJIHHeroCTOPOHHHKOB.HOCBOeäKYJIbMHHa- KOHue 一909r.HOBYK)neMOKpaTHqecKYK)•reHneH11HK)BPOBHTHH UHOHHOVITOHKHMel-I.IXeÃCKHìiKPH3HCÃOCTHTTorna,KoraaABH)KeHHe KOHCTHTY、UHOHHOÏPeBOJIK)UHH.BOBpeMÃPeaKLIHOHHOF0nepeBopo-ra 3apecTopaLIHK)6bIBLI.IeTO(e)KHMaY)KeflPOBUIHJIOCbHMoxaMMeÄ 6bIJIpoorHaHMen)KJIHC,6bIJIHpacrIYI.ueHbI3HA)KYMeHb1,3anpe1.ueHa AJIHCOCBOHMHIlPH6JIH)KeHHbIMHHaPOCCHÌCKOMBœHHOMKopa6ne AeflTeJIbHOCTbJIeBOaeMOKPaTHHeCKHXOPraHH3aL(HìiHIlPHOCTaH()BneH 264)eBpaJIH一9一2r. JlHPaHCKY0 冖一一0一· BblIWCKroeT.

HaqanoKPH3HCa6blJIOCB13aHOCPOCCHÏCKOÏHOTO110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OAHaKOYTBep)K,IIeHHe0IIOJIHOMIl()POKeHHHKOHCTHTYUHOHHOTO


M.I-IAycTepa.B3HaKnpoTecTanpOTHBpyccKoroYJ1bTHMaTYMaB ABHYCHHBB3TOTnepHOA,IIIHPOKOpacnpocrrpaHeHH()eBHCTOPHXopacaHe,KaKHBTerepaHe,HMeJlHMecTOBPOK,ae6HbIeBOTHOU.Ie- qeCKOäJIHTepaa•ype110HpaHY,AeüCTBHTeJ1bHOCTH110JIHOCTbK)He HHHPOCCHHBblCTynneHHfl. HOTOMHHBbIXTIPOCb6poccHìícKOT0 COOTBeTCTByeT.TIP()H301.neAUIHeBnepHOAËBOJIK)LIHHBIl()JIHTHreHKOHCYJIa,KH3 a6H I,H3TypKecTaHaBXopacaH6bIJ10TnpaB- gecKOM H061.11eCTBeHHOM CTPOe HpaHa1103HTHBHb1e He neHOTP I.xaPCKHXBOMCKCaPTHJI.nePHeä.OHAOJI)KeH6blJ1BCJIYHae HCqe3JIH.

He06XOAHMOCTH3aLUHTHTb H3HbHHMYIueCTBOPYCCKHXOTHOCH- HecMOTpq Ha B03PO)KAeHHepeaK1.lHOHHOä BePXOBH()ä BJlacTH, raTeJ1bCTBHPaHUeB.                                 MHOIAHenporpeccHBHbIeHOBOBBeAeHH.qHe6b1JIHynpa3AHeHb1

BOBpeMflMITeya3Kc-waxaMoxaMMeAa-AJIHBAcrrpa6aAeB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HOCTbH).KHXHHCJIYOTHOCWIHCb…BBeAeHHeKOHCTH'IYUHH,KOHCTHTY-

MewxeAeIIPOH30U.IJIHBOCCTaHHflPOWIHCTOB(waXHCTOB).OHHYCTa- UHOHHOÏ(þOPMblnpaB.neHHH,yype)KAeHHenapnaMeHTa,ped)()pMa06• HOBHJIHCBOroBJIaCTbHaTePPHTOPHHrop0Aa, Ha,XOAHJIaCbrp06-    Pa-30BaHH.¶Hynop¶AoqeHHeneneJIbHOCTHnapTHä,          BblHHI.Ia-MeqeTbBOCbMOI'OUIHHTCKOrOHMaMaPe3bIHTIPHMbIKaK)I.IIHeK                                               IVCKaqaCTHbIXra.3e•T,BblXOAHa110JIH'l'HqeCKYžOapeHYHOBb1X

HeiTOPTOBbIep l.UlaXHCTbIHTHOPHPOBUIHBnaCTbxopacaHcKOF0 BeHHbIXCHJI冖BqaCTHOCTH,HOBOHHIWlJIHreHUHH,11P()(þeCCH()HaJ1b、6epHaTopaHCOBePU.IðJIHpeiAbIBnpyrHeqacTHrop0Aa,BTOM        HbIXPeBOJ1kOLIHOHePOBHㄗ)H,HaK()HeU,He6b1JIHBOCC•raH()BneHb1

HHCJIeHaHaXOAHBLI.IHeCfln04flOKPOBHTeJIbCTBOMPOCCHHTOPFOBbIe HeKOTOPbIeOTMeHeHHbIecpeAHeBeKOBbIe05u丶ecTBeHHb1eHHcTHTYTbl. UeHTPbIHAOMa.

24                  一9一2r.Aa6H)KaflPeAJ10>KHJ1KOMaHAYK)U1eMYpoc-            1.5,HpaHHaKaHYHeHB IlepB()ìiMHPOB0ìiBOìiHbI CHÏCKHMBœHHbIM0 0MBMel.uxenereHepaJI-MaMopyPeAbKO

<<BCTY、IlHTbBHagaJIbCTBOHanMemxeAOM>>.一7MapTa冖nocTap0MY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bb1110JIHeHHe•rpe60BaHHìi,BblABHHYTb1XBPOCCHÈiCKOM

CTHJIK))aPTHnnePHiCKHMOIAHeMHUITYPMOMTeppHTOPHA,3aHATaq                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       MaTYMe,H11PH3HaHHeYCJ10BHäam-no-pycCKOMKOHBeHUHH一907r.

BOCCTOLUHMH,6bIJIa016HTa.BOCCTOI.IIH%OKOOHe3HaHHTeJ1bHOe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        06YCJIOBHJIH3HaqwreJIbHOeocna6J1eHHe1103MH                             H

C011POTHBJ1eHHe,CAUIHCb.110CBeAeHH¶M a6H bl,cpeAHHPaHLteB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                KOHCePBaTHBHOäeobH0apucTOKpaTHH.

6bIJIO39y6HTbIXH26paHeHbIX,KOTOPblMOKOUIHflOMOUIbpyccKHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       H000POJIb-MOJIbKH0H00-H00HOHOHH00npaBHTeJ1bCTB0 、

BpaHH冖一一一一·XapaKTepH0,HTOTerepaHcKHeBJIacTHHenpennpHH¶JIH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 110KOPHOCTbB0TH()1.UeHHHaHrno-POCCHìiCKOT()                                B

HHKaKHXPeUIHTeJ1bHbIXIllaTOB 11PeAOTBPal.ueHHflHJIHnpeceqeHHfl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               一9一一0HHOMe HC0TOP000000-1Ba·


ιη ω


POAOBaH                                       AXMeAIllaxaOHeHTPaJIHTereHpaHa•OAHOBpeMeHHO6bIJIaOny6JIHKOBaHaHHCTPYKUH¶TIPaBHTeJIflM06JIaCTeüH flPOBHHLIHìi,BKOTOPO LleHTPU1bHOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOflPH3bIBUIOHX CTPOTO I'lPHÄeP)KHBaTbCfl HeHTPUIHTeraBOB3aHMOOTHOI.ueHHflXC IlPeACTaBHTeJIflMH          ,aeP)KaB冖一20一·

BTO BpeMR6bI0OHeBHAHO,HTOHPaHCKHeBJ1aCTHHBOopyxeHHbIeCWIbIHeBCOCTO¶HHHflPeAOTBPaTHTbHaPYU.IeHHepy6ee CBOeäCTPaHbIHHOCTPaHHbIMHBOOPY)KeHHbIMH

MH.JIHHHbIiCOCTOHpaHcKOìiKoat•lbeìi6pHraAbIH)KaHAaPMePHH, npeAHa.3HaqeHHbIi06eCneqHBaTbTIPOOIIOPHAOKH6e30naCHOCTb3a npenenaMHropo0B冖一2一BueJIOMCOCTOJIÃJIHe60nee一5TbIC.

JlOBeK.Cap6a3bI(COJIAaTbl),Ha6paHHbIenoTPaAHUHOHHOÏCHCTeMe, C.nyxaLUHeIIOJIHUHH冖HOMHe),0P0HOTIOJIHUHH(aMHHÏe),apyrue CHJIbI6bIJIHIUIOXOBOOPY)KeHbI.HOBOe nepHOAaIlepBoMMHPOBO BOMHbIBOOPPKeHHeBBOHHCKHXyacTAXCTPaHbIBrlPHHLIH11e OTCYTCTBOBUIO.

BCJIeACTBHe3THX06CTOflTeJIbCTBHHOCTPaHHbIeAeP)KaBbI,AHISJIHH,POCCHfl,repMaHHflHOCMaHCKagHMnePHR~IIOJIYHHJIHB03M0· HOCTbHeTOJ1bKOHarlPaBJIATbHaHpaHCKYiOTePPHTOPHK)3MHCCaPOBH CBOHperynqpHbIeBOHHCKHeqaCTH,HOH                                           H3HPaHLleB BOOPY)KeHHbIeOTIOnqeHHflBblflOJIHeHH¶OflPeneneHHbIXBOeHHO110JIHTHgeCKHX3aaaq.HpaHcKoeIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBO)Ke,nepe)KHBaBI.uee HeTOJIbKO110JIHTHqeCKHìi,HOHXPOHHqeCKHìí KPH3HC,B 3T0BpeMflHMeJIOM 01.11aHCOBHaHCflOJ1b30BaHHeKOHeBbIX061.11eCTB BKageCTBeBOeHHOÌiCHJIbI.

BcaMOMHaya.neBœHHbIXAeÏCTBHÈÍHaKaBKa.3CKOM(þpOHTe

I.naXCKHeB.naCTHIIOKOUIH,HTOOHHHeBCOCTO¶HHHIlPeAOTBPaTHTb pacnpocTpaHeHHfnoxapaBOMHbIHaHPaHCKOìiTePPHTOPHH.OCeHbiO 一9一4r.)KHBUIHìíB6b1B111HänpaBHTeJ1bA3ep6aìÍ11)KaHa, FIPeABOAHTeJIbupperynqpHoroFIOJIKaKOHHHUbICaMeAxaHL110A)Ka0, Aoyne,68pa-3peuxeHHflHPaHCK0ìicro H BQHYJICABMapary冖一22一· OHTY、r TIPHCIYIIHJIK KOUIePHÏCKOroOTPHAaH3

npeAcTaBHTeJIeÏnneMeHHMYKaII..aaM.CTUIOH3BeCTHO,CITOBOB3aH-


MOAeäCTBHHCPOCCHÏCKHMHBOìiCKOfH,OHHOfepeHrlPHHHMaTbyqacTHeBOTPO*CHHHHacTYIWIeHHflBTOPHIIHXC¶BIOro-3anaAHbIìiA3ep6a aHH3OCMaHCKOiTypI.IHHKYPACKHXIlJ1eMeHHperYJIqpHbIx qaCTeìi 丶peKO apMHH.KOTAaHPaHCKHeB.naCTH06PaTHJIHCbK IlPeACTaBHTeJIflMPOCCHHCTPe60BaHHflMHBblABOPHTb                      xaHaH3 HpaHCKoroA3ep6aÈiA)KaHa,TOIIOJIYHHJIHOTBeT,HTOxaH   B HpaH J一ocMOTpaCBOHXHMeHHÏ冖一23一·flPH6nH3HTeJ1bHOBTO)Ke BpeMflBHPaHCKOMA3ep6aÏA)KaHeCTOPOHHHKOfHTIP()rePMaHCK()M OPHeHTaI.lMHno KOMaHAOBaHHeM11.1BeACKHX04)HUeP()B6bIJ1aOpraHH30BaHaAHBH3H¶HPaHCKHX)KaHAaPMOBC en TIPOTHB()AeMCTBH¶ PYCCKHMBOMCKaM.B3TYaKLlHIO•raiOKe6bIJIHIIPHBneqeHbI

BaBIIIHeBperHOHeflOJIYKoqeBbleKYPACKHenneMeHa.(LlIBeACKHe 0H p nepBagrpynnaKOTOPb1XflPH6b1J1aBIdpaHB一9一一丨一9一2rr.

6bIJIHnpHrnaIneHbInopellIeHHK)MeA)KJIHCaBTOPOI'OC03b1Ba冖一24一·一3a CPOHHTeJIbHOKOPOTKOeBpeM¶POCCHMCKHeMOTH,OAHaKO,HaHeCJIH HMcepbe3HbIäYPOH·

B BOeHHbIXIIPHTOTOBJIeHH¶XBeJIHK06PHTaHHH3HaHHTeJ1bH0e MecTOOTBOAHJIOCbHpaHY,eroJIIOACKHMHIIPHPOAHbiMpecypcaM.

230 6 一9一一r.rnaB0iBOeHHO-MOPCKOTOBenOMCTBacranY.HepHWIJIb.El.ueB6bITHOCTbMHHHCTPOMBHYTPeHHHX OHBCecT0POHHeH3YHHJIpa.3BHTHe(e)KAYHaPOAHbIXOTHOI.neHhi EBponeH IlPHuIeJIKBblBOAY0HeH36e)KHOCTHBOeHHOFOCTOJIKHOBeHHflAHI-JIHH CrepMaHHeÏ.BOKHeäLUHMIIPOeKTOM, OCYU.(eCTBJ1eHHeMKOTOPO「0AeflTeJIbHOpa60TUIHePHHJIJIb110CJIe3T0r0Ha..3HaqeHHgBMecerec aAMHPMOMOHI.nePOM,6bIJIIlJIaHnepeBOAaaHI'JIHiCKOI'OBOeHH()MOPCKOFO               C HaHe(þTb.

JIeTOM一9一2r.nonpeA.noxeHH101-Iepqmng6b1J1a06pa30BaHa ClleUHa.J1bHafl KOPOJIeBCKaa KOMHCCH¶ H3yqeHH¶ BOIIPOCOB0 110CTOKaX HPaHCKOä He(þTHA.nq 6PHTaHCKOI'O BœHHO-MOPCKOFO IIpeAcTaBHTeJIbAITHKrPHHY3iiHaCTOäqHBO 06HB c 3a-

FJliOqeHHflno06H0r0KOHTPaKTaCOCBOeäKOMnaHøeÏ.TIPH3TOMOH

06YCJIOBJIHBa.n110AflHCaHHeCOI'JIaU.IeHH¶CIIPeAOCTaBJIeHHeM

(þHHaHCOBOìi110MOI.UH6PhTaHCKHMIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOM.f103HH KOMnaHHH110JIY1•åHna110Aaep)KKYPYKOBOACTBaBœHHO-MOPCKOFOBeAOMCTBaAHTJIHH,n60一noMHeHHK)qePHHJIJIfl,KOMnaHHfl<<l_l_lenn»noCTaBJ1¶JIaa,AMhPaJITeiCTBY                              noBblCOKOìi'LleHe.KoponeBCKaq KOMHCCHflBblCKa.3a.naCbB110JIb3YKOHTPaKTaCAllHK

20Maq一9一4r.(e)KAY6PHTaHCKHMMHHHCTepCTBOM(þHHaHCOBH aAMHPaJlTeÏCTBOM,c0HO CTOPOHbl,HAflHK丨cnpyroi,66m03aKSliOqeHOCOI'J1aI.neHHe,BCOOTBeTCTBHHCKOTOPbIMaHFJIHHCKOenpaBHTeJ1bCTBOnpH06peJ105一0aKLlHìiKOMnaHHH,BHecq3a3T0BOCHOBHO KarlHTa.nATIHK22MJ'IH.·CT.llpaBHTeJIbcTB0COeAHHeHHOF0

KoponeBCTBaFIOJIYHHJIOnpaBOHOHaqaTb                AHperropoBKOMnaHHH Ha6JIK)AeHHfl3a0611ÅeÏ110JIHTHKOiiAllHK冖一25一·

BnpaBflIIlHxKpyraxPOCCHHHBpyccK0äneqaTHc006111eHHe06




AHFJIHäCKHXAH11JIOMaTOBCTOJIbHeyCTOäHHBagT103HH npaBH-

JIHCTOB)6bIJIOpa.31'POMJIeHOOTAeJIeHHeaHrJIHMCKOrO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                TeneäBaXTHaPHH,B03BbICHBU.IHXC¶CHX[IOMOMO·pa3YMee•rcq,He

CKOFO6aHKa【138一·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       YCTpaHBa.na.OCeHbK)一9一5「·CapAap          6b1J1CMeueH,HOBblM

Br.KYMeBKOHue一9一5r.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       AeMOKPaTHqeCKOÈÍnapTHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HJ1bXaHOMTIPHCOAeÏCTBHHaHTJIHqaH6bIJlYTBel))KaeHrOJIaMXoceìiH

66mC03AaH<<KOMH'IVTHaUHOHUIbHOÈÍ3aUlHTbl>>.OHflOJIYHHJln04· xaH冖CapaapMoxTarneM).一3neKa6pq一9一5r.aHrJIHÏCKHenpeAcmp H3Kau.1aHaHHcÞxaHa.BPe3YJ1bTaTeHaCIYnneHH¶PYCCKHX BHTeJIH3aK.J1iOHHJIHCHHMBecbMaBblrOAHOe BeJIHK06PHTaHHHH BOÏCKBOOPY)KeHHbIe0 HaUHOHUIHCTOBOTCTY、TIHJIHBHC(þaxaH,a cor.naI.neHHe.冖3a3T0HJIbxaHbaXTHaPHH110JIYHHJI0TaHrJIH3aTeMYIAJIHBKeppaaH1nax.TaMOHHno PYKOBOACTBOMry6ePHaTOPa gaH一500 CT.,aHJ1b6e1'H丨一000 CT.)qepe3ABaMecquacornaJlypecraHa冖noum«yxa)He30fOC-CaJITaHe*PMHPOBaJIH0111103HUH- I.ueHHe 6bI0 110ATBeP)KaeHO CTaPLUHMH 6aXTHaPCKHMH XaHaMH, OHHOe<(HaUHOHUIbHOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO>).OOPMaJIbHO0H0CYLUeCTBOBa- )KHBUIHMHBTerepaHe冖一4一一·

nonoqTH 0KOHuaBOMHbI.BKepMaHu.raxe                                JIHAepAeMO-                            B                                             CHOBbIMaHFJIO-6aXTHaPCKHMCOFJIaI.neHHeM KPaTHqeCKOänapTHHCOneÏMaHMHP3a. paHb1.ueHaCTO xaHbI063 HC…3aI.UHI.uaTb           flPOMbICJIbIAIIHK,Henepe6ypxya.3HbIxHal.lHOHUIHCTOB                 3HaHHTeJ1bHaqqaCTbMeCTHOìi KOqeBbIBaTbBpaiOHbI,IlPHMbIKafOUlHeKDKHbIMISPaHHI.IaM6axTHapHPaHCKOixaHaaPMQHHBO COUIBeACKHMH                                           CKHXBJIaneHHìá,<<3aHCKJIIOqeHHeMTexcnyqaeB,Koraa3T0npHÄercq

B3THXYCJIOBHSXBenMK06PHTaHHflpa-3BepHYJIaaKTHBHYK) e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        COBePLIIHTbnoYKoaHmoHPaHCKOTOflPaBHTeJIbCTBa»…11011..aeP)KHBaTb

TenbHOCTb,HanpaBJIeHHYŒoHa110aaBJIeHHeaHTHaHrJIHäCKHXBblCTyn- APyxeCTBeHHbIeOTHOI.IIeHHqCI.neäXOMXa.3aneMHHenpeAOCTaBJIRTb neHHä.AHI'JIHiCKHeAHWIOMaTbITIYTeMnoAKynaHMeTOAaMH「py60, y6e)KHI.uaero丶丶6eTJIbIM110naaHHbIM>>…npeceKaTb


roAaBJIeHHfl 06HB HC CaHKUHÈi UeHTPUIbHOrO flPaBHTeJIbCTBa arHTaLIHK)HBOJIHeHHflBbaaXTHaPHH…He110AHHMaTb0PY)KHeIIPOTHB npOTHBrePMaHCKHXHTypeLIKHx3MHCCaPOB.Oc06yoHane)KAYOHH BeJIHK06PHTaHHHHee <<110Ka(e)KAYAHIAJlHeÏHHpaHOM IIPH3TOMB03naraJIHHa<<CTaPUIHX)>6aXTHaPCKHXxaHOB,)KHBUIHXB COXPaHHTC¶MHP)>…B pac•I.IIHpeHH9aHTHaHFJIHÏCKHXBblCTynTerepaHe.AHI'JIHÏCKHÏ110C.naHHHK HM200THC.TYMaHOB. .neHHäBHpaHeTIPe11flTCTBOBaTb BHHXLIJIeHOBrlOAB.naCTPOCCHÏCKHÏ110C.naHHHKC006 8 'ITO<<flOAnpeAJ10TOM HblXHMrmeMeH;3aI.UHI.UaTbXH3HbaHI'JIHìiCKHXnonaaHHbIxHoxpaype1YJIHPOBaHHflHeKOTOPb1X e6Hx CapaapAcaaaHCaMcaM HATbHXHMYIueCTBOHT..BcnyqaeHapYII.IeHHAYCJIOBHicornal.neoc-CaJITaHernaBaaHFJIHäCKOäMHCCHHBHepaBPYHHJIKOKAOMYH.3 HHflXaHaMH,IIOAIIHCOWHMHero,HX OJI B noA.nexa.na HHXnoTPHTb1CRHH(þYHTOBCTePJIHHFOB>)冖一39一·aHTJIHiCKHMIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOM冖一42一·

flOA06HbIMHMePaMHat•TJIHqaHe11blTUIHCbOPraHH30BaTbBOOPY-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             BFOAbIBOÏHbIpa-3BeAcJIY)K6bIrePMaHHHHOCMaHCKOÏTYPUHH

)KeHHOeBblc•ryn.neHHe6aXTHapflPOTHBCTOPOHHHKOBrePMaHO-Typeu- IIOATOTOBHJIHHOCYI.ueCTBHJIHcTQPHTOPHHHpaHap AHBePCHOHKO OPHeHTaLIHH.OAHaKOHnbXaHYCapaapyAxaHry,affiJIHäCKOMY HblX onepaLlHÏ. HX 61110 BOB.neqeHHe B BO FIPOTHB CTaBJIeHHHKY,HHKaKHeYAOUIOCbYTBQAHTbCBOeflOJIHTHqeCKOe AHI'JIHHHPOCCHH 3MHpa.BHHX POJIbCbII'PaJIH BJIHAHHeHaAHaXOAHBWHMHCAn04B.naCTb}06aXTHappaäOHaMHB rePMaHCKHeHO0HO H3TaKHXonepauuä,HOCHBUIHXB IOro-3anaAHOMHpaHe.TeMHeMeHee,*UHU1bHbleIlPeACTaBHTeJIH TIOJIHOMCMbICJIeoaHTIOPHCTHqeCKHäxapaKTep,HMeeTCq06CT0, BeJIHK06PH'18HHHOKOb1BUIH(þHHaHCOBYž0no ep CapAapyA)KaH- TeJIbHaflHCTOPHqeCKaqJIHTepaTypa.Bap.XHBaxCOXPaHHJIHCbn660, HHJ1b6erH6axTHapBaxamy KOKC,BCTËTHBWHCbc9TH- 11bITHbIeMaTePHUIblOTHOCHTeJIbHOHXrepoeB,OAHHMH3KOTOPblX MHXaH01HneTOM一9一5 BPYHHJIKOKAOMYH3HHXno一08 CT. 6IJIBHAHbIii3HaTOKHpaHaKanHTaHOCKap OHHHAepMaÈiep.llpoOH6e3ycneIÐH011bITaJICA110JIYHHTbyHHXflHCbMeHHOeH$IHYCTHOe HHKHYBHaTeppHT01)HroBpaäOHe KepMaHI.uaxa, 06naTeJ1bCTBOAHI'JII•ÐOBcnyqaeBCTyrIJIeHHAHpaHa,B HHAepMaiep3aKOPOTKOeBpeM%rlOATOTOBHJIMHOTOHaLIHOHUIbHYIO BO HaCTOPOHe p H-xAepxaB.CBOMOTKa3naTbTaKOe AHBePCHOHHYOrpynny,KOTOpaqCYMenanpeononerrbOFPOMHOepac063aTe CTBOxaHblMOTHBHPOBUIHTeM,HTO,6YAYHHI'lOaaaHHbIMH CTORHHe|OT3anaAHbIxpy6e)KeäHpaHa 0eroBOCTOqHblXrPaHHU.

HPaHCKOFOu.laxa,OHH BblHY)KAeHbICJIeAOBaTbBBonpoceBOMHbIH FlepeäARqepe3$aHcKY10rpaHHIV,rpynnaYCTaHOBHJIaHenocpeAMHpa110JIHTHKeTerepaHa冖一40一·



B03P0 eHH}OAegTeJIbHOCTHOPraHOBTOCYAaPCTBeHHOìiB•naCTHB BqaCTHble Hal.LIHX6eCHHC.neHHbIXH,B60JIbLUHHCTBe,He3aCJIYCTpaHe.PYKOBOAHTeJIbPYCCKOÏAHDJIOMaTHqeCKOìiMHCCHH'YKa3bl- AOBePH¶110KPOBHTeJ1bCTByeMbIX…npeKpaTHTTËTHPOBaBanHa3THHaCTPOeHHfl, B 0 …<<J103YHr HHeBCero,HTOnoxo)KeynepcoBHaHaUHOHaJlbHOeC03HaHHe…YMeHbHcaM0011peAeneHHe HaPOAHOCT©Èí" 3aPOAHJI B nepCOB L.IJHT 066一Ha(I)Ke.noe6peM¶,KOTOPbIM Jl¶MHPHOFOHaCeJ1eHh9 60J1bI.IIHeHaAe)KAbI,HrnaBHa.gueJIbHXHblHe,KaKBHAHO,COCTOHTB flB.nqeTCfl npe6bIBaHHe34eC6PYCCKHX BOMCK', HaKOHeLl, flOJlO)KhT CTPeMJIeHHH OTAenaTbCA OTaHTJIO-PYCCKOìi oneKH,y6eAHTb Hac flPOH3BOJIYOTAeJIbHbIXJIHLI,6y TOKOHCynbI,neiCTBYK)I.IÅHe OTKa.3aTbC¶OTCOI'JIaweHHfl一907r.—OTPa.3AeJIeHHflflePCHHHa30Hbl HanoA06HecaTpanoB,HJIHHHHTO)KHbIeflPOXOAHMUbI,CBHBaÆOLAHe 冖一47一·        ce6eI'He3Aa0K0n0AOBePHHBbIXBOeHHblX..

OAHaKO,HTOOCHOBHbleHau.IHflOJIHTHqeCKHeH3KOH0,

                                                                                                                                                                                                        1·6·rpe3b1AH11J10MaTa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               MHqeCKHeHHTePeCbIBflepcHH…npaea.3e aòe-、ROOHU3cZZ.f、 、

BTO)KeBpeM¶BpeMeHHoeflPaBHTeJ1bCTBOPOCCHHBI'lPHHUHne                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      npoeeòeHueO'œÆ3HblXÒO,、                                               m.Ò.HecMoeymt.13Me-

HeC06HP OC OTKa3bIBaTbCflOTTIPOBOAHMOÏUaPH3MOMBHpaHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HunabCB nepenŒHbl                                                  npaeneHto冖pa.3E)9AKaHal.ua.,C.A.).

3KCnaHCHOHHCTCKOiIIOJIHTHKH.PyccKaq6ypxya3HAHO{ePeBa.naCb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    317ePCUilMbl ec ce3a COenaUŒHUR.MUCAHenueuu

HeTOJ1bKOCOXPaHHTb300eBaHHbIeBHpaHe1103HUHH,HOHpacIIIH- CMOO+CCM bC ommex eu, eMblcmaeunuce6e PHTbHX.HaaexAbIHpaHI.IeBHaKaPAHHaJIbHOeH3MeHeHHeITOJIHTHKH C06..uecmH0CHatueuC0103 e·RaK 、e eHe 、 , POCCHHBOTHOI.neHHHHXCTPaHbIHeOllPaBAbIBUIHCb.BTenerpaMMe emcg3aòageüHeU3MeHHOUn,、 ecK- 06Cm0mebcmg ·maK e3, 一7Mapm一9一7 OT11PoneHHOäMHHHCTPOMHHOCTPaHHb1X 6e 3"、e eX04 6b!3K00 gecKoeo §

BpeMeHHOI'OTIPaBHTeJIbCTBa11.H.MHJTOKOBbIMBpeMeHHOMYTIOBe-                                           KO                                           Poccuu C ÒpMO cmpaHe,Komo、 e C, PeHHOMYB                       BTerepaHeB.O.MHHOPCKOMY,TOBOP …                                        nepcug.HmaK,nycmb ocmaHymcame»tuOfce,HOnycmb


TaeM:·110ne3HbIMAOBeCTH 0CBeneHHAI.uaXCKOTOflPaBHTeJIbCTBa, Mce6e MaPOKKO AH2JlUU HHÒuuu HTOPOCCHRno-npe)KHeMY npuaeP)KHBaTbCflno.HOTOB3MMO— Eaunnae...».BApyroäCBOeiAenel.ueBIleTporpaA110C.naHHHK,,aaBaq AeÏCTBH¶CAHI'JIHeMBnePCHACKHX H···110JIHTHKaPOCCHHHe XaPaKTePHCTHKYnpaBflLAHMKpyraMHpaHa,npeA.naraJIOPHeHTHPOnperepI'1HTHHKaKOTOH3MeHeHHfl.HMeÈfre,OAHaKO,B q•rorlPH BaTbCHHacpeAHHeUlaCCbl,IlPeACTaBHTeJIHKOTOPblXBenu60F)b6y3a HOBOMHau.IeMCTPOeHah'HeJIb3flOTKPbITOBblC1ynaTbIIPOTHBJIH6e- MecTaBMeA)KJIHCe…<<C6JIH)KeHHeCflepcHeÏ 0 HO6blTb,KaKMHe PUIbHbIXBe¶HHìiBnepCHH)>.HeCKOJ1bKOHHbIeHOTbl,OAHaKO,3Byqa- KOKeT'Cfl,110npeHMYI.uecTBY06ueCTBeHHbIM.BblCU.IHenepCHACKHe JIHBTenemaMMe-HHCTPYKLIHH,HarlPaBJIeHHOìiMHHOPCKOMY KJIaCCbI,XOTflHIlPeACTaBJI¶Ol.IlHeC0606IIOHTHCllJIOLUHYkOTHHJ1b, n06 enpeeMHHKOM11.H.MHJThOKOBaHa MHHHCTPaHHOCTPaH- He63 HTHOPHPOBaTbBAeJIOBOMOTHOI.neHHM,110KaOHHCTO¶Ty HbIX BpeMeHHoroI'lPaBHTeJIbCTBaM.H.TepeueHK0.BHei,B BJ1aCTH.C6JIH)KeHHeOJIHOBeCTHCbIlPeHMYI.ueCTBeHHOCOcpeAqaCTHOCTH,YKa3bIBUIOCb…<<06ueeHarlPaBJIeHHeHau.ležIIOJIHTHKHB HHMHKnaCCaMH,rPYIIIIHPY}OLI.IHMHCR0K0n0MeAWIHCa.HaH60.nee HepcHH,OCTOaRCbHanpe)KHeÈi110HBeflOJIHOrOB3aHMOAeMCTBHflC OPraHh30BaHHOänepCHACKOänapTheä,KOTOPOM6yneTI-IPHHan.neAHI'JIHeä,OJIHO·Tep•dHeMeHee,rlPHHATb60JIeeAeMOKPaTHqeCKHìÍ 兴aTbBePOflTHO,60JIbUJHHCTBOC06PaHH¶冖T.e.MeA)KJlHCaHOBOFOCOxapaKTep,qeM6IJIOnpe)KAe.BqaCTHOCTH,H0noB03MO)KHOCTH 3bIBa.丨C.A.),ABJI¶K)TCAAeMOKPaTbI.flpeA.naraeMaqnporpaMMa3T0

COKPaTHTb110KPOBHTeJ1bCTBOBaHHePOHbIMOTAeJIbHbIMJIHHHOCT¶MH,                                          napTHH Kaxercq, KOHeqHO, BecbMa 6e306nHO no HaLIIHM COC6CCMeCTHbIMHJIH6ePUIbHbIMH3JIeMeR18MH,CTIOC06CTBOBaTb BËMeHHbIMPYCCKHMMePKaM,HOBnepcHH,el-ueHeBblI.ueAI.neHH3 npaBHH COBHapoaa»冖一48一·                    4mnaJIbHO-Kpe110CTHOFO6bITa,He                      HH(þa6PHK,HHy06,

BKOHueMapTa,06pa a KMHJI}OKOBY,B,O.MHHOPCKHi                                          HbIX                                        C006 eHH·nporpaMMa3TaHOCHTOHeHbnepeAOBoäxaBblCKoaJIpC006POKeHHÏOTHOCHTeJ1bHO06HOBJIeHHflPYCCKOÏ                             paKTepHCllOC06HaCllJIOTHTb.nyqI.UHe3.neMeHTbI>>冖一49一·

IIOJIHTHKHBHpaHe:《:·HCKPeHHe HTOHOBbIìi(e)KHMH3MeHHT FIPHHHMaqBOBHHMaHHe BPeMeHH,011bITHblüAHTIJIOMaTnpenMHOI'OeBcnoc06axHameiIIOJIHTHKH…YMepHTHau.IHBMeI.rmeJIbCTBa .nara.nBpeMeHHOMYIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBYBHHTepecaxPOCCHHBOC'IOJIb30,



<<K)MHOnepCHACKHXCTPeJlKOB)>KaK                   He30HCHMOCTHHTePPHTOPHUIbHOä eJlOCTHOCTHupaHa•OHO 0600 0He-

Me~-eHHO0BblBO                                                                                                                                                                                                                               H

<kO)KH0nePCHACKHX<CTËJIKOB)>冖一55一·

TeMBpeMeHeM,HecMO Ha                             H npeAœraBHTeneä                   MHCCHH apcKO POCCHH0Te0, paHe,11PH6b1BLUHM一8flHBapq一9一8r'B                                       cmH BPeMeHHbli                     P000n0K0                                COH H qecKO

ITy6JIHKHK.BpaBHHCYMeJlyCTaHOBHTb CHeKOTOPbIMHnaTPHOTHHeCKHHaCTPOeHHbIMHHPaHCKHMH HnonHTHHeCKHMHAe¶TeJIflMH•OH03HaKOMHJlHXcBHeLUHenOJIHTHqeCKHMH 3aqBJ1eHHAMH60JIbUIeBHCTCKOrO CHJIbHOe

HHeBHpaHeIlPOH3BeJIH                          B                                              COBeTCKHM IlPaBHTeJ1bCTBOMPaCCeKPeqeHHbleAOKYMeHTbIH3apXHBaUaPCKOrOH BpeMeHHOI'0IlPaBHTeJIbCTBa•BpaCKPbIBaiOI.LlHe3aXBaTHHqeCKHi                                       POccHH'AHrnHHH APYTHXHMnePHaJIHCTHHeCKHX            B0THOUIeHHHupaHa•

flaTPHOTHqeCKHHAeMOKPaTHHeCKHHaCTPOeHHbIeHPaHCKHenoJIHTHqeCKHe      CKJIOHHOCTbK                                      0HH UfbHbIXOTHOIIIeHHäc                              IlPaBHTeJIbCTBOM•

COAeÏCTBHHBpaBHHYy OCPaCllPOCTPaHHTbB CTOnHue 0n0一、 000、BJleHHe… HeCKOJIbKO TOMY

Ha.3a,IIHY)KeHMeJIp BCTpeq•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C006 ·

TOBIIPHCTY11HTbK                                                                                                                                                                                                            c

CTBaOTHOCHTeJIbHOaHHYJlHPOBaHHflBcexHe3aKOHHbIX OrOBOPOBH COrnaLI.IeHHä,HaKOTOPble                            cHnOM 3aCTaBHJIO110MTHCJIa60eHPaHCKOerOCYAaPCTBO•      OTMeHbIKOHueCCHä,KaKI'lPeACTaBHTeJIb                  POC-

CHH, TOTOBOT HMeHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             40r0BOPc

CKHM11PaBHTeJ1bCTBOM)>冖一56一·

OllHpaflCbHa3aflBJIeHHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HHa

aKTblCOBeTCKOFOllPaBHTeJlbCTBaKaKHaTIP00BbleAOKYMeHTbI

、P04H003HaqeHHfl'HPa•HCKOe               000、 0M00CaMcaMoc-CaJ1'1aHe冖H KYJIH-X•aHOMbaXTHflPOM)'30 一9一-

OIW6JIHKOBUIO0HM HY}OAeKJlaPal-lH}006aHHYJIHPOBaHHHKanHIYJIÃUHOHHOFO(e)KHMaHBCexHQaBHOnPaBHblX OrOBOPOB·3a · qeHHbIXHpaHOMCHHOCTPaHHblMH B3TOMAOKYMeHTe,BqaCTHOCTH,TOBOPHJlOCb:丶丶 H3TOrO」 0HbIHe

TWIbCTBOPOCCHHcB060AYH 、 He3aBHCHMOCTbBCex


HaPOAOBCBOHMH,aeUIOMHueJIbK)CBOHXYCTPeMneHHÏ,H3BeI.uaq HeOAHOKPaTHOKaK0HH bHO·TaKHHeoHH 6H006OTMeHe

o「OBOPOBHKOHUeCCHÏ,110.nyqeHHblXyHpaHa(l)•rreMnpHHY)KueHH¶, HH3TOTO,LITOHpaH11006H0BCeMAPYTHMrocynapcTB01HMeer TIOJIHOeH3aKOHHOenpaB0HaCBOH3KOHOMHqeCKHepecypcblHHa CB060y(H)Ke"IOAIIHCaBLUHeCAOTBeTCTBeHHbIegneHbIHPaHCKOI'O npaBH'IWIbCTBaTIPHHAJIHpell.IeHHeOTMeHHTbH06bflBHTbHeAeiCTBHTWIbHbIMHBCeYIIOMflHYTbIe冖HepaBHonpaBHbIe)ACI'OBOPbIHKOHLleCCHHHHaCTOflIAHMH3BeuaiOT063TOMKaKnpeAcTaBHTeneÏHHOCTPaHHbIXrocyAapcTB,aKKPeAHTOBaHHbIXBHau.lehCTOJIHU%•raKH Hau.IHXnpencTaBHTenei,npe6bIBai0LIIHxB3apy6e)KHbI.xcTpaHax,a TavxeBecb冖HPaHCKHä)Hapon»冖一57一·

KaKAHFJIHA,eraKHCILIAHOPaHI.IHAOTKa3UIHCbIIPH3HaTb aeK.napaI.IH10HpaHCKOroI'lPaBHTeJIbCTBa.AHIIJIOMaTbI3anaAHbIxAepxaBYCMOTPeJIHBHen BO OnaCHOCTb.Bo-nepBbIx,OHHonacaJIHCb,HTOeCJIHOHaIIOJIYHHT(e)KAYHaPOAHOeIlPH3HaHHe,TOTIPHMepyHpaHaMOI'YT110CJIeAOBaTbMHOTHe                                     30HCHMbIerocyAapCTBaCpenHeroBOCTOKa.BO-BTOPbIX,AeKJIaPaLIHflHPOICKOTOnpaBHTenbCTBa,ony6JIHKOBaHHag BCJIe.A3a3aAB.neHHeMnpeACTaBHTeJIfl CBHAe•reJIbCTBOBaJ1a0TOTOBHOCTHnpaBHTeJIbCTB B co-

CeAHHXCTpaHYCTaHOBHTbApyrCAPYFOMAH11JIOMaTHqeCKHeOTHOI.ueHH¶.HMeHHOT103TOMYIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBOCaMCaMoc-CaJITaHeCTUI() aHFJIHqaHKpaÏHeHexenaTeJIbHbIM.Cpa.3Y)Kenoc.ne06Hapo0,

BaHH9AeKJ1aPaUHH0H0B、eHO65m0Il()AaTbBOTCTOKY冖一58一·

1·7·BPHTaHCKHü11JlaHHaCpeAHeMBocTOKe

BcKope,BceHTR6pe,BTerepaHernaBOiiaHI'JIHäCKOäAH11JlOMaTHqeCKOÏMHCCHH6blJIHOHaqeHC3PflepchKOKC,3aHHMaBU.IHä 0 3T0r0rlOCT110JIHTHqeCKOFOpe3HAeHTaB30HeIlepcHÃcKOT()3aJIHBa.

BecH0ìi一9一8r.OH66mBb13BaHBJ10HAOH, BMeCTeCBHAHb1M ClleUHUIHCTOMnoCpeAHeMYBOCTOKYAPHOJIbAOMBHJIbCOHOMOKa3b1BaJ1COAeiCTBHePYKOBOAHTWI¶MOOPHHO(þHCaBpa.3pa60TKeHOBO aHTJIHäCKOÏflOJIHTHKHBOTHOtneHHHHpaHaHMeCOflOTaMHH.

BAOXHOBHTeneM H rnaBHbIM OTOPOM 3TOìi IIOJIHTHKH 66m MHHHCTPHHOCTPaHHbIX AHFJIHHJIOPIIKep30H.KKOHI.VFlepB0i MHPOBOMBOiHbI6PHTaHCKHeJIH6ePaJIbHbIe BblCTynaJIH3a Ill)0BeAeHHeBHpar-le60neerH6KOìinOJIHTHKHH3aOTKOOTflPAMOJIHHeiHOTOHMnePCKOTOKypca.OAHaKO6bIBl.MHiBHUe-KOPOJIbHHAHHKep30HHe)KeJIUICHHTaTbCflCBeneHHeMBPeMeHHHBblHaLUHBUI




aABOKaTCKOii                             <<MaKJIHHTOKHKO»OTHMeHHHPaHCKOrO flPaBHTeJ1bCTBa11POBePHTb                                            0THeTHOCTb                                     flPOBepKaBblABHJIa,11TOaHFJIHÏCKaqHe(þT¶HaqKOMnaHHAHeflOJIHOCTbÆO Bblfl.naqHBaeTIIPaBHTeJ1bCTBYHpaHa 40K)40X040BOT

TeMBpeMeHeMnepeTOBopb1. flPeACTaBHTeJ1flMHAllHKH MHHHCTePCTBOMHHOCTPaHHbIX [IPO0兴~hCb·BOJIbI.IIO OTIIeqaTOKHaXO 3THXneper0BopoBHaKJ1aAbIBUIBOflPOC0flPH3HaHHH HpaHOMCOBeTCKOÏdPOCCHH.JIOPAKep30HBCeMePHOAOÕHBUIC¶ OTKa.3a HPaHCKOTO PYKOBOACTBa OTYCTaHOBJIeHHfl O(þHUHWIbHbIX OTHOIneHHìáCMOCKBOÌ.

KaKCBHAereJIbCTBYK)TAOKYMeHTbI,BBonpoce0flPH3HaHHHCOBeTCKOTOIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBa,3HaHHTeJIbHbIepa3HOrnaCHR(e)KÄYJIOHOHOMHTerepaHOM06HaPY)KHJIHCbBnepHOATIPe6bIBaHH1yBJIaCTH Ka6HHeTaBocyra.HaXOAHBLt.IHÏCRBJ10HAOHeMHHHCTPHHOCTPaHHbIXAenllPaBHTeJlbCTBaHocpeT0A-ÅoyneOHPY3MHP3a,B6eceAec KOPPeCflOHAeHTOMroeTbI<<TaMMC>>,TeKCTKOTOPO 6bIJIOny6JIHKOBaH6 一920r.,110JIO)KHTeJIbHO0T03B C0AeÈÍCTBHIXnpaBHTeJIbCTBaCOBeTCKOiPOCCHH.OH110nqePKHBaJI60JIbI.IIOe3HaqeHHe JlHpaHaaHHYJTHPOBaHHe dOCKBO HepaBHonpaBHbIX OTOBOPOBH COT.naII.xeHHM,3aKJIK)HeHHbIX(e)KAYLlaPCKOÈÍPoccHeÈiHHpaHOM.

JIOPAKep30HBOBpeMflBCTPeHHcOHPY3MHP30ä HaHero OTKPbITOeAaBJIeHHe,HT06bICKJIOHHTbHpaHCKOeIIPaBHTeJIbCTBOKOTKOYOTHAeHYCTaHOBJIeHHfl0 HH HXOTHOI.neHHìiCCOBeTCKHM flPaBHTeJIbCTBOM.<<BKOHI.IeBCTPeqH, OTMeTHJIKep30HBCBOHX JIHHHbIX3aflHcqx,| ·flPHTP03HB,CKOUIeMY,LITOecJIH(e)KAYHpaHOMHCOBeTCKHMflPaBHTeJ1bCTBOM6YAeT3aK..mOt•IeH orOBOP·TO 60J1bI.neBHCTCKHe3MHCCaPbIOHeHbCKOPOCYMerOTnPOHHKHYTbBHpaH H11PHCTY11HTbKaHTH6PHTaHCK0ìiarmaUHHHAeìíCTBH-flM>>[一66一·

TIPaBHTeJ1bCTB0Bocyra,OAHaKO,一0Maq一920r.06paT 0 K COBeTCKOMYIlPaBHTeJIbCTBYCTIPWIO)KeHHeM06YCTaHOBJIeHHHrocyAaPCTBeHHbIXOTHOUIeHHìÍ (e)KAYHPaHOM C0HO CTOPOHbI, H PC(DCPHA3ep6aäA)KaHCK0üCCP,c pyro KaKSBCTByerH3 TeKCTaTenerPaMMbI,OT11PaB.neHHOiBOCYTOMBHal-lane(K)HA一920r.

ÖHPY3MHP3eBJ10HAOH,HPaHCKHMnpeMbepBblPa3HJ1)KenaHHe,Kai( (O)KHOCKOpeeBOC110JIb30BaTbCÃ<<6naF011PH¶THbIMHTIPeAJTO)KeHHIMH,CAenaHHbIMH60JIbUIeBHKaMH>>.

Floc.neAOJTHXneper0B01)0B4HiOHfl一920r.6bIJIaAocTHI*Hy-ra npeÄBapHTeJIbHaqAOrOBOPeHHOCTbMex.ayAIIHKHMHHHCTePCTBOM HHOCTPaHHbIXHpaHa.一一(K)HA一920r.PYKOBOACTBOKOM11aHHH

100


OTIIPOHJIOB                         HpaHaflHCbMO.BHeM,CyyeTOMPOCTaaHTHaHTJIHÏCKHXBblCIYflJIeHHÌáH1101B.neHHflCOBeTCKOrOÞcropa,aTaK)Ke BBHAY3HaHHTeJIbHbIXnepeMeHHaMHPOBOMHed)T¶HOMPblHKe冖B 一920r.ueHaHaCb1PY40He4)Tb110AcKOHHJTaHa50 一BTpoerlPeBb1CHB 一9一3(.),C006 IOC 060TKa3e0T(þHHaHCOBbIXnpereH3HÏKHpaHV H0COrnaCHHI'lPHnoncwreHHCTOMIlPH6bIJIHflPHH¶TbBOBHHMaHHe KPHTHqeCKHe30feqaHHfl HPOICKOÌ CTOPOHbI BaApecKOMnaHHH.

H3bqBHJIaFOTOBHOCTbBbln.naTHTbHpaHY3a0Tpe30KBpeMeHH

CHaqa..naIlPOMbII.11JIeHHOVIAe¶TeJ1bHOCTH1103一MapTa一9一9r.AOIIOJIHHTeJIbHO500TbIC. ·CT.HUIHHHbIMHWIH一00TbIC.B065一HHbIX aKUHflXKOMnaHHH冖一67一·

BTOBpeMflBocyrBblPa3HJIpe3KOeHeAOBOJIbCTBOBTOP)KeHHeM BOJI)KCKO-KaCFIHMCKOÏI (þJIOTHJIHH KpacH0äAPMHHBrlOPT 3H3eJIH一8Maq一920r.BTenerpaMMe Jlo OH冖 4                                       一920r.) OHoxapaKTepH30BaJIBOeH aKI.IHK)qaCTeäKpacH0iiAPMHHB pai0He3H3eJIHKaKBOOPYYCHHYIOHHTCPBeHUHfOHrlËAJIO)KHJIeMY

063TOMCOBeTJIHFHHalÅHä.OAHOBPeMeHHO,HeB3H-

HaHeAOBOJIbCTBOLUHPOKOìi061.UeCTBeHHOCTH,Bocyr(þaKTHqeCKH TIPHCTYflHJI K PWIH3aLIHH aHTJIO-HPaHCKOTO COT.naI.neHHq 一9一9r.

BecHoM一920r.BTerepaHflPH6bI.naaHTJIHMCKaqd)HHaHCOBagMHCCHfl BOCAPMHTeäA)K-CMHTOM.Haqa.naCBOK)pa60 · HpaHeH aHI'JIHüCKaHBOeHHaqMHCCHI.

flOJ1hTHKa3aMeHHBl.neFOBocyraHa110CTYflPeMbeP-MHHHCTPa Mowøpa0•40Ye冖XacaHxaHHHPHHR)OTJIHqa.naCbrH6KOCTbK).

OCB060AHBAPMHTeÏA)K-CMHTaOT06¶3aHHOCTeÏIrnaBHOFO

COBOFOCOBeTHHKaHpaHa,OH,TeMHeMeHee,rlOPYHHJ1eMY[IPOOJI aTbBJ10HAOHenepeTOBopbIcAflHKOTHMeHHHpaHa.I-IPH 3TOMOHHaKa.3aJIeMYA06HTbC¶YBeJIHqeHHAAOJIHHpaHaB 0X0ax KOMnaHHH.OTKa3bIBaACbBIlPHHLlHneIlPH3HaTbcor.naLIIeHHe 0ero YTBeP)KAeHHflMeAWIHCOM,npeMbepIIPOOJI flOAaeP)KHBaTbKOHTaKTbICrlPH6bIBWHMHBTerepaHnoJIHHHHCOrnaI.neHHfl 一9一9r.

4)HHaHCOBbIMHHBOeHHbIMHCOBeTHHKaMH.HOBbIüaHTJIHäCKHìi110CJIaHHHKr.HOPMaH,BPYHHBU.IHiu.laxyCBOHBePHTeJlbHbleTPaMOTbI 一0HiOH1一920r.,YMeJIOHCflOJIb30BaJICTpaxHOBOFOnpeMbepanepeA POCTOM HallHOHÜIbHO-OCB060ÄHTeJIbHOI'O ABH)KeHH¶ BceBePHbIX EIPOBHHUH¶XHpaHaHaKTHBHOpacnpocTpaHAJ1CJIYXH0HeH36e)K• HOCTHnpeAcT0flBI.uei丶丶60J1bUIeBHCTCKOäHHTePBeHLIHH>>.BTO)Ke BpeMg Mou.IHp HanpaBHJ1 (d)HLIHaJIbHYlO AeneraLlHIO BMOCKBY.

FlpeACTaBHTeJIHOOPHHO(þHCaHAlIHKBblPa3HJIHHeAOBOJIbCTBOero

101

neäCTBH¶MHH06nMCeroCMeIJÅeHHA.

HOB一TIPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIìíKa6HHer                                KBJ1ac•TH冖一HO6, pn一920(.)6J1aroaapqYCHJIHAMaHrJIHäCKHX      B

rpaMMe0T260 6p 一920r.aHrJIHìÍCKHä110CJ1aHHHKC006 Kep30HY0110Ap06HOCTflxCBOeìíBCTPeHHCIllaXOM. npeAJ1())KhJ'1Cenax..aapA30fa, TOBOPWIOCbBTenerPOfMe, Illax006PHJ13T0 TIPWIO)KeHHe,HMb!06CYAHJIHBTeqeHHeKop0TKOT0BPeMeHH,KaKHM AO.TI)KeH6bITbCOCTOHOBOTOKa6HHem».

BOKTf16peBJ10HAOHeHaqancgHOBb1ìípayHÄ c BKOTOPb1XupaHCK0enpaBwreJ1bCTB0 APMH_ TeiA)K-CMHT. OHHBnPHHUHne3aBePUIHJIHCbBnepB()ìi

AeKa6pq.一一aeKa6pqKep30Hnopyt.1HJ1aHrJIHäCKOMYrlOCJIaHHHKYB TerepaHenepeAaTb HPaHCKOMY npeMbep-MHHHCTpyHMHHHCTPY (þHHaHCOBCBeAeHH10AOCTHTHYTbIXAOTOBOPeHHOCTRX.22

一920r.APMHTeiA)K-CMHT0THMeHHKa6HHeraCenaxnapaA3aMa

HOBOecorna111eHHecAllHK冖一68一·

HOBOecornauxeHHeCOXPaHHJIO一60,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HpaHaB

Aox0AaxKOMnaHHHHOllPeAeJIflJIOIIPHHUHIIee

BOBHHMaHHe3KOHOMHHeCKHeTPYAHOCTHupaHcK()ro

AFIHK06e 一aBMec-ro4)Hrypqp0BaBmeÜ

CYMMb1B500THC. CT.BblnnaTHTbHpaHY一MJIH. CT.,q•r06b1

YAOBJIeTBOPHTbBCe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  npereH3HH

TBaC3anepHOAno3一Mapm一9一9r.冖B3TYYMMYC6b1JIH 一92T66·CT.,yxeBblnnaqeHHb1XHpaHY).

CMHTaBcor.naII.IeHHe6b1JIH 冖CT.3H4一·KOTOPbIe CCB0604鸢HAllHK0TynnaTb1HPaHCKOMYTIPaBHTeJ1bCTBY一6 ,HO

AOJIHHHCTbIX0X00BeeAoqepHHxKOMnaHHìÍH              BTO BpeM¶KaK<<KaflHTU1 C03AaHH¶Bcex3THXKOMMepqeCKHX

IIPH¶THM,|KaK                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3JIBeJIJ1-CaT1'OH,|6nB3¶TH3                                                                                                                                                                          OT

HPaHCK0äH$n»[169].

HOBblÏfHPaHCKHìiKa6HHeT,3aMeHHBUJHžnpaBH•reJ1bCTB0Cenax_ A3aMa,06PaTHJIC¶KH3BeCTH()ìí OHAOHCKO aABOKaTCK()ìí(þHPMe

3aOTHOCH•reJIbHOCOOTBe•TCTBHq

03H冖22aeKa6pq一920(.)ePBOHaqaJ1bHOMYn

KOHUeCCHH.BCBOeM3aKJIiOqeHHH0T27 一92一r.,HarlPaBJIeH-

HOMBHpaHCKY}OMHCCHK)BJlOHAOHe,4)HPMa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HO-

Boecornau.IeHHeBI"IPHHUHneMOHOoxapaKrepH30BaTbHe

KaK <<npeHe6pe)KeHHe npaBaMH H3HaHHTeJ1bHb1MH

HpaHa冖一70一·

一02

HpaHcKoeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO,OAHaK0,BKOHKPeTHb1X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 TO-

roBPeMeHH,BCHJIYHerlOJIHOäH*PMHPOBaHHOCTH0XaPaK•-repe (þHHaHCOBOÏAemeJ1bHOCTHAllHKH

HUIbHOFOYPOBH¶CBOHXMHHHCTPOB,He ()UeHHTb,KaK()ÏI3Ha_ qHTeJ1bHbIiYI.uep6B                              HaHecercerpaHeC()rnaI_IIeHHe,3a , qeHHeKOTOPOTO 6110110BepeH0 APMHTeäA)K-CMHTY.

aHI'JIHqaHYBeJIHHHTbBblFIJ1aHHBaeMYiOKOMnaHHeäl.dpaHY BH_ AHMO,3aTMHJIOnHPaHUeBOCTPO'IY CTO_

POH                                                                                                                 一920r.

BueJIOMKOHeunepBOìiMHPOBOMBOÏHb1  齸HpaHa BeCbMa HeOAH03HaqHbIe Pe3YJIbTaTbI. 3aBel)1.neHHe HaHPaHCKOH

TePPHTOPHHBOeHHbIXneiCTBHüHe11PHBenoK H

BenHK06PHTaHH1BHOB()ÏI06CTaHOBKe, ee

HCOK)3HHIIaPOCCH¶YIDJIaH3HpaHa,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PaC11POCTPaHHTbCBOe

BœHHO-110JIHTHqeCKOenpucyrcTBHeHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ()Ha06 CHa

3T0)KenaHHeMcaep)KaTbHacrryr1J1eHHe60J1bLL1eBH3MaHaee

HaCpeAHeMBOCTOKe.CAPYI'()ÏCTOPOHb1,

MOKPaTHHeCKHeABHYCHH¶BCeBePHb1X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         H

KUlbHbIecenapaTHcrrcKHeBOCCTaHH¶110JIYK0qeBb1X

HOBOÏOnaCHOCTb}O JI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           KaA)Kap0BHee

onopbl 3eMeJIbHOžaPHCTOKPaTHH.TeMHeMel-lee, HeAaBHO

HaXOAHBU.IaAC¶HarpaHHFH6eJIHnpaBHB111a.qBTerepaHe

npeAnpHHflJIapaKI.IHM,HarlPoneHHb1XHaB03P0)KAeHHe

Ta1.1eHTPaJIbHOäBJfflCTHHee1103HHB06nacTH

OTHOI.neHHÏ.HaH6()neeBOKHYf0qacTb3THXMep nonblT_ KaYCTaHOB.neHHAAHIWIOMaTHqeCKHX0TH01.neHHÏc pocCHeÏ,aTaK)Ke110JIYHHTb(4)HUHU1bH0e Ha flaPH)KCKYK)MHPHY、K()H(þePeHI.II•nOcnpaBOM

OTHOCHTeJ1bHOBonpoca06YCTaH()BJ1eHHH

OTHOI.ueHHžCPOCCHeä,KaK6no110Ka:3aH()

BocyranpoOJI~0CBOHKOHCYJIb'18UHHcJI()PAOMKep30HOM.

HTOKacae•rcgHPaHCKOÏIHHHUuaTHBbIBOTHOUleHHH

KOH4)ePeHL(HH,TOeeHCTOPH9'IÐK()Ba.COrnaCH()HPaHCKHMHCTOPH-

KaM,AHIWIOMaTHqeCKHerlPeI(CTaBH-reJIHAHI'JIHH, 一9一7r.BPOCCHH,BOBpeMqBCTpeqcqneHaMHHPaHCKOFOnpaBu.reJIb_ CTBa,6yTOAenaJIHHaMeKH0B03M0)KHOCT¶X                           KHpaH_

CKOäTePPHTOPHHHeKOTOPbIXI-IPHI"PaHHHHb1X

(O)KHOTOKaBKa3aHTypKecrraHa.HKOIuaB一9一8r.,

r.FIaI.ueHH1 flPe3HAeHTOM CILIA Bynpo BHJ1bCOHOM H3BeCTHbIX

103




TJIABAIl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                KaBKa..3e.CeBepHbIeIIPOBHHLIHHHpaHaHC110Jib30BUlHCbBKaqeCTBe nnau,aapMaaHFJIHäCKHMHMHTePBeHUHOHHb1MHBOäCKaMHr

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        一43,3apeBOJUOUHOHHbIX C06bITHä HI'PaynaHCKOä BOäHbI Ha TePPHTOPHHPOCCHHBHpaHeOCTaBU!OCb3HaHHTeTlbHOeHHCJIO

KPH31dCBEPXOBHOHBJIACTHKAA)KAPOB,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CKHXBOMCK.CaMbIMKPY11HbIMCOeAHHeHHeM6bIJI3KCneAHUHOHHbIÜ KOPIVCno KOMaHAOBaHHeM                                 baPaT()BaöBC.ne,ACTBHe

IIEPEBOPOT21OEBPAJI¶1 21r.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 KoronaneHHAKypcaPOCCHÏCKOFOpy6JIfl4)HHaHCOBOe06eCneqeHHe

KopnycaBflOCneBœHHbIänePHOAOCYLUeCTBJ1flJIOCbaHTJIHHaHaMH,

ETOIIOCJIEACTBI'I¶冖1 20,1925rr.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        T0tIHee,1.11aXHHI.naXCKHM6aHKOM.HeperynqpHoeBb1110JIHeHHeaH-

TJIHÏCKHMHB.naCT¶MHCBOHX06A3aHHOCTeHB3T0 06.naCTHCTaJIO 0HOH3TIPHHHHPOCTaaHaPXHqeCKHXHaCTPOeHHHcpeAH

CKHXBOeHHOCJIY)KaIuHX.OHH3a6eCUeHOKCKynafIHCKOT,BbiOHHblX iCHBOTHbIX,3epHO,(Þypa.)K,IlPOÃOBOñbCTBHe.B60JlbLüHHCTBe

eBIIPOCTOPeKBH3HPOBanHHX.YCTPaHBaJIHflOTPOMbIH110>KaPbIHa llpeKpaI.ueHHeBOeHHbIXaeMCTBHìáHaA3HaTCKHX(þpOHTaxBO•                             Pb!HKaX,rpa6HJIHHHaCHÐOBaJIHMHPHbIX)KHTeneìi.TaKHeneìiCTBHfl

Hbl一9一4~一9一8rr., H3HpaHaType11KHxqaCTeäH30epu.reHHe HMeJIHMecTO YPMHH,Ka3BHHe,,npyrHXroponaxHFIOCeneHHflX乛一一· BOeHHbIXorrepaI.lHi,CB13aHHbIXCAeflTeJIbHOCTbžOrePMaHCKHX3MHC- BTenerpaMMe0T一冖一4一一9一7r.Ha rnaBHOKOMaHAYK)LqecapOB,HeTIPHHeCJIHHPaHCKOMY06LUeCTBYCIIOKOÈÍCTBH¶HCTa6HJIb- roKaBKOCKHMbapaTOB3aflBJ1flJI…丶丶EAHHCTBeHHbIä HOCTH.111)()OJI OCbpa.3J10)KeHHeUeHTPUIbHOMBJIaCTH.BOMHOFHX BblXOAH3c03AowerocgFIOJIO)KeHH¶,yBOAKopnycaH3nepCHH. perHOHax,OC06eHHOHaOKpaHHax,BPYKaxTIOJIYKOqeBbIXnneMeH HaMHHKaKHeJIb3¶3aKPbIBaTbrna.3aHac03AaBl„ueecq110JIO>KeHHe, 0Ka.3anocbHeMaJIOOPY)KH¶.OHHCOBepwaJIHqaCTbIeHa6erHHa FP039LI丶eeAe30praHH3aI.IHeiHal.UHXBOMCK,BCJ&ACTBHeHeH36EìKHblX oceA.noeHOe.neHHe,FPa6HJIHMHPHbIX)KHTeneìi.IIPOHCXOAHJIHOCT- IIPHTaKHXYCJIOBHAXAHFJlHqaHeHMOIYI'H 0 HblHaM PbleBOOPY)KeHHbIeCTbIHKH(e)KAY110JIYKOqeBbIMHnneMeHaMH.1.11eJI rlOMO%,Ha.J.IOTOJIbKOCTOHTbHMBonpocpe6POM)>冖2一·YKObIBaqHa npoueccCOKPaI.UeHH¶flPOH3BOACTBaOCHOBHbIXCeJIbCKOX03flÈÍCTBeH- 0TKa.3MeCTHbIX)KHTe.neäIIPHHHMaTbPYCCKHe,aeHbFH,OH

HbiXKYJ1bTYP.<<Xne6HbIe6YHTbI>>,OC06eHHOBOCeHHe-3HMHHeMecq-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C006 …<<be3nepcHAcKHxneHer3Aecb(KypAHcTaHeIdPaHCKOM.

Abl,H3-3aHe.XBaTKH3epHaHflPOAOBOJIbCTBHflCTaHOBHJIHCb06bIHHb1M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C.A.一CYLI.IeCTBOBaHHeHeB03MO)KHO>)冖3一·

ABJ1eHHeM.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  úeMrlPOMbII.WIeHH()-PeMeCneHHOI"OflPOH3BOA-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            KaKH3BeCTHO,Bpe3YJIbTaTenepBOPiMHPOBOÏBOHb一caMbIe3Ha-

CTBa.TaKOä)Ke 6bIJ'IxapaKTepeH BHyrpeHHeìíHBHe1.11Heä                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HHTeJIbHbIeTePPHTOPHUIbHbIeIIPH06PereHHflAOCTaJlHCbbPHTaHCKOÏ

HMnePHH.TeMHeMeHee,eereOflOJIHTHqeCKHeaM6HUHHIIPOAOJI)KUIH TOPI'OBJIH.110MeLUHKH,BHHCJIOKOTOPblXBXOAHIIH

MHOFHeIlPeACTaBHTeJIHAYXOBeHCTBa«nepBOI'0pa3pflAa»(丶crepa3-e pacTH.OAHHMH3IIPHMepOBnOA06HbIXYCTPeM.neHHäCTa.na11011bITKa aBBan»),HBblCOKOTIOCTaB.neHHbIeHHHOBHHKHBCflHeCKHYKJIOHflJIHCb                                           YCTaHOBHTbHaaHpaHOM6PHTaHCKHìíIlPOTeKTOPaTHa aHTJlOOTBHeCeHH¶HaTypUlbHoroHneHe)KHOT'OHUIOFOB.rOCYAapCTBeHHaq    HPaHCKOTOcornau.IeHHA一9一9r.KCTaTH, OPKep30H0TBepran110KB,3Ha6bIJIaonycTOII.IeHa.TIPaBHTeJIbCTBO,I.uaxHeroABOPBCe60n6·    06H0eyrBep)K,aeHHe,rOBOPfl06JIaFOPOAHbIXHOfePeHHflXaHFJIHHI-uenonaaaJIHB30HCHMOCTbOT4)HHaHCOBOärlOAaeP)KKHBej1HKO-     CKOFOTIPaBHTeJIbCTBa,KOTOPOe TIOMOLUHCBOHXCOBeTHHKOBH 6PHTaHHH.                                        3KcnepTOB 06HB OC K06bIB03P0 eHH HpaHa冖4一·BTO>KeBpe-

BOJIbIIIO YIIlep6Caspar-reflPHHOCHJIOnpucyrcTBHeHHOCTPaHHb1X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         MgaMePHKaHCKHäOTOP T.MYH,HCXOA¶H3aHaJIH3aCOAeP>KaHH9

BOäCK|aHFJIHäCKHXHPOCCHMCKHX.TIOCJIeBOäHbltlHCneHHOCTbaH- 3T0r0cor..qatneHHq,CtMTUI,HTOAHFJIH¶A06HBanaCbYCTaHOBJ1eHHfiB FJIHäCKHXBOäCKnp0AOJI)Ka.napacTH.3TOMYCOAeÈiCTBOBa.na800PY, HpaHe<<COBPeMeHHOÜXHTPOYMHOÌ OPMb一HMnePHUlHCTHqeCK()rO HGHHanHHTePBeHI.IHRBe.fIHK06PHTaHHHBTypKecTaHeHHaK))KHOM KOHTPOJI%>>冖5一·HeTCOMHeHH¶BTOM,CITOPernaK)UIHM(þaKTOPOM,

一06                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    107

7

IIOATUIKHBOUIHMKep30HaHeroeAHHOMb1UIJleHHHKOBK《HOBO

110JIHTHKeBHpaHe,6bIJInpe)KAeBcero POCCHHH3perHOHa.

OAHaKOHCTOPHqeCKHÿÍnapaAOKcCOCTOAJIBTOM, 0y.'KoaHH()e06, CTOflTeJIbCTBOOAHOBPeMeHHOCTHMYJIHPOBUIOYCHJ1eHHeHOBOFOHaLIHOHaJIHCTHqeCKOI'OTeqeHHABCTPaHe,3ap0)KAeHHeKOT0poroqeTKO 00ce6e3HaTbBKOHue一9一一r.TornanoB03AeñCTBHeMqpKHX BblCTYflJIeHHìárpyllllblAenyraT()BHPaHCKHìÍMeA)KJIHCBTOPOFOC03bIBaOTBeprPOCCHÏCKHÌi 、M, C060 HenpHKPb1TYkOy 03YHpaHYBOOPY)KeHHoìí0KKYflauneìÍ.CMenaq,aHTHhMnePHUIHCTHHeCKaq1103HHqneHOBnaPJ1aMeH'raBb13Bana

naTPHOTHqeCKHXBblCTYflJIeHHÏBOCHOBHb1X KOHCTHTYUHOHHOPeBOJliOUHH. HecMOTPAHa110JIHTHqeCKOenopa)KeHHenp0AeMOKpaTHqecK()F0 naTl)HOTHqecKOF0TeqeHHfl,BXOAHB1.11HeBHero HOBO

CBeTCKOVIHHTeJIJIHreHL()H冖6一Hnp06ypycya3Hb1e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      He

JIHCbOTCBOeìí110JIHTHqeCKOüaerreJlbHOCTH.

BnepHOApa60TbiMemKJIHCaTpeTberoC03blBa,BHaqa.neAeKa6pq 一9一4 Ill)hcrynwlaKaeyreJ1bHOCTH(þpaKIIHflAeMOKpaTHqecK0ìinapTRH,KOTOpaqn0n630Bacb60J1bU10ìá XapaK•repHO, HTOaKTHBHCTbIAeMOKPaTHqeCKOìínapTHHB3TOT 6bIJIH110_

CJIeAOBaTeÃbHbIHIlPHHUHflHUIbHbI.OHHHe()TKa3a.naCb0T

rpaMMbI,IIPHHATOìíel.ueB一9一0r.,coaepxaB1.ueìí

THI•reCKHeTe3HCbI,HOBCBA3HCpacL11HpeHHeM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 BœHHO_


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                TIPOBHHUHBXCTpaHbI.BHPaHCKOM                                    ABH)KeHHe

npoaHTJIHäCKOIAOKypcaIl.laxaHTIPaBHTeJ1bCTBaPa3BHBUIOCbopraHH30BaHO.HMPYKOBOAHJIH6bIB111He                                        qpaHcK()üAeM()KpaTHHecKOänapTHH. napTH9,B03HHKI.uaqBnepH()AKOHCTHTYUHOHHOìí

PeBOJIK)UHH,nocneC06bITHÈiKOHua一9一5r.BTerepaHeHe

HHPOBa.na,HOIIOJIHOCTHOCBOeìineqTeJlbHOCTHOHaHe

OC06YIOaKTHBHOCTbeeopraHH3aL()9npoqBngnaB

flPH3HaHHbIiJIHAepa.3eP6aMA)KaHCKHXAeM()KpaTOB     MO_ xaMMeAXHf16aHH6bIJIK3TOMYBPeMeHH                H3BeCTHblM


THqeCKHMAeneneM.OH06.qa PeJIHTH03Hb1McaHOM.B

BblflOJIHflJ1BMeqeTH06B3aHHOCTbHMaMa冖PYKOBOAHTenq

HOMOJIHTBbI).BTO BpeMfleroROJIHTHqeCKHe                                              6bIJIH 6JIH3KHB033PeHHAMPeBOmOUHOHHbIXaeMOKPaTOB.     aKTHBHO

yqaCTBOBaJIBKOHCTH'IYUHOHHOÌÛPeBOJIK)UHH,0Tr.Te6pH3a66mn36 paH,aenyraTOMMeA)K.rIHCaBTOporoC03b1Ba.HMeHH0B

HOCTH3TOI'OMeA)KJIHCaXHH6aHHCOBePUJHJ1

KOTOPOMYeroHM¶OKOUIOCbB caMb1XaBTOPHTeTHblX HPaHCKOÏHCTOPHH.

BXOAe06cyeHHPOCCHäCKO0YJ1bTHMa'1)、MaOT29HO」6p」

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      一9一一r.,HeB3HpaqHanaBJ1eHHeHa          COCTOPOHbl

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   CTBa,XH¶6aHHpe3KOBblC'1)丶flHJ1rlPOTHB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       e0ycno_

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           BHä.BnepBbIeHPaHCKHä                                                       cTPH6YHb1

HMnepCKYÆOCYLUHOCTbAeMCTBHMPOCCHÏCKOTO11PaBHTeJ1bCTBaBOT-

roIIPHCYTCTBHflBHpaHe一TIOJIHTHHeCKaqaKTHBHOCTbpe3KO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        HOUJeHHHHpaHa.OHIlPH'3Ba_n

BHOBOVI110JIHTHqeCKOìí06CTaHOBKe,KOTOpaq IIPOTHBTIPHHATH¶YJIbTHMaTY、Ma. 3T0r0XH¶6aHHnpoH3Hec OKT6p0K0 PeBOJ110UHH一9一7r.BPOCCHH, 60JIbLÐYK)pegbHaMOCOBOMMHTHHre0HOH3 冖《Ca63e KpaTHqeCKOÏInapTHHCTpaHbIBHOBbaKTHBH3HPOBaJIH

HOCTb.HeTOJIbKOIl()JIHTHHeCKHeJl()3YH1'HHOBOI'O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PYKO_                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   THHMeìinaH>))HpaHa.冖8一Had)OC·OPraHH30BaHHOM3T0 peqHPYKOBOACTBOMHanpaBJleHÅeM()Kpa-ruqecK()ìiHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  nap_aH_

BOACTBa0COTPYAHHqeCTBeCHPaHUaMH,HOHHacrroìíHHBaq                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      THHPaHCKOäCYUIHOCTHflOJlHTHKHuaPCKHX                 BHpaHe.B

OOPHHO(þHCa,HarlPaBJIeHHaqHa6e30Tnara•reJ1bH0e           CO_                                             HOCTH,OH3MBHJI,LITOrpy6aqJIHAe_ r.naweHHR一9一9r.,Bb13BUlHBHpaHe                                               BOJIHY                                           POBABJ1qeTCflpeaKLlHeäHa1103HTHBHb1Ï                 Mopra_

HaHTHaHI'JIHñCKHXBblCTY11JIeHHM.BOJIHa HOCHJla                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 xa_                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HOMUlycTepoMBynopflAoqeHH¶FOCYAaPCTBeHHb1X H

paKTep.OTTePPOPHCTHHeCKHXaKTOB,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HaH3H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      BCTpaHe.HMeHH0f103TOMYPOCCHq<<TaKynOPHO

FJIHÏCKHX OCY1ueCTBnqeMbIX丶<KOMH•reTOMB03Me3AH 冖7],    HacTaHBaerH0r0B0 CHCTeMbIHaYAUIeHHHl.llyc•repac3aHHMaeMOF0HM 冖9一·OH 0MaCCOBblXABH)KeHHiHBOCCTaHHìí.

06 CHH·qTOOCyrueCTBJ'IeHHbIeLUycrrep0MIlPe()6Pa3()BaHH¶


2·1·Te6pH3cKoeBOCCTaHHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CKOFOrHBaK)TnpaBHTeJIbcTBa,'12K)KeJIHqHbIeHHrrePeCb1qeMH06'bflCHETCgpqaaBHAHb1XOTPHLWreJIbH0eOTHO-HpaH-

K 一920r. MaCCOBb1e 、                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I.ueHHeKrnaBHOMYKa3Haqe10.OH

corJIameHHR PaCUIHPHJIHCb OC06eHH0 BTerepaHe HceBepHbIx                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           HOCTHI-.uycTepaBCB¶3Hc110aaBJ1eHHeM

一08

109


MOYsaMMeA AJIHHeroTIPHCneUlHHKOB. CBOeBPeMeHH()pa3_ pe11.1WIBOflPOC0 06ecneqeHHHBOOPY)KeHHblX ·flPH_

HHBU.IHXygacTHeB110AaBJleHHH

r1100MTerepaHcK0ìiIIOJIHUHH

HarrpaBneHbIHapflAbIIIOJIHI.IHHHaIMO

HH,HOTaMeroY)KeHe6510,B MewxeAHOTTYAaBA3ep6aiiA)KaH.floCOBe•ryCOPaTHHKOBXHf16aHH OTTIPOHJICHHaCeBePHb1ìÍKaBKa3冖neTPOBCK), qepe3He-

CKOJ1bKOMeCÃUeBBePHYJICflBTe6PH3.qepe3Il()CPeAHHKOB

IdpaHcKOT0A3ep6aìiA)KaHaCarøenxaH11.10A)Ka C60 He 11011BepraTbIl.leìixaXHA6aHH11PeCneAOBaHHflM,ecJIHOH 3aHH_

MaTbCÃHCKJIK)tIHTeJIbHOTopr0BJ1eìiH

HMaMaB0HOH3MewreìiTe6PH3a冖一一一·TeMHeMeHee,K nepBOMMHPOBOÏBOMHbI (')KeB0306HOBHJlCBOK)

KYOAegTeJIbHOCTb.

B00blnepBOìiMHPOBOìíBOMHb1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       npOTHB

IlPe6bIBaHHAHHOCTPaHHbIXBOMCKHaHpaHCK0ìíTePPHTOPHH.3aCBOe

OTPHUaTeJIbHOeOTHOII.IeHHeKnaHHCJ1aMCKOMY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    KOTOPOe

110Å.AeP)KHBaJIHUeHTPaJ1bHbIeAepxaBb1, Bcero TYPLIHfl,B一9一8r.OH6apecTOBaHTYPeUKHMHBœHHbIMHBJIacTq_ MHHCOCJ1aHBr.Kapc冖一2一·OAHaKOBHaga.ne一9一9r.6b1J10CB060 , AeHHBepHY.rrcgBTe6PH3,rilerlPHnoz:uep)KKeCBOHXCOPaTHHKOB B0306HOBHJI110JIHTHqeCK)40AexreJ1bHOCTbAe_

MOKPaTHHeCKOìínaPTHH.OHa 06pa3()BaHaKaK

OPraHH3aLIHflHH3,3BaHaAeMOKPaTHqeCKOÈi 冖AHA).FleqaTHb1MopraHOMnapTHH ra3e•raT a 0一冖06• HOBJIeHHe»).OHaH3Aoa.naCbHa …TžOPKCKO-a3ep6aìÍ_ A)KaHCKOMHnePCHACKOM.AerreJ1bHOCTbK)Al-IAH eera3e_ TblPYKOBOAHJIHweìixMoxaMMeAXHÚHH,)KypHannc•rMHP3aTarH xaHPHd)arr,PeJIHTH03HO-flOJIHTHqeCKHìí MHP3a HO_

y6apH,Kep6enaHAJIHXapupHH Apyrux TOJIHKOMK

06beAHHeHHK)CTUIH0)KHaaeMbleBb160Pb1B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HOBOro

C03bIBa, AOJI)KeH6bIJIPaCCMaTPHBa'I'bC¶Bonpoc06YTBeP)KAeHHH

aHFJ10-HPaHCK0r0corna1.ueHH1一9一9r.冖一3一

一5anpem一920r.BTe6pH3eHaHUIOCbBOCCTaHHe,PYKOBOAHMoe meiXOMXHf16aHHHeroCOPaTHHKaMHH3Al-IAOCHOBHbIeTpe60_ Bar-IHRe,3eP6aiA)KaHcKHXneMOKPaTOB,aapec0BaHHb1e

flPaBHTeJ1bCTBY,COCTOflJIHH3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      一爳、HKTOB…06PO()BaHHeB


HpaHepecny6JIHKH…npeAocTaBJ1eHHeHpaHcKOMYA3ep6a a

caMoynpaB.neHH¶冖                        aBTOHOMHK))…ocyL.UeCTB.neHHeC18TeMHPaHCKOÏKOHCTH'IYUHH0TH()CHTeJ1bH0

HIlPOBHHUHUIbHb1X3HA)KYMeHOB冖COB0B一…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         H3c••rpaHbIBcex

HHOCTPaHHbIXBOÏCKHBœHHbIXCOBVTHHK()B',0Tc•raBKa

CTBaBocyr0,OYJIeHaHHYJIHP()BaHHeaHrJ10-upaHcK()F0

HH¶一9一9r.;YC•raHOBJ1eHHec                     POCCHHAHIMIOMaTH_ qeCKHXOTH()LI.IeHHìáHKOMMePHeCKHXCBf13eìí冖一4一·

Be3OC06bIXOCJIO)KHeHHÈiPYKOB()AHTeJlH H3 Te6PH3anpeACTaBH'ItJIeÈÚ•rerepaHCKoronpaBHTeJ1bCTBa.H3 0P0a

yexaJIHTaK.)KeceMbÃH6JIH3KOeOKpy')KeHHeHaCJ1eAHHKa

xa.flPOBHHLIHUIbHaqBJ1aCTb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  BPYKH

冖<<06UIeCTBeHHOeIlPeACTaBHTeJIbCTBO>>).BKOHue    一920r.ero TIOJIHOMOqHS6b1JIHnepenar-lblHaUHOHaJ1bHOMY       B00, r.naB.nqeMOMYXH¶6aHH.OAHOBPeMeHH0,nonpeWl())KeHHK)0HoroH3 COPaTHHKOBXH16aHH,IIPOBHHUHRA3ep6aiA)KaH nePeHMeHO-

BaHaBA3aAHcTaH冖<<CTpaHaCB060bl一一一冖一5一·OAHHMH3

TPe60BaHHìi,BblÄBHHYTbIXPYKOBOACTBOMA3aAucraHa,6b1JIa

KPaTH3aI-4HqHpaHCKoìi110JIHTHqeCKOìáCHgreMb1.pegb Bcero Ill.na0(þOPMHPOBaHHHMeCTHbIXBnac•reìinocpencTBOMBb160POB.Ha

CTpaHHuax Ta a 0一一OC0 KPHTHKeIl()ABepra_ncq

ABOP,BqaCTHOCTH,noCYI.ueCTBYPOBJleKœreJ1bHaqnoe3AKa u.laxaKanxapaBCTaM6ynH3an EBpony,BTOBpeMflKaK CTpaHanepe)KHBa.naKpaxCBOHXTOCYAaPCTBeHHb1X                             H3Ha-

HHTeJIbHaAyacTbeeTePPHTOPHH6b1J1aOKKYflHPOBaHa

BOOPyxeHHb1MHCWIOfH冖一6一.

HanpaB.neHHbIÈiAPOHTeJIbCTBOMBocyra0,oyneBKaqeCTBe A3ep6aMA)KaHa11PHH1.13H0 oyne·rlPH6b1BBTe6PM3,

BCKOpe6bI BblHY)KAeHBePHYTbCqBTerepaH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 qacTb06,

1.11eCTBeHHb1XCHJIrnaBHOFOTOPOAaA3ep6aäA)KaHa

aKTHBHOr10Aaep)KHBaJIaIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOXHq6aHH.AeMOKPaTbI

JIO)KHJIHYCHJIHflYJIYHLI.IeHHflCHCTeMb1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    06pa30BaHH¶.

MUIOHMYLUHXrpa)KaaH6bIJIH06ecneqeHb1                         05Pa00, BaHHeM.Ilpe110AaBaHHeBeJIOCb*IZK)KeHa             (K)PKCKOM3bIK B HeKOTOPbIX1.11KOJIaXHMeJIHCbKJ1aCCbI       XH¶6aHHqacTO BblC1ynaJICpeqaMH                     HaPOÄOM,pa CH 061.UeCTBeHHOCTH He06XOAHMOCTbIIPOABH)KeHH¶HPaHCKOF()06u_1ecTBaKneM()KpaTHH,K 丶丶COBPeMeHHOMYMHW)).EroBblCTYTIJ1eHHgny6JIHKOBUIHCbHaCTpaHHI..lax仌Ta a 0 H11011b30BaJIHCb605E0 nonynqpHocTbK)ø

B 0 BpeMXXH16aHHHaMepeBUICflA06HBaTbC¶pecþ()E)MHP0-

BaHH¶oep6aÏA)KaHcKOI'0HBCeroHPaHCKOTO06ueCTBaCKOpeenponaraHA0ä,np01TOBeAAMH,6e3AeMCTBeHHbIXflOJIHTHKO-aAMHHHCTPaTHBHbIXMep.AeMOKPaTb1HeIIPHAOUIH OJIHOTO3HaqeHHAC03AaHHiOC06CTBeHHbIXBOeHHO-flOJIHUeMCKHXCHJI.nePBOHatWIbHOKyneqeCTBO,MenKHeTOPTOBUbI,ËMeCJIeHHHKHHApyrHeflÞACTaBHTeJIH 丶 e 60apa»0406PmnKYPCFIPaBHTeJ1bCTBa.HOKOTAanpaBMTeJIbCTBOXHA6aHHcLle npeAOTBpaTHTbAUIbHeÈÍUIeeY40P0a• HHeIIPOAYKTOBIIHTaHH¶HTOBaPOB1.11HPOKOF0r10Tpe6JIeHHAYCTaHOBHJIOHaHHX ueHbI,TOno06H 110JIHTHKaBb13BUIa cepbe3HoeHeAOBOJIbCTBO,OC06eHHOcpeAHHMYI.UHXCJIœB.XaHbIH 6eKHTIOJIYKOqeBbIX061.11eCTBHpaHcKoroA3ep6aäA)KaHaOKObIBUIH CHJIbHOeC011POTHB.neHHepacnpocTpaHeHmonO$IHTHqeCKOTOBJIHflHHfl IlPaBHTeJ1bCTBaXHf16aHHHaApyrHeropOAaHCeJ1bCKHeOKPYI'HA3ep6aÏA>KaHa.BJIHRTeJIbHbre n YWIOHHJIHCbOTyrIJIaTbIYC'IZHOBneHHblXaeMOKPaTOfHHUIOI'OB,aKoraaI'JIOaIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa3a3T0 110ABeprHXcyp0BoÌiKPHTHKe,TOOHHYCTaHOBHJIHTaiHbIeKOHTaKTbI cBPOKae6Hb1MHneMOKPaTO•fCHJIOfH冖一7一·

AO.nroeBpeMflKaKBHPaHCKOh,TaKHCOBeTCKOä

冖086eHH0Bpa60TaxHCTOPHKOBA3ep6aìimaHcK0äCCP)06pa3 XHB6aHHnpeAHOfepeHH0HCKOKUICA.BqaCTHOCTH,3T0KaCU10Cb eroOTHOI.IIeHHflKA3ep6aÿiA)KaHcKOÈiAeMOKPaTHqeCKOMPeCny6JIHKe (AAP,一9一8,一920IT.)Ha HOMKaBKoeH60J1bU1eBHCTCKOiiPocCHH.HCTOPHKH3aMUIHHBaJIHTO, 0XH¶6aHHCTbI

pecIY6JIHKYA3aAHCTaHOM,)KenaqOTMe)KeBaTbC¶,AHCTaHUHPOBaTbCq OTIlPaBHTeJIbCTBaAÅP,KOTOPOenpoBJI 0CKJIOHHOCTbKCO • HHqeCTBYHeTOJIbKOCBPH'NHHeìi,HOHIIPaBHTeJ1bCTBOMBocyr04·

IIPH110MOUIHBOOPY)KeHHoroBTOP)KeHHfl,OCyueCTBJ1eHH01"0 一一KpacH0ìiapMHeìíBKOHueanpeJ1¶一920 BA3ep6aÏA)KaHeK B.naCTHIIPHU.IJIH60J1bUIeBHKH. 0c06bITHeBb13BUIOyXHf16aHHCHaHana1103HTHBHYkOpeažcumo,TIOTOMYHTOcpeAHJIHAePOBHOBO A3ep6aäA)KaHcK0ìi COBVTCKOM Pecny6JIHKH OKOUIHCb Hcerapble <(IYMMeTHCTb1)>.CHeKOTOPbIMHH3HHXeroCBf13b1Ba.naAaBHqqAPY)K6a,HKOTOPbIXOHCHHTUIHe3aBHCHMbIMHAeqTeJIAMH冖一8一·

OTHOI.ueHHeXHf16aHHKPYKOBOACTBYc()BeTCKOroA3ep6aìiA)KaHa,OAHaKO,CKOPOPaAHKU1bHOH3MeHHJIOCb. 0TIPOH30LIIJ10,KOFAa OH110HflJ1,HTO«nocneÄHeeCJIOBOBbaKYIIPHHaAJIe)KHTPYCCKHMH I-ITOOHMCKOpeenpecneAYOT3KCnaHCHOHHCTCKHeueJIH>>冖一9一·TaK HObIBaeMaq3H3eJIHäCKaqonepauuq,B KOTOPO oep6aäA)KaHCKHMHqaCTflMH6IJIocyu.leCTBJIeHIIOXOABceBepo-3anaÄHbIeOKpyra

=2

HpaHcKOF0A3ep6aìÍA)KaHa,CTa.na XHúHHCTOBHOBbIM110ATBep)KAeHHeM3KCnaHCHOHHCTCKHXYCTPeM.neHHÌiI'lPaBHTeJIbCTBaHOBO POCCHHHaKaBKa.3e.KaKITOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHbIìinaTPHOT,XHA6aHHTaKOTKPbITOBblPa3HJICBOeB03MYI.ueHHeAPOHCXOAHBU.IeMYBrHJIflHe. OH3aflBHJI,'ITOecJIH60J1bI.neBHKH11011bITaiOTCflaHHeKCHPOBaTbKaKYhO-JIH60qaCTbHPaHCKOìiTQPHTOPHH,<<TOHaponHPaHCKOrOA3ep6aÈÍA)KaHa 0nocneAHeroqeJIOBeKa6y CPOKaTbCflIIPOTHBHHTepBeHTOB>)冖20一· flPHHUHflHUlbHbIM IIOJIHTHKOM, XHA6aHH ocy»c,aa..nBCRKOTOPOAaBMeU.meJIbCTBaHHOCTPaHI.IeBBOBHYI'PeHHHe ne.naHpaHa,6y TOaHTJIHìiCKHeKOJIOHHUIHCTbI COBCTCKHe 60JIbI.neBHKH.

BoccTaHHeXH¶6aHHCTOB,nocytueCTBY,HeHMWIOCO}03HHKOBHH BHpaHe,HH3aeronpeaenaMH.TeMHeMeHee,Te6pH3cKoeBOCCTaHue,                        0111103HUHOHHbIeHaHTHaHTJIHiCK.HeBblCTY11JIeHHfl,BMecTeB3¶TbIe,C064 HTPYAHOnpeOAOJIHMbIeI'lPe11flTCTBHHHeTOJIbKO YTBepŽK,aeHHflaHrJIO-HPaHCKOTOCOrnaIIIeHHq一9一9r.,HOHTR)KeJlbleYCJIOBHfl (þYHKUHOHHPOBaHHRIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa                     0· Aoyne.22 一9一9r.Bocyr0 AOYeBMecTec                   Ka6HHeTaBblHY)KAeH6IJIrlOAaTbBOTCTOKY.

HOBbIinpeMbeP-MHHHCTPMOI.ÐHp0•oyne·CJIbIBI.IIHiHal.IHOHUIHCTOM,110CPeACTBOMPOJIHHHbIXYJIOBOKHaMeËBUICflyrOBOPHTb XH16aHHOTKoaTbCflOTIIPOTHBOCTO¶HH¶LleHTPU1bHOMYflPaBHTeJIbCTBY,CCbI.naflCbHaTO,HTOr.naBHOeTPe60BaHHeoeP6aÏA)KaHCKHX aeMOKPaTOBBCBf13HCOTCTaBKOä      YAOBJIeTBOPeHO.OAHaK() XHq6aHHHeroCOPaTHHKH[IPOOJI HCHHTaTb,'ITOpa.3BHTHeAeMOKPaTHqeCKOI'OHal.IHOHaJ1bHOTOABH)KeHHflBA3eP6aÏA)KaHeMONCT OKa..3aTb1103HTHBHOeB03AeäCTBHeHaHPaHCKYEOCHTyaI-IþÐOBIWIOM.

HMKa3UIOCb,'ITOHXAPOTHBOCTOflHHeCTerePaHCKHMIIPaBHTeJIbCTBOMnpHBeAeTK                                    KPH3HCa                                         110JIHTHqeCKOÏCHCTeMbI.BTO BpeM¶XHúHHHeflPO¶BHJIAOCTaTOYHYK) TBePAOCTb,KOTAaOH1103BOJIHJlIlPH6bITbBTe6PH3Mox6epOC-CUITaHe冖MexAH-KYJIHxaH),HOHaqeHHOMYTeraPaHCKHMFIPaBHTeJ1bCTBOMry6epHaTopoMA3ep6aiA)KaHa.OH6bIJTH3BeCTeHCBOHMOTPHUaTeJIbHbIMOTHOUIeHHeMKABH)KeHHiOa3eP6aHA)KaHCKHXneMOKPaT08·TeMBPeMeHeMMox6epOC-CaJITaHC,TIPHCTYIIHBKnepeFOBOpaM CIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa A3aAHCTaHa, OAHOBPeMeHHO YCTaHOBH.nHernaCHbIeKOHTaKTblCKOMaHAHPOMOTPq,aanePCHACKHX KoaKOB,rapHH30HKOTOPbIXHOKOAHJIC¶Ha110AcTynaxKTe6pH3Y.BO BpeMfl BCTPeHH CKOMaHAHPOM OTPflAa, KOTOPbIM 6blJ1 PYCCKHM





Mep.B60P6enpOTHB                BJIacTH'KPY11HbIX eo0BHHMnepHUIH3MaBblÄBHranaCb 863aCOBCeMH

6yp)Kya-3HK).llPH3HoanaCbHe06XOAHMOCTbHOBOro

1.1ßHH.qCKyqeKxaHOMH COPaTHHKaMH.B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               TOBOPHJlOCb0

HeAOffYCTHMOCTHOCKOP6neHHAKOMMYHHCTaMH

Bepyhou.ux.                                                                                                                                                                                                IlËABaPKIWIbHbIXnePerOBOPOB                                                                                                                                                                                                     xaH

CHJICflHaHe3BrHJ1flH                                                                                                                                                                                                              xaHaAMYOTJ1b1•

6Maq一92一r.nocneAJIHTeJIbHbIXneper0BopoBXeÏfAapxaHH gneHbIHOBOrO HPaHCKOäKOMnaPTHH 0 COTPYAHHHeCTBecKyqeKxaHOM冖48一·TeMHeMeHee'PYKOBOACTBO A3ep6aiaxaHcK0iCOBeTCK0iPeC11Y6JIHKHB 一92一r•COBMeCTHOcnpeÄcTaBHTeneM HaKaBKa•3eC'OPA)KOHHKHA3e

JIOROXO3xcaHYJIJIaxaHaBTerePaH.                       OnePaLUdH MOCKBa0Ka.3a.nacbBblHY)K,ueHHOìiTIPHHRTbOITËAeneHHbIeMepblC TeM,LIT06 HeAOIWCTHTbHapyureHHflCBOero          0

HHHBCqqeCKOìiTIOMOLUHH110meP)KKHneBOMYflPOKOMMYHHCTHqeCKOMYABH*œHmOBrWIAHe•TaKHe                       BKOHeqHOMHTOre06ycJIOBHJIHOCna6JIeHHeIlPOTHBOCTOflU4HXUlaXCKOMYnPaBHTeJIbCTBYCHJI BrHJIflHe.OAHOBPeMeHHO060C WIHCPa3HOrJIaCHfl(e)KAY

POMAMYOFJIbIHKyqeKxaHOM,11011blTKaKyqeKxaHa                  BHe3anHoroBOOPyxeHH0r0Hana,ueHH1冖29ce6P 一92一(•)POTPOMHTb PYKOBOACTBOKOMnaPTHHBO CXeäAaPOMAMYOTJIbI,aTaK)Ke Xany-Kyp6aHaueroCTOPOHHHKOBnepepocnaB                                        npaMY'

pe3YJlbTaTOMKOTOPO BKOHeHHOM CTanaTH6eJlb

110JIHTHHeCKHX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,KYHeKxaHa,XeäaapaAMYOFJIblH

aKTHBHbIX yqaCTHHKOB TWIAHCKOTO PeBOJIžOUHOHHOrO ABH)KeHHfl• 3THXC06bITHÏ,KOTOPbIeHMeJIHMecTOBCeHTf16Pe~0 6pe 一92一r.,A)KeHreJIHÏCKOMYABH)Kež•WffOnpHI.ueJIKOHeu.BHaqa.neHO-

6 一92一r.BrHJ1flHeHApyrHXTIPHKaCflHìiCKHXflPOBHHUHflX

BOCCTaHOBneHaBJIOTbmaxcxoroIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa.

pacnaAaMOHaPXHHBOIIPOC0xapaKrepeaHTH11PaBHTeJIb-

CTBeHHbIXBblCTY11J1eHHìiBHPaHCKOM              H                                              B03rnaB.nqeMbIXu.IeÈixOMXHf16aHHHKyqeKxaHOM'BHOBbflPHBJ1eK BHHMaHHeHPaHCKHXH3aPy6e)KHbIXHCCneAOBaTeJIeìi•11011blTKaHeKOTOPbIXOTOPOBPaCCMaTPHBaTbyrIOMflHYTbIeABH)KeHHRKaK

PaTHCTCKHeBb13BanaPBKOeB03Pa.)KeHHeHeTOJIbKOHPaHCKHX'HOH 3apy6ÐKHbIxHCTOPHKOB.

BqaCTHOCTH,H3BeCTHbIìiaMQHKaHCKHäHPaHOBennp*CCOP p.KeAAHBCBOeÌiHeaaBHOBbll.ueat.neäKHHre 丶丶:HHXHfl-

126

6aHH,HHKyqeKxaH,HHB03rnaBJ1qeMb1eHMHABH)KeHHqHe

cenapaTHcTcKoroxapaKTepa.Ha060poT,OHMPaCCMaTPHBaJIH H CBOHXnocneAOBaTeneäKaK3aLUHTHHKOBHaUHOHU1bHb1XHHTepeCOB JIHAOMgeHTPaJIbHOrOrlPaBHTeJ1bCTBa,KOT0poe6noKoppyMIlHPOBaHHbIMHHe3(þ(þeKTHBHbIM.OHO110JIHOCTb10KOHTPOJlHPOBaJIOCbBe.TIHK06PHTaHHeÏ.

BrHJIflHehA3ep6aäA)KaHe6pHTaHCKU1Il()JlHTHKa HanpaB-

.neHaHa3aH 丶HHTePeCOBLleHTPU1bHOFOflPaBHTeJ1bCTBa0T

HbIXABH)KeHHVI>>冖49一·

K3THMCJIOBaMcneAye'I' 06aBHT BHOBaHHb1X

AXaHIAJIHiCKHePOBeÄHHKHBeJIHaKTHBHYK)pa60、noopraHH3al_(HH 丶丶onr103HHOHH一X rpyntlFIPOTHBHaUHOHa.J1bHO-neMOKPaTHqeCKHX ABHxeHHä.TaK,AXMeAKecpaBH冖一89f一946BilOCJ1eACTBHH

HHTbIäHPaHCKHäHCTOPHK,6bIJIBblABOPeHXHq6aHHCTaMHH3Te6pH3a

3aCBOHTaäHbIe KOHTaKTbI C(4)HUHU1bHb1MH

BeJIHK06PHTaHHH.

C.neAyeTOTMeTHTb,LITOHeKOTOPbIeCOBeTCKHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OKa3

JIHCbHeBCOCTOIHHH06beKTHBHOOUeHHTbxaparrep

CKOTOABH)KeHHB,HCKOKUIH06pa3 PYKOBOAHTeneìi,BnepBYK)

oqepeAbKyqeKxaHa.KPaÈiHHMCYfrbeKTHBH3MOM,BqacTHocTH,

qa..nacbXaPaKTePHCTHKaKyqeKxaHa,naHHaqeMYCOBeTCKHM

0MBHpaHeÖ.O.POTLMTeÏHOM.CynqnoBceMY,06nanaq110BepxHOCTHbIMHIlPeACTaB.neHH¶MH06HPaHCK()üCHTyaUhUH0JIUHH()CTH

KyqeKxaHa,POTIMTeäHBCBOeM 0 aer.I-IHqepHHY0T24OKT6p

IIHCUI…仌AOCTaTOHHOY)Ke03HaKOMHJICflcnepcaMHpa.3JIHHHOF0 na,T06BHAeTbBKYHHK-XaHeJIHWbOAHY'H3pa.3HOBHAHoc•reÈÍ

KaTe.neÏ 0X00BHrpa6HTeneMTOCYAaPCTBeHH()Ï                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   KOTOPblMH

KHIIM¶KHWHTBCAIlepcuq.KYHHK-XaHHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      HHnoCBO-

eMYIlPOHCXO)K,aeHfflO,HH110CJlY)Ke6H()MYCTayyKBeJ1bM0)KHblM KpyraM, 11011b3YkOLI丶HMCflMOHOr10JIHeä B                rocYAap-

CTBeHHOVlKOHbI,  ~一ce6qPOJ1bpeBOJIK)1_1H()Hepac

110JIYHHTbOTHacCPeACTBa n06Pa30BaHHflC06CTBeHH()ä

KI.naHTOKYLleHTPUIbHOI'OnpaBHTeJIbcTBa»冖50一·11006Ha9xapaKTe-

PHCTHKaBHAHOTOnorIYJIgpHOF0IlPeABOÄHTeJ'IqA)KeHreJIHÏCKOF()

)KeHH¶qBHaqHenenOCTb.TeM60eeqTOOTOP

CBOHXCJIOBHeCCbIJIaeTC¶HHHa11HCbMeHHb1eAOKYMeHTb1,

nexaI.UHenepyKyqeKxaHa,HHHaCBHnereJ1bCTBa3HaBIMHXero 冖5一一·OllHOBPeMeHHOPOTurreiH6e3BecKHXOCHOBaHHä )KHTeJ1bHOOIÅeHHBa.)Iaeyre51bHOCTbBOeHHOF()MHHHCTPape3a

127

BHAHMO,COBeTCKHänonnpeAHMenCJIa60e                0JIHHHOCTHH110JIHTHHeCKHX                           Pe3axaHaHHe6blJlOCBeAOMJleH0 eroTaVIHbIXCB13AXCaHFJIHqaHaMH.

p napTHÏHO-FOCYAaPCTBeHHbIX                                            06BHHHJlHPOTIMTeÜHaBTOM, 《OH                        I.uaXCKOellPaBHTeJ1bCTBO[IPOTHB 110BCTaHI.IeB>), T.e. yqaCTHHKOB A)KeHreJIHìíCKOTO ABH)KeHHfl冖52一· OAHaKOMHqePHHaKTHBHO3aH neÏCTBHfl                                        TaKOBa 6bIJIaH1103HH JleHHHa.

BflHCbMe(一6(K)J1fl一92一(,)KJleHHHYHHqePHH11Hca-n…<<TOB•OPA)KOHHKHA3eAHCUHIUIHHHPOBaH,ecJIHecTbrlOCTaHOBJ1eHHe1-1K'MHe KOKeTC¶f103TOMYBBblCl.neÏCTeneHH)Ke.naTeJ1bHb'M,HT06bl HT65P0npeATIHcanoTOB.OPA)KOHHKHA3eHBCeMnaPTHäHblMOPraHH3aLIHflMHYHPÐK,aeHH¶MHaKaBKoeCTPOroClleAHTb,HT06bIPYCCKOnePCHACKHìi OTOBOP冖0noroB0pe一92一r•, 一HAHPeKTHBbI1-1KH 0nePCHACKOiTIOJlHTHKeHHBKOeM He HaPymaJIHCbHHKaKHMHCOBVTCKHMHyHPe)K,aeHHAMHHAODKHOCTHbIMHJIHUaMHHnaPTHiHbIMHOPraHH3aUHflMH>>冖53一·

HPOTHBOËLlHfl(e)KAYCTOPOHHHKOfH1101k.aeP>KKH<<110BCTaHHeCKOTOABH)KeHH¶)>()oUHTHPOBaHHiOAOKYMeHTOBTO「0BPeMeHH)B rHJIBHeHflPHBeP)KeHUOfHYCTaHOB.neHHflrOCYAaPCTBeHHblXOTHOI.neHHÏi CI.naXCKHM IlPaBHTeJlbCTBOM6blJIH06YCJIOBneHbl p 0M Offi»eKTHBHbIX aKTOPOBH06CTO¶TeJ1bCTB.OAHOH3BOKHeifflHXCOCTOJIOBTOM, 0Ha HOMKaBKa.3e,OC06eHHOBA3ep6aHA)KaHe, cpeAH6011bUIeBHKOB6bIJIOHeMUIOMHrPaHTOBH3HpaHa(a-3ep6aä(.)KaHCKHX nepcoB,rHJIflKOB),OAeP)KHMbIX PaCI.MHPeHHfl 60J1bI.neBHCTCKOÈiPeBOJIEOUHHHaHpaH. 0YCTPeMJ•reHHeTIOA.aep)KHBUTHTaKHeBHAHbIenaPTHhHbleAeRTeJlH,KaKHaPHMaHOB,OPAHOHH-

KHA3e,KHPOB, dHKOHHApyrHe.

2·3COBeTCK0-HPaHCKHÜ oroBOP1921r.

HecMOTpqHaTIPOAOJI)KeHHeYCWIHMno<<COBeTH3aI.lHH>>rHJ19Ha, PYKOBOACTBOPCÖCPOAHOBPeMeHH0,HaHHHaflcMag一920 BHHTepecaxCTaHOBJIeHHAHynpoqeHHAHOBO 60JIbweBHCTCKOüPOCCHHCKOH FOCYAaPCTBeHHOCTH,HeIlPeMHHYJIOnPOBOAHTbJIHHHFOHaYCTaHOB.neHueO(þHUHUIbHb1XOTHOUreHHiCLUôXCKHMTIPaBHTeJIbCTBOM.HaqHHaq cHOf16pq一920r.BMOCKBePYKOBOACTBO H 11PHCTYflHJ10KneperOBOpaMC110JIHOMOHHbIMnoc•JIOMHpaHa OJIb-MaManeKOM 冖AJIH-KOJIHxaHOM)Cue.rlbroCOCTaB.neHHflTeKCTaCOBeTCKO-HPaHCKOrO BCe06beMJIK)U.lerOAoroBopa. neper0BopbI一0AeKa6PABOCHOBHOM

128

6bIJIH30ePU.IeHbI.HOHey0C6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      no

HeKOTOPblM(a)KHbIMB011POC04•KKOHLV                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        BCe

6bIJIHnpeOAOneHbI.

29AeKa6pq一920BblCTYnaqHaVIlBCQOCCHMCKOM

OBVTOB,CpeACeAaTeJ1bnCOBHaPKOMa冖CHK)B'H•JleHHH'n06e0

C0061.UHTbAeneraTaMHTO-JIH60OTHOCHTeJlbHO He

60J1bweBHCTCKOäoaŒ•mOPbI,COBeTH3al-()H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              TOP-

)KeCTBeHHO3aflBHJ1…(<MbI(O)KeMTIPHBeTCTBOBaTb•raK--)Ke

I'10A11HcaHHeAOFOBOPaCAPY)KeCTBeHHble

CKOTOPO 06eCneqeHbIBCHJIY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  KOËHHblXMHTePeCOBY

BCexHapOAOB,CTPaAamUHX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         HMnePHaJlH3MD•

26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      一92一r.BMOCKBeCOCTO 0C60(þHUHaJ1bHOe

caHHeCOBeTCKO-HPaHCKOTOAOTOBOPa•B rlPeaM6ynerOBOPHJlOCb… eaBHACTbnepCHACKHüHap()AHe3aBHCHMblM'llP()l-lBeTaK)LUHMH

CB060HOpacnOPfl)KaK)u.lHMCRBCeMCBOHMAOCT09HHeM'

COBeTCKOeIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBO069BBCeTPaKTaTblH

3aKJIOdeHHbIe 6bIBUIHM I-IaPCKHM IlPaBHTeJIbCTBOM c        H IIPHBOAHBUIHeKYMaJIeHHfOnpaBnePCHACKOTO             OTMeHeHHblMHH110'rePRBUIHMHBCqqeCKYK) 冖54一·

110AOTOBopy一92一r.COBeTCKOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOaHHYJlHPOBUIOH

OTBePTJIOKaKPYCCKO-HPaHCKHe, HBCe

qeHHbleUaPCKHMIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBOMCTPVTbHMH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   B

HHTepecaMHpaHa.OHO3a9BHJIO0CBOeMOTKa•3eOT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               BKaKHX-

JIH60MePOflPhATHAXHCOrnal.ueHH¶X,丶丶                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          K

HHaPY1.neHHfOCYBePeHHTeraHpaHa冖CTaTbA2一·

COBVI'CKOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO06POB0n5H0OTKO OC B110Jlb3Y HpaHaOTOCTPOBOBHPaC110JIO)KeHHblXHaKacIIHÏCKOMMopeB6JIH3HHPaHCKOTO1106e ·

flpHHI.lH11bIHeBMeI.uaTeJ1bCTBaBOBHYIPeHHHe                            COCeAaH B3aHMOYBDKeHHACYBePeHHTe•raCOCTOHJIHOCHOBHOeCOAeP)KaHHe CTaTbH4AOFOBopa.

COBe•rcKoenpaBH'1W1bCTBOOTKa3a•"lOCb OTBCgqeCKHXnpaBHa3a• Mbl,rlËAOCTaBneHHbleHpaHY                                         M                                              冖 T 8一· 06aCYMMa3THX3aiMOB,He IlPOUeHTOBnoHHM'K一9一7r• COCTaBJ1flJ1a65·5MJIH. 6·30J10TOM•llPaBHTeJ1bCTB0PCOCP6e383, Me3AHOnepena.noHpaHYnpaBOHaBJIa,aeHHe           AOPOraMH 3H3eJIH—TerepaHHKa.3BHH--XaMaaaH,COBCeMHOTHOC¶LUHMHCqKHMM 3eMJIÃMH,110CTPOäKaMHHHHBeHTaPeM;TaK)Ke6bIJIHnePenaHbI

e3HOOPO H-eJIHHHHA)KYJIb(þa—Te6PH3 H COd)b¶H-YPMHiCKOe

103aK.65                                                                                                                                                                                               129




COBeTCKOMC060eBOMHOTHX

HbleHeH01.1eHKOfHOTJIHHMHCbHCKOKeHHfl.COBeTCKHX06beKTHBHOCTbžO•Bce3T0MOHOH BHHX 20Ⅰ30H,xrO0B·KOTOPbIeABBHCTCKHeAeyreJIHH'3 A3HHHMOCKBbInbITanHCbHanPaBHTb HpaHeaHTH11PaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIeOAHHM20,XTOAOBH3TaKOBblX,B                 nOKanbHbIe、WIeHHH•MqTe)KHB

HXJIHeMYnonpa3AeneHHäBOLueroMBepAHere«nacTyx0M>))KHTeJIHIlPHHan-ne)KaJIHxaH.n04HaIlËABOÄHTeJlbCTBOMBCeBePO-BOCTOKeCOBeTCKHX0冖KPYflHOFO55Hbl一3eaMJlH·Ha6bIJIHHKYPACKOFOOTAaBaTbXopacaHa'XOAOY66mcKOTmeMeHHXOBpa60TaxOKpyreOYBeroHHOrAanqTHHMqOAHoroK丨Ha3blBa-npo*H-一920XyAa-H3r•

3eMeJ1bnnaTbIIIOJIOBHHYOHCTUI,CYA¶C06PaHHOrO B C06CTBeHHHKOMBOiHblnpH BOOPnp0H301.nno110MOLUH一0HH00BOOPyxeHHOMB一aHTHflPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOe9一7r•OCHOBHOMAPY)KHHbl6N0H3BOCCTaHHeXocBOHxoyXOHCOmeMeHHHKOB'WIeHOBoyH000ero6paTaAPy-

H040C)KHHbIJIHHHOCTbCJIY)KH.na丶FIHOFOPHCTOÏOTBOKHOFOCTaPHHHaqMeCTHOCTHKPenOCTbCeBePO-BOCTOHHOrOXOOY XOPaCaHa•BHHMaHHeB

60JIbI.neBHKaC                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     、paTOr•nbI                                                                                                                                                   B03rnaB-

JlflBU.IerO 一920r•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   B

B3a11HcKeCOBHHTeP11POna,

HHflKYPACKOTO                                                                                                                                                                                   Ha

BocTeneHHoe3HaHeHHe

B

<<KypAbl,BHTeJIbCTBa,,TOBOPHJlOCbecTbHaH60J1eeB noX04,uKaK一一一 naCblHKH

COBem€HX HOHH KaK 一十BO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         KaK

HPOOJICOBePLUH.nH0-一HHAH}OCJIPKHTbB003BCTO BTOMY一70BTOP}KeHHH一709ripH·0C• 一」Hwaxe:HblHe一一 冖MO

COTPYAHHKH0pa3Meu.IaJIacb06peHHeHpa-3Pa60TaJIHHe60J1bLI-laqnonaeP>KKY6a-3aWIBbll-ueCTOBU-lerOXOAOY6PHTaHCKHXPYKOBOACTBa'0、XB、TaCOropoc KanaKOB、0MKYqaHa'OpY*HqH000rAeH

JIH3anacaMHnepenPaBJ1eHb1IlPOAOBOJ1bCTBHfl.OPPKHeHH360enpHnaCb1000eTOK000冖56一·                            eMY 6bI一32

B.IlPHKOMaHAHPOBaHHbIäBJIOTH,MeTHbIXMepblU-IHPHTbHBaHOBCornaCHOnoY3HOycneXOBKOHTPOJlHPyeMYIOHeCYMeJIH0HpaHCKHM0TOP0nep3KHXB60Pb60OKa-3aTbKHeMYHM00TePPHTOPHiO'H3 aHrnHqaH•KOTOpbIMcPOqHO0OAHaKO000HH00nYXOcTBHOy·AOCTHrHPaHCKHeXO、OypaC-3a-HH TenbCTBeHHbIM H

CKHMXO30BaHaBneqaTneHH1.CamaHe.)OnonqeHI.IeBBeTCKHXcaHa.OYOHHaegTeJIflM,yry6ePHaTOPOMBJ1aCTeÏ)66bIJIHOCHaB1'YCTaBePHYBUlHCbHapflAOBPOFPOMneHbl•BO一920xaHÃaPMePHHHar•BTYPKMeHHlO'OHH冖COBMeCTHaq60K06nacTHHOHOHTYPKeCTaH•HeX040YnPOH3Ben冖6e0caHKuHHWIeMeHHbIXKaBaMBMOCKopraHH-HaCOBeT-HHXco-00、0,

qeCKOÈiHpaHCKYIOOKOUIaCbTePPHTOPHIO'H 、000K000 0P00T0、aHHKOHeH•TparH-Ha

TOM                                           aTaK)KeCOPaTHHKOB•                               B CTHHX一caMbIM00POH0IWIOAaBJ1eHH¶3HaHHTeJ1bHbIMp HOBblXMATexa6 XOOYXOPaCaHCKaqCM一 HMTe0·冖CpeAH

Hue110JIKOBHHKa MepHeä06naCTH.

POTa.np0Hcu.IeAI.ueroAaHHOen60110BOBblCTyrmeHHeB      B B                                             cTeneHHOTrOnOCKOMnePeBOMeKoaMyoc-CaJITaHOäMOXaMMeA0MTarHIl()CJlY)KHJlHxaHOMB03HHKHOBeHH¶H                    OCTPO6ePHaTOPOM0 XOp-0、H、

00Iloyne,oc-CWITaHeHbIMH3BeCTHOTO、00M0B一3aHHMaBlJ.IeTO9一00009r•flOJIHTHqeCKOTOIlPOHTeneM0CKOJlOTHTbc一BaHHXOPaCaHa3HaqHTeJ1bHOe、一9一8KoaMr•nOCT~000HCOCTOAHHeOC-CUITaHernaBbl、T000xaHa00H:BOHTH、0」H6paTOMKB、00M0,

JIOMepueäOHMepH1.1103HI.IHHcaMbIX00nHeBHeyCTaHHYOBMOXopacaHe6e0XOPaCaHe.e00T00HH0yqacTHfl60P0xoceH04000」 一9200000P006blna·KOMaHAY10UIHM,、00T0qH00000yKPynHeHacBOHMH0HpaHacBq3qMH冖0一C·

133


HaUHOHUIHCTHqeCKHMHKPyraMH,BgaCTHOCTHCPYKOBOAHTeJ1flMH qaCTbHaCe.neHH¶06naCTHCOCTOJI¶JIHKOqeBHHKHH AeMOKPaTHqeCKOÌánapTHH,IIOJIKOBHHKMoxaMMeATarHxaH冖58一.            110JIYKOqeBHHKH.CTOHKH3peHH¶3THHqeCK()ìirlPHHaa.ne)KHOCTHH

Ha3HaqeHHbIÈÍnocne                                    nepeBopom一92一r.rnaBOìi f13bIKaxopacaHI-lbIPa.3AeJI¶JIHCbHanepcoB,ITOPOK冖BTOMMHCJ1ea.3epIlPOHTeJIbCTBa,CeHA3H Ta6am6aHBKOHueToroxeMecfll.laHa6aäA)KaHCKHX),KYPAOB, 、PKMeH,6eJIYA)Kei,apa60B,xe3apeäueBH

npaBHJIBMellIxeAceKpeTHYi0TenerpaMMYHaHMHMoxaMMeATarn

T. ·9TH06UIHOCTHHe6bIJIHHHTeFPHP()BaHbIH(e)KAYHHMHcyxaHa.BHeií                                         )KaHnapMePHeìiHIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBeHHbIM                                              I.ueCTBOBaJIHPOHOT.naCHfl,OC06eHHO(e)KAYOCeWIbIMH06111HOCT¶MH CH.naMBMeHRJlOCbB063aHHOCTbHeMeAJ1eHHOB3T CTPOKY ,   H110JIYKOHeBHHKaMH.bOJIbI.na.flqaCTb06Pa6aTblBaeMblX3eMeJ1bHpa6epHaTopa06naCTHAXMeAxaHaKoaMoc-Can•raHeHOTIlPOHTbero 60qeroCKOTaBXopacaHenpHHaAJIexa.naKPYflHb1M3eMneBnaneJ1bnoKOHBOeMBCTOJIHW.OAHOBPeMeHHOnoYKa.3YCeHA3HHnpa-      uaM冖xaHaM,capAapaMHap6a6aM).

BHT©.neMXopacaHa65mHOHaqeHMOXaMMeA xaH.BcaM()MHallpeABOAHTeJIHKOqeBbIXHIl()JIYKOqeBbIX11J1eMeHconepycam..l eanpeng一92一r.,BnocneAHHü, HHu                                npa3AHHKa                                      BOOPyxeHHbIeAPY)KHHbIBCaAHHKOBH3MHCJIaCBOHXCOWIeMeHHHK()B.

Hopy3,KaBOfoc-Ca-rrraHenonpHKa.3YMoxaMMeATaruxaH6UI

OC06eHHO60blnoeqHCJIOononqeHueBHMeJIHCapaapBo ~pa

3 ·BCK0peOH0KOancqBITOPbMe3urpam6aaBCTOJIHUe冖59一·        N40a33e3HnpaBHTeJIbKaHHaTaHCHCTaHaAMHPH6paxHMIlloywr IIpe6bIBaHHe6bIBUIeI'Ory6epHa•ropaB(K)PeMHb1Xf10K0qx                        OJIb-MOJ1bKH Apyrnx冖62一·

J10CbHeAOJT0.25Mag 2一r.CeHA3 no uraxa冖丶丶BHi-nepe-           Bqpe3BbIqaÈiHbIXcnyqaqxrlPaBHTeJIbCTBO0THMeHHLl.laxaIIPHcaxCTPaHbI>>)6UICMeIueHC110CTanpeMbep-MHHHcrpa.ApecTOBaH-            3bIB 0MeCTHbIXllPaBHTeJIeìiHnpeAB()AHTeneìinneMeHM06HJIH30HagnoYKa3aHHIO6bIBII.IeronpeMbepa60JIbUIa rpynnaCaHOBHHKOBH

BblBaTb«pe3epBHCTOB>> BblrIOJIHeHHflOllPeneJIeHH()äBœHH0-11()ApyrnxnpeAcTaBHTe.neìinpoqu.leìiaPHCTOKPaTHH6bl.na0CB060~                                            JIHTHqeCKOi3aaatIH.qaCTOxaHbIHBOHIIJIeMeH,HMeB1_1JHe

AeHa.CpeAHHHX5IJIHKoaMoc-CaJITaHe.qepe3gerblpe H no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C060 n0P06OCTPbIenp0THBopeqH¶,BflOA06HbIX            、na-

YKa.3aHHK)AXMeALl.]axa 6bIJ1npeAJ10)KeHITOCTrnaBb1

JIHHaCTOPOHeTIPaBHTeJIbCTBaeAHHbIM4)POHTOM. 0TIPOH3()lMJIOBO CTBeHH0r0Ka6HHe•ra冖60一·

BpeMfl110AaBneHHflaHTHIIPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOFOBblCTYflJIeHH¶XOOY·

B03HHK.nacH1yauHfl,rlPHKOTOPO KOH(þJIHKT(e)KAY6b1BUIHMH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           TaK6bIJIOHB                                                                                                                                                 CM¶Te)KOM)KaHAaPMCKHX B()3rnaBJ1¶-

KOJI.neraMHOKO C IIOHTHHeH36e)KHbIM.MOXaMMeATarHxar-16b1J1

eMbIXflOIIKOBHHKOMMOXaMMeATOH.XaHbI,rnaBbIMO(UI()B冖BOJIOC-

06beKTHBHbIMCTOPOHHHKOMCeHA3HH.KTOMY)KeOH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Teh)HI'lPeABOAHTeJIHflOJIYKOqeBbIXnneMeHII()JIY'HHJIH•rener•paMMb1,

ABHOM                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BOTHOI.neHHHKoaMa.HarlOMHHM,LITO

BKOTOPbIXKaBaMOC-CaJITaHe,HOBOKOMaHAYK)ueI"O)KaHnaPMePHapeCTeKaBOfOC-CaJlTaHenonpHKa.3YMOXOfMeATarHxaHa6b1JIH

MATeXHHKOM,npH3Ba.nOPraHH3()BaTbflPOTHBHeroBOeHHb1äno-

KOH(þHCKOBaHbIeroHUIHHHbIeAeHbI'HHAPaFOUeHHOCTH.XO· 3TOMnpeMbepOTHMeHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    06e HMBCeMB03Har-

MoxaMMeATarHxaHnpennpHHAJ1p Mep,KOTOPb1eUlaXCKHM (a)K,aeHHeHHOBbIeTHIYJIbI冖63一·)KaHAaPMCKheqaCTH6bIJ1hHeBCOABOPOM6bIJIHBOCnPHHSTb1BecbMaHeraTHBHO.OH06 BHBXopa- CTO¶HHHOKOaTbCOTIPOTHBJIeHHeupperynqpHbIMBOMCKaM.H

caHeocaAHoe110JIO)KeHHe.ApecTOBaJ1p KpYIIHb1xHHHOBHHKOBH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        TH6eJIH冖4046p 一92一(.)nOJIKOBHHKaMOXaMMenTarnxaHa冖64一H

CJIPKaUlHXKpynHei1.ueroBHpaHeBaKY()a 06HH 一HMaMaPe3b1B     rpynrlblBePHbIXeMY)KaHAaPMOB60JIbLUHHCTBOyqaCTHHKOBaHTHMell.IxeAe,TOBb13BaJIOyAXMeA pe3KOeHeAOBOJIbCTBO.OH

IIPaBHTeJ1bCTBeHHOI'OBblCTY11.neHHflCJIO)KHJIHOPY)KHe.AXMenmax OTKPblTO3aABHJI0CBOeMnOJIHTHgeCKOMHeAOBePHHKKoaM0

H3 YKO0110MHJIOBaHHHBCexyqaCTHHKOBaHTH11PaBHTeJ1bCTBeH-

Ca.JITaHeKaKKr•naBenpaBHTeJ1bCTBa.Horo、nneHH9,PYKOBOAHMOFOTIOJIKOBHHKOMTar•HxaH()M·BXO.

BOTBCTnpeMbep-MHHHcrp06 B一UIMOXOfMenTarnxaHa                            pacaHe nOCTeneHHO 6bIJ1a BOCCTaH()BJIeHa B.naCTb UeHTPU1bH0ro (e)KHHKOM冖6一一·B3T0 CHIYaUHH06PeqeHHOCTbBOCCTaHHAf10JIKOB- TIPaBHTeJIbCTBa.

HHKa)KaHAaPMQHH OqeBHAHOi,OC06eHHOecJIHyqeCTb061.uec•rBeHHO-rIOJIHTHqeCKYO                                              XopacaHa.BCOC'IÐB06naCTHBXOAHJIHI.ueCTbHaCJIeACTBeHHbIXXaHCTBHBOCeMb0KpYT()B(MaXaJ10B).

一34

135


2·5·nepeMeHbIBarHC0 110JIHTHKe•

nepeBOPOT1921r•HH3J10'KCHneAHHaCTHHKaA)KaPOB

110A1'1HcaHHeaHFJ10-HPaHCKHXAOKYMeHTOB一9一9|一920rr•冖corna1.11eHHe一9一9r.…COFJ1aU.IeHHe                          HHPaHCKHMrlPaBHTeJIbCTBOMOT22                      一920r•…TaMO)KeHHaqKOHBeHUHfl)BHe1MHecBH-

AereJIbCTBOBaJIH03HaHHTeJ1bHblX

HecMOTPflHa3T0·K

CTBOBWIHce6qBHpaHeBecbMa                             CTPeMJleHHeyCTaHOBHTb CBOÏKOHTPOJIb HPaHCKOìí3KOHOMHKOìiH

HHeBOeHHOTOTIPHCYTCTBH¶H          MepblBenHK06PHTaHHHBcTpepacTY、 HeAOBOJIbCTBOLUHPOKOM061•ueCTBeHHOCTH•

HaH60neeflPKHMBblPDKeHHeM3TOTOHeAOBOJlbCTBa6blJlOHaLIHOHUIbHO-OCB060AHTeJIbHOe                            H                                              rHJMH,HpaHCKHiA3ep6aÏ11.)KaH,gaCTHqH0XopacaHH          paÏOHb1

CTpaHbI.EroygaCTHHKHTPe60BaJIH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          H3HpaHa

BOMCKHAeMOKPaTH3aUHH061ueCTBeHHO-flOJIHTHgeCKOìi

KpaTHqecKagHH•reJIJIHreHUHfl B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               K

60Pb6eIIPOTHBaHFJIHMCKHXBJIaCTeìiHHXHPaHCKHX

AHI'JIHÏCKHeB.naCTH,OAHaKO,HeC06HPUlHCbflOKHAaTb

CKYOcueHY.BH3MeHHBI.IIHXCflYCJlOBHflXOHMOTPa6aTblBUlH

HbleBaPHaHTbI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HarlPoneHHOrOHaCOXPaHeHHeH

CBOHX1103MH BHpaHe.BTenerPaMMaXH                                        KOTOPblMH 06MeHHBaJIHCbBTeqeHHe1920r•HBOeHHble,06CY)KAUIHCbOCHOBHble3eMe 一                                 nOJIHTHKHB HpaHeBcnyqaeAeHOHCaUHHcornaweHHfl一9一9r•H33THXAOKYMeHTOBcneAyeT,40n04e aHTHHMnePHUIHCTHqeCKOFOABH)KeHHflB HpaHe,1106eAaCOWTCKOÏBJ1aCTHHa                 H                                               pOCT aHTHBœHHblXBblCTY11JIeHHÏB                      aTaK)Ke3KOHOMHqeCKHeTPYAHOCTHBblHY)K,AUlHTIPaBHTeJlbCTBOKOHCePBaTOPOBHe

HaCTaHBaTbHaYTBeP)K,aeHHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              一9一9r•

CKHeIIOJIHTHKHHe)KenaJIH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OTK3•3blBaTbCqOT

1.11eHH1.OHHPen.IHJIHBHAOH3MeHHTb                                        CAenaBCBOeBJIHflHHe HaTerepaHMeHeeOTKPOBeHHbIM,HOCOXPaHWTb                                             B03MO>KHOCTH,3KOHOMHqeCKHe1103HUHHH             BHpaHe•

llpeWIO)KeHHA0KOHTYPaXHOBO                  IIOJIHTHKHHee BePOATHbIXBaPHayra-X,B30HCHMOCTHOT        6bIJIH

xeHbIB110C.naHHAX,HarlPaBneHHbIXBJIOHAOHBePXOBHblMKOMHCCaPOMBeJIHK06PHTaHHHBMeCOflOTaMHHC3POM                                          KOKCOMH

aHrJIHÏiCKHMITOCnaHHHKOMBTerePaHerePMaHOMHOPMaHOM•

136

HAeH,coAep)KaBI.IIHecqBYKaaaHHbIXTIOCnaHH¶X'            BCeroB TenerPaMMeKOKCaOT29AHBapq一920r.,              BOCHOBYHOBOFO

110JIHTHqeCKOFOKypcaBeJIHK06PHTaHHHBHpaHe.

BHaga-neTenerPaMMbIKOKCaFOBOPHJIOCb,HTOno naBJIeHHeM 061.UeCTBeHHOTOMHeHHAMeTP0110JIHHTIPaBHTeJIbCTBOBe-NHK06PHTa• HHH,110-BHAHMOMY,       BblHY)K,D,eHOllPHH¶Tb                                063BaKyaLIHHCBOHXBœHHbIX                         H3HPaHa.                                        KOKC

丶丶OAHaKO,110CKOJIbKYel.ueHeBblPa60TaHa.,·1103HTHBHa.¶[IOJIHTHKa,cnoc06HOYMeHbUIHTbOTPHUaTeJIbHbIeFIOCJIeACTBHflno06H0, ro 3BaKyaUH1HallIHXBOMCKH3HpaHaIlPHBene•rKpacCTpOiCTBYHpopY111HTHal.IIHKOMMePHeCKHe1103HUHHH3KOHOMHqeCKOe BJIHAHHe, JI YCTaHOB.neHHAH KOTOPbIXTIPHJIO)KWIHCBOH YCHJIHRBTeqeHHe 110KO•neHH¶.

OT3BYK3T0r0cpa3Y)Ke0 err0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   HHpaKaApa6cKOF0.

cyqeTOMHbIHeI.UHeTO8Ce06 eroOTPHUaTeJIbHOrOOTHOI.neHHflB HpaHeKCOrnaI.neHHK)一9一9r.冖flBJIfl¶CbPOYMHbIMHCFIPoeWIHBbIM, 0H0·TeMHeMeHee, 0BPYKH60JIbUIeBHKOB3*KTHBHOeHFP03Hoeopyxue,06JIeTHHBu.IeeHX         flPOTHBHac)' :·AYMaK)' HTOOTCOrnaI.IIeHHACTOHTOTKoaTbC¶,BKPaÏHeM                                             B HblHeu.IHeä                                      HqTOHe                                          60JIbU.IeCMHTaTb KaK3T0rOBOPHTCflBTeKCTeCOT.naUIeHHfl,OCHOBO 6PHTaHCKOäIIOJIHTHKHB 6YAyu.IeM.

·CJ1eAyeT110AYMaTb0TaKOMCOrnaI.ueHHH,KOTOPOe66m0

IIPHeMneMbIM HPaHCKOTOHaUHOHU1bHOTOC06PaHHfl冖Men,)KJIHCa)• KO BPeMeHH 3aKJIK)qeHH¶ HOBOFOCOrnaweHHfl B HpaHe MO)KVI' CJIO)KHTbC¶TaKaqCHTyaUHfl,qTOB03HHKHeTHe06XOAHMOCTb

CHTbCAHa3aMeHYHbIHeIMHeFO 冖APyrHM npeAcTaBHTeneMAHHaCTHHHJIH Ha3aMeHY'AHHaCTHHUPJIHKOM.

ECJIHTaKaqHe06XOAHMOCTb110flBHTC¶,TO, AYMaIO,HaM

110AHHHHTbC¶BeneHHhOBPeMeHHHCOT.naCHTbCflHarlOA06HbIenepeMeHbI.CoxpaHeHHe6JIH3KHXHAPY)KeCTBeHHbIXOTHOI.neHHÏCBO • MH6aXTHaPCKHXIlJIeMeH,Hac)KH3HeHHOBOKHbIViBOIIPOC.He cneAyeT3a6bIBaTb HCTHHY,LITOBHaCT()¶U.Iee.BpeMR

He3A,KepMaHynpaBJIA10Tcqry6ePHaTOP¥d BblXOAUaMHH33T0r0 n.neMeHH)>冖65一·

HeKOTopbIeBOKHbIerlYHKTbITenerPaMMbI11.KOKCaBIlPHHUHne coBnaaam•CCOAeP)KaHHeMTenerPaMMbI,HanPoneHHOi aH-

MHCCHHBTerepaHeKep30HY289HBapq一92一r.HOPMaH

TaK)KepacCMaTPHBanB03M0 Hb-eneiCTBHRAHFJIHHBCJIyqae1106eAbI

93aK.65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            一37

TIPOAeMOKPaTHHeCKHXCHJIBceBePHbIxflPOBHHUHflXHpaHaHBCTOJIHue.EroFIJIaH                                  <<BCJIYHaenaAeHHflnePCHACKOTOnpaBHTeJIbCTBanepeAJIHIIOM60JIbmeBHKOB>>PaCHJIeHHTbCTpaHYIIYTeM 06pa30BaHHflHa OTAeJIbHOFOrocynapcTBano 3FH0 AHT'JIHH. rJIOH¶OPOJIbBOCYI.ueCTBJIeHHH3T0r0nnaHaOHOTBOHeraKHM H3BeCTHbIMCBOHMHnaBHHMHCBA3AMHCaHrJIHMCKHMHBJIaCTflMHnoJIHTHqeCKHMHAeneJIflMH,KaKKW11HbIìí eo H3(Dapca

OJI,MOJIK1.11Hpa-3H,I.ueìíxXa3UIb,HeKOTOPbIe<(CTaPLLIHe»6axTHapCKHexaHblHIlPeABOAHTeJ1bKallIKaÏCKHXnneMeHCOYJ1eT0, · 9THCHJIbI,IIHCUIHOPMaH,<<IIPH 110AAeP)KKeB COCTOflHHHCOXPaHHTb H Hac».OnHPa.flCbHa011b1T nepHOÄanepBOÈiMHPOBOÈiBOÏHbl,KOTAaMHOI'He6aXTHaPCKHexaHb1 flPHaePKHBUIHCbaHTH6PHTaHCKOMOPHeHTaLIHH冖HopMaHYTBep·LITOBTOBpeMAH36aXTHaPCKHXxaHOB《TOJIKOABOeOCTUIHCb noHOCTbEOIlPeaaHHbIMHHaM>>),OHnpeAf10JIaraJIBb111JIaqHBaTb 0, XOAbIOTH4THHeHPaHCKOMYIlPaBHTeJIbCTBY,a6aXTHaPCKHMxaHOI.110eroMHeHHIO,3T03HaHHTeJ1bHOYKpe11HJ106 Y3b1,CBf13bl-

AHTJIHK)c6aXTHaPCKHMHBep,XaMH冖66一·

AHFJIHÏCKHeBJIOTHCTËMHJIHCbYCTaHOBHTb KO 0

BOOPyxeHHbIMHCHJIaMHHpaHa,HTO,KCTaTH,npeAycMa•rpHBaJ1()cbycJIOBHAMHaHTJIO-HPaHCKOrOCOrnaI.IIeHHfl一9一9r.El_ue 一9一9r.

BTerepaHIlPH6bIJIa6pwraHcKaqBOeHHaqMHCCH¶,KOT0pag6bIJ1a IlPH3BaHaCOBMeCTHOCHPaHCKHMHBJIaCTflMHpopa60'18TbnpoeKT PeOPraHH3aUHHBOOPY)KeHHbIXCHJIHpaHa.rJIaBaMHCCHHreHepaJ1 Y.AHKCOH06HBcYCTPaHeHHHH3HPaHCKOÈí

PYCCKHX(4)HUePOB,OTPHUaTeJIbHOOTHOCHBUIHXC¶KarTJ10-HPaHCK0MY 一9一9r.OCeHbK)一920 KOI'AareHepa.n3·AMPOH-

66mHanpaBJIeHBHpaHBKaqeCTBeK()MaHAymge1'()ceBepoHPaHCKOÈirpynnoìi6PHTaHCKHXOKKynaUHOHHb1XBOÏCK冖•raK

eMbIe<<Hopnep OPC一·aHrJIHžCKHeBJIaCTH3aMe•TH0aKTHBH3HPOBaJIHCBOK)AegTeJ1bHOCTbIIPOTHBPYCCKHX$1.1ePOB冖67一·AHrJIHÈiCKHii 110CJIaHHHK ClleUHUlbHOeYKa3aHHeJ-.UaXHHUIaXCKOMY6aHKYHe

Bbl,aoaTbnePCHACKOMYÎlPaBHTeJIbCTBYHHKaKHXAeHe)KHbIXcpeAcTB, 110KaOTKOMaHAOBaHH1ÄHBh3HeiHe6yneTOTCTPaHeHUaPCKHìireHepanCTaPOCeJIbCKHÏ,KOTOPOTOOH06BHHHJTBaHTH6PHTaHCKHX e, CTBH¶X.KoaqbflAHBH3h¶COIIepycanaCbB3TOTnepH0113acqerKpeAHTOB·npeAOCTaBnqeMbIXqepe3ll.laXHH1na.XCKHìi6aHKHPaHCK0MY11PaBHTeJ1bCTBY.BOBpeMflayAHeHLIHiyAXMeAl.uaxaHBcrpeqnc rnaB0ìíKa6HHeraMoump0oyneHOPMaHHreHepa.n3·Aäp0HcaäA 一38 no06COP0nHeMeAneHH01"()Y'B()JlbHeHH.q0H0P00H3

CKHXBOOPyxeHHb1Xcm冖68一·

BKOHL(e046p 一920r.KOMaHAHP CTaPOCeJIbCKHiiHApyrnepyccKHe6bIJlHapeCTOBaHbI.HM 66m0npeAb¶B.neH006BHHeHHeBBOeHHbIX neiCTBHäIIPOTHBA)KeHreJlHäqeB.HMeHH03T0C06bITHeOKOHqa,renb_ 6bI.nHOnpenonpeAeJIHJ10aKTHBHbIM0一0、OHHHnaAeHHe0M=Ka6HHe••ra00000000==:0Y000,=x0=u0000KOTOpbl丶、

YKpenneHHflBOOPY)KeHHbiXCHJI

Cenax,uapyA3aMY冖OaTxoma-xaHAK6ap)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0T270

T06 一9200·5-IJIOnopyqeH0000m HT-H00- Ka6HHer.OH0 0, JIHKOBUI290 06P006paeHHeKHapony,B000T0、KOTOporo,

noBCeHBHAHMOCTH,HenocpencTBeHH0e

CKagMHCCHI.FlpeMbep06 c HeyAaqyBOi;cK 、60P-600PeBOJIIOUHOHHbIMAB=eHeM、0 、06~一0,

HHflMHHeKOTOPblXPYCCKHK0(þnuep0B. HOC.neycTpaHeHHfl 0(þguep0B6PHT.aHCKHe

HaCTaHBaTbHaTOM,HT06b1 40 一9一9「· BMeAWlHCenpHcTYIIHTbKC03naHHi0BHpaHe BOOPY)KeHHb1X CHJInoKOMaHAOBaHHeM 0 B ell)KJIHCMIVC03b1Ba6 r10AnøcaH 7 一9一7r.OAHa_ KOK3TOMYBËMeHHCPOKBb一60POBB He · CenaxaapHeKOTOPOeBpeMH HO YHH(þHKaUHHBOOPY)KeHHbIXCHJI.HOPMaH000 C000X00Y 3H」CeHAa(BKJIžOHHTb)HnpeceraBHTeJ1BoeHHblXaA-AHHa(BCOCTOKa6HHe'1'an00e0TH000)  p一、000cap0P0MO_ a.33aMa冖TeiMyp-rawa),MT(),noe0 HO6blJIO06ner_ HHTbnpeMbepy0HH H00rlPHH¶THe 0K00 冖69一· BCJIO)KHBI.neüC¶KKOH、一9200·BCT.paHe06CTaHOBKe,KO aMac_ u.ITa6bIaHTnaHFJIHäCKHX 00060n00000000T H·00Y, I.ueCTBHTb110A06HbIenepeMeHb1 HeB

na.flOJIHTHqeCKHeBTerepaHer10JIHTHqeCKaq0」             060TOH00K0aHOHHMHbIe6-- HaKa_neHa 00T00-0P0一0x, HMFP03HJIH H3HqeCKO P00nP000n·ecJIHOHH、-一 T00一00P, )K,aeHHeaHTJIO-HPaHCKOÏ'O                                             B3THX                                          eHeKO_ TOPbIeH3BeCTHbIeCBOHMHnP0aHrJIHiCKHMH

OTKa3bIBaJIHCbnonaep)KaTbCenaxa丶apa.20HO6p          MHC_ CHS                                        CenaxAapyHO一0B000                               00ep0

LüYK)Tpe60BaHHeHeMeAJ1eHH0C03BaTb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HpaTHd)HI_lHPOBaTb

一39

9

aHFJIO-HPaHCKOeCOTJIameHHe一9一9r•

PH3HCKKa6HHe•raCenax,aapa.一9HBapqfl一92一                                          BblXOAaH3 flPaBHTeJIbCTBaHeKOTOPbIXMHHHCTPOB'no B        BeCbKa6HHerr.BHaga.ne                              COTJIaCHJICAC(þOPMHPOBaTbHOBOe flPaBHTeJIbCTBO.一6         一92一r•OH                                         qneHOB Ka6HHe-ra,a2一d)eBPaJ1¶BTerepaHeflPOH301-UeJ1nePeBOPOT冖70一·

BTeqeHHe IleCflTHneTHäBOIIPOC0xaPaKTePenePeBOPOTa 2一(þeBpa.nq一92一r.,0POJIHBeroflOArOTOBKeHTIPOBeAeHHH

UHUIbHbIX BeJIHK06PHTaHHHBHpaHe 0, HHMH3cnOPHbIXBCOBeTCKOìí H3AaBHaCYI•ueCTBOB一0CY>K,aeHHe,TOHBno06HOMaKT%CKOpeeCerO'B6blJlH3aHHTepecOBaHbIaHTJIHiCKHeBJIaCTH,6e311011..aeP)KKHHBeÄOMaKOTOPblX OCYLUeCTBHTbero6bIJIO6bIHeB03MO)KHO.TaKOeMHeHHeOflHPUIOCb 丶eHaTOTaKT·CITOnePeBOPOTaflPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIÏIKa6HHeTBTerepaHeB03rnaBHJI110JIHTHqeCKHäAegTeJ1b,FIPOaHTJIHäCKHe HaCTPOeHHflKOTOPOTOHH KOTOBrlOJlHTHHeCKHXKpyraxHpaHaHe 6bIJIHTaÈíHOÈí. 6bIJ1)KYPHUIHCT,BblXO,ae1.lH3PeJIHrH03HOrOCOCJIOBHACeHA3Hflaa-ÅHHTa6am6aH,H3AaTeJIbnePCHACKOäroeTbI 冖<Œp0M>>),H3BeCTHOMCBOeV{flPOaHTJIHÏCKOV1HarlPaBJreHHOCTbkO.

B一966r.HacTpaHHuaXBOCTOKOBeAqeCKOrO)KypHa.na<<Hap0AbI

A3HHHBMOCKBe110flBHnaCbCTaTbfl,OTOPKOTOPOM 冖C.Jl.AraeB) Bep ·HTOBblweAUIHeBHaqa.ne60•xrOAOBB CBeTTOMaaHTJIHHCKHXAHFIJIOMaTHqeCKHXAOKYMeHTOBOTBePrakOT BePCHK) OBePOHTHOCTH aKTHBHOä POJIH 6PHTaHCKHXB••naCTeM B 110AFOTOBKeHflPOBeAeHHH            nePeBOPOTa一92一r•B

paHe.ABTOPCTaTbH          60JIbI.IIHeYCHJIHfl,HT06bl060CHOBaTb COHbHY IIPHPOAYnepeBOPOTa•OH Bep ·HTO                                       40 3T0r0C06bITHRHPaHCKHeIIPaBHTeJ1bCTBaflPeACTaBJ1flJIHHHTePeCbI eo HO aPHCTOKPaTHH,TO                           nePeBOPOTaKBJlaCTH

110Meu丶HHbe-6ypxye,3HbIìí6OK·  YCTËMneHHAHauHOHUIbHblXcm冖7一一·

P COBVTCKHXHPaHHCTOBHeMeA.neHHO110A..aeP)KaJIH HOBYžO TPaKTOBKY,BHAHMO HTOOHaflOflBH•naCbBneqaTHHe

6e3CaHKUHH(e)KAYHaPOAHOTOOTAeJIa1-1KKOMMYHHCTHqeCKOä

TRHCOBeTCK0roCc»03a冖72一·

K3TOMYBPeMeHH,0HaKOBHpaHeflOqBHJIHCbHOBbIeny6JIHKaLIHH MeMyaPbI,HCTOPHqeCKHeOgePKH'6HOFPa4)HH110JIHTHqeCKHX

KOTOPbleCOAePKØJIH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (þaKTHqeCKHXAaHHbIXOTHO-

CHTeJIbHOaKTHBHOCTH6PHTaHCKHXAWIJIOMaTOBHBOeHHblXBJlaCTei

140

BHpaHeBnepHOAnepB0ìáMHPOBOÏBOPiHbIH110CJIeAYiOLUHerobl.

HOBCOBETCKHXH3AaHHAX110HPaHCKOMHCTOPHHOHHTIOHTHHeynoMHHUIHCb.KOBPeMeHHH3AaHHfl<<HCTOPHHHpaHa»BH3aaTeJIbCTBe MIN(一977(.)npoumo5nercTOMnopbl,KOTAaHa3anaAenpaH0BeAbI1103HaKOMHJIHCbCAaHHbIMH0COTPYAHHqeCTBePe3axaHaC aHTJIHäCKHMHBœHHbIMHBJIOT¶MH.ABTOPpa.3Aena0nepeBopoTe 一92一r.,np*ccopM.C.HBaHOB,BHOBbBblABHHYJ1npeAf10JIO)KeHHe 0TOM,HTO<<.aeäCTBHflMHKoaKOBPYKOBOAHJIHaHFJIHäCKHe

丨BœHHbIeHHCTPYKTOPbIKoatIbHXqacTei>).HeCCbIJIa¶CbHaKaKHe• JIH60AOCTOBePHbIeCBeAeHHA,OHI"IHCUI.•<<llnaHCOBePLUeHH¶nepeB0POTa66mpa-3pa60TaHBJ10HAOHe»冖73一·

HTOKacaeTcqcyl-ueCTBaBonpoca,TOOlly6.f1HKOBaHHbIeB一972r. no peaaKL(Heii AMp0HcaÏaaMewaPblreHep3JI-MaìiopaO.

poHcai,aa冖74一·collepxaBL1.1HeeroexenHeBHb1e3a11HCHB一92f一922rr., HHOBbIhHMflYJIbCKH3yqeHHIOBOIIPOCOB,CBf13aHHbIXCrocYÄapCTBeHHbIMnepeBOE)0TOMBHpaHeB一92一r.BYKOaHHOMH3AaHHH, KCTaTH,6bIJIHH3 T WIHCOKPaI,ueHblHeKOTOPbIeBecbMam06011bITHbleHBOKHbteCBeAeHHH0Ha.3HaqeHHHMHPnaHA)Ka冖IIOAIIOJIKOBHH(a)Pe3axaHaKOMaHAHPOMKa.3aHbeäAHBH3HH.OAHaKO3T06bI.na,110 cyn.IecTBY,nepBaq                                     ny6JIHKaLlHfl,                                        IlPflMbIe CBHAeTeJIbCTBaOTHOCHTeJ1bHOTaäHbIXCB¶3eÏ6YAYIueroOCHOBaTeJI¶ HOBOHPaHCKOÏAHHOTHHCBHAHbIMHIIPeACTaBHTeJI¶MH6PHTaHCKHXOKKynaUHOHHb1XBJ1aCTeìíBHpaHeB一920r.FIOH¶THO,I-ITOupaHCKHeB.naCTHHIllHPOKaq06ueCTBeHHOCTbCTPaHbIHeMOTJIHHe06pa-

THTbBHHMaHHflHa3TYny6JIHKaLIHkO.TeM60neeHTOeeBblXOABCBeT

6bIJ1OCyueCTBJIeHBJlOHAOHeBnepHOA,KO「 waxHpaHaMoxaMMeA-Pe3afleX.neBHBPeMeHaMH1103BOJI¶J1ce6e,aaBaTbHaCTO.neHHH PYKOBOAHTeJI¶M3anaAHbIXAeP)KO.

HAeäCTBHTeJIbHOqepe351131'noc.neBblXOAaBCBe'I'MeMyaPOB 3·Aäp0HcaänaBHPaHCKOM)KypHaJIe<<¶FMa»110flBH.naCbCTaTb¶A-pa ·UIeMXOJIbHCJIaMH,BKOTOPO BBeCbMaJlOAJlbHOìiBOTHOUIeHHH AHHaCTHHIleXJIeBHHHTeP11PeraUHHH3naraJIaCbHCTOPHRC6JIH)KeHHfl HCOTPYAHHHeCTBaPe3axaHaCKOMaHAYfOII.IHM<<Hopnep 0P9一6PHTaHCKHMreHepU10M3·AÈíPOHCaüAOM.HOyrBep)K,aeHl•Ð0IlleMXOJIb• HC.naMH,Pe3aLl.laxnou.lenHaCOTPYAHHqeCTBOC6PHTaHCKHMreHepa110M,ABH)KHMbIäBblCOKHMHHAeaJIaMHcnaceHHAHpaHaOT60JIbU.IeBHCTCKOMOnaCHOCTH,T.e.A)KeHreJIHiCKOTOIIBH)KeHHfl.HpaHCKHä

yqeHbIÈáNdca.n…丶丶:ABaBblCOKOflOCToneHHbIX(4)Huepa

H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pe3aMIHCoaAKYXH冖BTOBËM¶Pe3axaHHeHMWI

一凸




CTaHLIeBHaKa.3BHHMJIHHaTerepaH,ecJIHOHHHaHHYTeroBCJIeA3a HallIHMOTXO0MH3MeHA)KHJIA.

BIIPHCYTCTBHH3cMeäca IlPOBencPe30 Aonroe06CY)KAeHHe. nepBOHaqaJIbH0MHeXOTeJIOCbFIOJIYHHTbyHerorlHCbMeHHOe063a, TenbCTBO.OAHaKOTIOTOMËU.IHJI,HTOBAaHHbIX06CTOyreJ1bCTBaX TPe60BaTbIlHCbMeHHbIÏAOKYMeHT0C060r0CMbICJ1aHeHMWI'.

OHflO)Ke.naeTOTKoaTbCflOTaaHHbIXHaMCJIOB,TO AOC'IÐT()HHO 3a¶BHTb,9T0npeACTOHTbITHCbMeHHOePyqaTeJ1bCTBOOH6 BbleHH1101.neJIHa3T0no AaBJIeHHeM.1103TOMYnoanHcaHHaqHM 6YMaraHeneäCTBHTeJ1bHaHCHJIYHeHMeeT.HCXOAqH33T0r0·

IIOCTOHJInepeaPe0 ABaBonpoca:· nonpocHJ1eronaTbMHe 06etuaHHeBTOM,HTOOHBOBpeMfl004aHHKaKHXarpecCHBHbIXaeäCTBHäIIPOTHBHacHenpeItnpHMeT. ero0 TOM,HTOecJIHOHHano06 aKlIH}0110M ·TO HeKOJIe6nqCb, 6e3YI'Pb13eHHflCOBeCTH,eroamKYEO.Bpe3YJIbTaTeeroc-rpaHa()Ka)KeTCflBTaKOMT e0MflOJIO)KeHHH,BKOTOPOMOHaHHK0rnaHe HaXOAHJIaCb. 3T0r0Ae.naTbHeXOTeJIHnonpocwlero,HT06b1OH 3a110MHHJI,qTOMblKoatIbÆO B03POAHJIHCOBceMHe TOTO HT06bI,)XO eecoKpymaTb. •raK)KenonpocHJ1, 、06mOHHe

IIPHHHMUIHaCHJIbCTBeHHbIeMepblCMeI.ueHHfl HHen03B0,

JIMITIOCTynaTbTaKHM06pa.30MAWI'HM.BOTBe•rHa06e3TH OHTOP)KeCTBeHHO06e ·HTOflOCTYflHTCOrnaCH0MOHM

HH¶M.110CJ1e6eceAbIMbl06MeH¶JIHCbPYK0110)KaTHeM,HOH

rOBOPHJI OHCOMHOä ogeHbOTKPb1TO, Bblpaxaq CBOe

OTBPaI.ueHHfl K KOHTPOJIHPYEOIUHM MeA)KJIHCBCOOTBVTCTBHH co CBOHMHHHTePeCaMHITOJIHTHKaM.HCKa3aJlqT066-OHHe

3TOMYHeJIOBeKYH1103BOJIHJ1 BBeCTHCBOH B TerepaH>)冖80一·

BOBpeMflayAHeHUHHyl.uaxa一5(þeBpa.nqBTerepaHereHepan 3·Ahp0HcaÏA11bITaJICfly6eAHTbwaxaBHe06XOAHMOCTHnpenocmB.neHH¶Pe3axaHYBblCOKOTO110CTaBrocynapcTBeHH0ìic•r•pYKType.

OAHaK0wax3TYnpocbõyOTKJIOHWI冖8一一·BHOHbHa2一

一92一r.2500nepcHACKHXKoaKOBno KOMaHAOBaHHeMpe3axaHa, KOTOPOMYIIOMOIZJIH110JIKOBHhKCMHTHHeCKOJIbKO

CKHXO(þHuepOB,HagaJ'1Hnoxo HaTerepaH.OaKTHHeCKHyqacTHHKaM nepeB01)0TaHe61.110OKa..3aHOHHKaKOrOCOTIPOTHBneHHq. npHOCTaHOBJleHaAeneJIbHOCTbTIPaBH•reJIbCTBaCenaxztapa. B

CTOJIHW,HPaHCKHeKoaKH3aXBaTHJIHTIPaBHTeJ1bCTBeHHb1e

HH¶HaPeCTOBaJIHIIOHTHBCexKPYIIHbIXCaHOBHHKOB.


144

MeMyapbI3·Ail)0HcaM,uaOKa.3aJIHCbHeeAHHCTBeHHbIM

TenbCTBOM0Bep60BKePe3axaHaaHTJIHäCKHMH

HOC.neKpyu.IeHHA(e)KHMa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Pe3bl                                                                                                                                 B

IlPeACTaBHTeneäHOBblXno

BOC110MHHaHHfl.OHHHMekOTABa                      COCTaBJleHHaf13blKe ryA)KapaTH,a                       |HaaHTJlHMCKOM•06HaPY)KeHHbleBHHXCBeAeHH9IIOCTOHJIHTIOCJ1eAHK)iOTOHKYB                                       POJIH aHTJIHäCKHXBJIaCTeäB110ATOTOBKeH[IPOBe.ueHHH4)eBPUlbCKOrO

nepeBopoTaBTerePaHeB一92一r•OAHOBPeMeHHOOKOHqaTeJlbHO

naHOTBerHaBOIIPOC0TOM,KaKHM06Pa30MH 6yy H

xaH冖BTIOCneACTBHH HpaHa)6blJlBOBJleqeHB

HHTeJIfl3aAYMaHHOFO qecKOI'0nepeBopoTa.

ABTOP06HaPY)KeHHbIX   —APAeLUHPA)KH'napctH360M 6e B一893r.H3bPHTaHCK0äHHAHH6blJ1KOMaHAHPOBaHBTerepaH 110HHHUHaTHBeBHUe-KOPOJ1¶·110PeKOMeHAaUHH                                        OH B03rnaBHJI06U.IHHYnapCOBIdpaHa.KaKBHAHOH3OIV6JlHKOBaHHblXB HpaHeMaTePHUIOB,Bb1110JIHqq3丶06¶3aHHOCTb 0        CMepTHB 一933 ApAe1MHPA)KHOAHOBPeMeHH0pa60Ta•nHaaHFJIHäCKY10pa•3-

BeAKY.OH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  YCHJIH¶ PeaJlH3aUHH

KO JIHHHHBPHTaHCKOV1HMnePHHBHpaHe冖82一.

APAeLIIHPA)KHIIPHHHMUIaKTHBHOeyqaCTHeB                                   C03• naHHoroBTerepaHeBnepHOAKOHCTHTYUHOHHOÏ          一905| 一9一一rr.<<TaäHOI'()0611.1ecTBa»,HernaCHOB            LWIblX

.neTFIOAAeP)KHBaJ1CB¶3HCBHAHblMHCTPaHbl,COBeP[.ua.n03HaKOMHTeJlbHbIe                                       B00H6一                                          6ax-

THapH                                                                                                                                                                           110JIYKOqeBbIXnneMeH•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 H3caMblX

flOJIHTHqeCKHXMHCCHÏAPAeWHPA)KHBflOJlb3YbPHTaHHHcTUIO

YHaCTHeB110AFOTOBKeHOCYLUeCTBJIeHHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                一92一r•BcBOHX

flapcbl冖BHpaHeHXeAHH()BePL.leBHOblBaK)Trep6aMH                                           丨TaK HObiBaK)THPaHCKYK)HaPOIIHOCTb'                    30POaCTPH3Ma'                                   KOTOPOä' onacagcbFOHeHHÏMYCYJlbMaHCKHX              B BB•6e -HH3XOPaCaHaH 60CH080一HCB3a11NIHonHHAHH'BOCHOBHOMB                                           H ·b0M6ee•冖epe3l ABa•TPHBCKaOHHaCCHMHJIHPOBaIIHCb'0000n0 、 6u0,

ILIHÏPOAHOh KnapCHCOXPaHHJlCR0 aBTOHOMHOä06u.IHHbInapCOB                                        806 u                                      06·

patueHHRBKOJIOHHHOHHAHH•OHH

TenHHrpa.nuaKTHBHYK)POJ1bBrlOJIHTHKeBenHK06PHTaHHHH30He

3anHBa.BHacTOHLIleeBPCMRHX06LUhHbl.KPOMeHHAHH'HpaHa'

80MHOTHXApyrHXcrpaHax

145






JlOCbBTOM,HTOBPe3YJ1bTaTenPHXOAaKBJ1acTH

THqeCKOÏrwnnHPOBKHHPaHCKOe061•UeCTBOHecMOr•noBblMTHHa rlYTbneMOKPaTHqeCKOTOPa-3BHTH¶•                                           cBOHXnOJIHTHqeCKHX1103HUHüPYKOBOIlHTeJIH                         apMHHHcaMPe3axaH BPeMeHOfHaneJIJIHPOBUIHKMaCCaM'K

HbIMrpY1111HpoBKaM                              BTO                                            OHH                                             qBHYK)CFJIOHHOCTbKTecHOMY                         c eO HO apHCTO-

KpaTHeÈi,COXPaHHBI.neM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B03rnaBHBBO—

OPY)KeHHYK)50P65YIIPOTHBAeMOKPaTHgeCKOTO          HcenapaTHCTCKHXBblCTynneHHìíHaOKPaHHOS

KHCOAeäCTBOBUIO0 caMOnoce6e06YCJIOBHJIOTaK)KeCOXPaHeHHeBHpaHe 1103HH· f103HTHBHbIM 110JIHTHqeCKHM Pe3YJlbTaTOM

1BHJIOCbTO,CITO                                                                                                                                   Hero

CTBeHHOCTHOCTaHOBHJICfl.

BMeCTeCTeM110CJIeACTBHflOKOUlHCbHeCOBCeMTaKHMH'KaK Toro e H6PHTaHCKHeIIOJIHTHKH•KO                                          eroOCYLUeCTBJ1eHHflaHTHaHrJIHüCKHeHaCTPœHH1He

1103BOJIHJIHnp0BeAeHHflHPaHCKOMBePXYUlKOìÍ

COOTBeTCTBOBaBIIIeìi6YKBeH y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

HaqBHOBbIXYCJIOBHflXOTKa•3aTbCÃOTHAeH

KOpon HpaHOM,BenHK06PHTaHHflOCTOanaCb'OAHaKO'npe06.nanai01.ueÏ3KOHOMHqeCKOÏHBHpaHe• AflHKnpoOJI0HapaUlHBaTbIlPOH3BOACTBeHHY}OMOLIlb•AHTJlHìáCKHÏI-IIaXHHI.UaXCKHìí6aHKB

BOKHeäI.ueI'O(þHHaHCOBOTOYHPe)KaeHH•qHpaHa•BTO B HOBO re0110JIHTHqeCKOìí06CTØ•HOBKe'KOTOPaqBPerHOHe

Bpe3YJIbTaTeCOBeTH3aUHHKaBKa-3aH                            A3HH' H 5H0,0CB060HTeJIHO BOMHblTYPOKHT•··                 

bPHTaHCKOäHMnePHHPeLUHJlHHellPeflflTCTBOBaTb

YCTPeM.neHHflMTOgaCTH

aKTHBHOBCTa.naHaIlYTbB03PO)K,aeHHflBJlaCTHUeHTPaJlbHOrO

TenbCTBano(þnaTOMHAeHHPaHCKOrOHal-IHOHUlH3Ma•

2·6·Il()JIHTHqeCKHenepeMeHbIBupaHe

nocnenePeBOPOTa121r•

BblweAI.uaqHa110JIHTHqeCKYK)apeHY                         nepeBOPOTa一92一r• HOBaqCH.na,IlPeACToneHHagPe3axaHOMH

neHHbIMHHaCTOäHHBO 06HB ac                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          cBOHx

152

1103HH·flOCKOJIbKY                ABOPHBCq                               BePKYLUKa OC 0                        acbB                                       BeCTH                                     60pb6yIIPOTHByrp0)KakOI.uerocaMOMY                                       HXBJIaCTH

HUIbHO-AeMOKPaTHqeCKOTOABH)KeHHfl'                  HHeCTOm06HBbIMpe'3axaHOMH OKPY)KeHHeMH'3            Ka3aHbeäAHBH3HHH)KaH,AaPMePHHOTKPblJlHCbUIHPOKHeB03MO)KHOCTH

AU1bHeMLLIeTOllPOABH)KeHHAHa

CllOC06CTBOBUIOH6JlaTO)KeJlaTeJlbHOe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                KHHM

IIPOOJIa                                          HagaTYfOBnePeBOPOTa'KOMaHAOBaHHeaHTJlHäCKHXBnoCJIeACTBHH60n qacTbBOOPY)KeHHS'HBOeHHOrO

CHapqxeHHRHaXOÃHBLUHMC¶noKOMaHAOBaHHeMPe3axaHa

CKHMBOHHCKHMqaCTfM•KPOMeBeJlHK06PHTaHHq

HPaHCKOMYrlPaBHTeJIbCTBYqepe36aHK

COBbIecpeACTBaHaBOeHHble BBnacTH

Heb'fa.noCOAeäCTBOBUIHCTaH()B•neHmOBOOPyxeHHblXHpaHa•

BMeCTeCTeMAeneJIbHOCTbpe3a

BOeHHOI'OMHHHCTPa,nocyuecTBYHa

LIH}0110JIHTHqeCKOrO110JIO)KeHH¶B

HMHeroCOPaTHHKaMHJ103YHFH0

PUIbHOiB.naCTH,C03AaHHqH

AaPCTBeHHOTOMHOrHM'         HHeKOTOPbIXPeBOJThOUHOHHbIXAeMOKPaTOB•0HO

'{TOpe3axaHB60P66e3aBJ1aCTb HaC6JlH)KeHHecAeMOKPaTHqeCKHMHCHJIaMH.                            Pe3axaHacno-

C06CTBOBUIH0H3HP&ICKOÏ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

BœHHbIXHHCTPYKTOPOBH

CTPeJIKOB>>.CTOPOHHHKHPe3axaHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3THC

AeneJ1bHOCTbiO.

KaKOTMeHUIOCbBblille,aHFJIHqaHe AOBOJlbHbl

KOJIHHHeÈipe3axaHa,cqHTaq KaK                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               H3

CKHÏ110C.naHHHK,0He M《68

Ka,OAHaKO,OKOaJIaCb BOBHMMaHHe'qTO pe3axaH,KaKflOKoaJIaY)Ke 60Pb6a                     OqeHb 6bICTPOTIPH06LIIHJIC¶K110JIHTHKeHaKTHBHOMC110 30B CBOeno0 )KeHHe ycneIÐHOi60P6 3aBJlacTb• BnepBbIe

CJIeCMerueHHfl                                                                                                                                         3HH'pe3axaH                                                                                                                                                                                  eO HO aPHCTO-

KpaTHHH,Pa-3YMeeTCR,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               BJlaCTBMHCllOJlb30BaTb

AeBCeroKaKBOeHHCTOPYKOBOAHTeJI¶HOPraHU3aTOPa60Pb6bl

153


,ueMOKpaTHqeCKoroABDKeHHAHCenaPaTH3MaflOJIYKOqeBbIX    Kane,aHa0X0鸢H40CaKKb13a冖99一·BOBpeMqKanpcKoÏKOHflPOBeAeHHOä6PHTaHCKHMHBJIaCTflMHBMap-re一92一r.

TOBCKOpeOHCTUIIIPe•reHÄOBaTbHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PO B

APOJ1eHHHYCTPaHOÏ.qeJIOBeK,KOTOPbIìÍnocnenepeBopoTa一92一•r                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6JIOTIPHHflTOPer.ueHHe06yqpe)KAeHHHno 3Th0 AHI'JIHH

OKObIBaJ1COAeÏCTBHeAXMeAI.L18XY,HeTOJIbKOCYMeJIHaHTH06 H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            HOMHOTOKypncKOI'006POOBaHHfl.COI'JIaCHO3TOMYpeu.1eHmo,aH-

I'llHqaHeTaiHOIIOCTOJI¶JIHCHMKOOPY)KHeH    a•raK)Ke A3bIKCIIËACTaBHTeJIAMH                         HOaPHCTOKPaTHH,HOH3aCTaBHJl

HXIlPH3HaTb3aHHMJIH,uePCTBO.AHTJlHqaHeBrlPHHUHneCOAeäCTBO—                                             OKObIBaJIH AeHeXHyoflOMOU.lb.OAHaKOHeKOTOPb1eBHAHb1e BUIHYCH.nekЕnOpe3axaHa,TaK                             AHWIOMaTHqeCKHeI'lPeACTaBHTeJIHpe3KOBblCIY11HJIHnp0THBocyaHTH60JIbI.neBHCTCKHHaCTPOeHHØ•A

YCTpaHBa.na,aBO-BTOPbIX,qaCTflMH 3aHHb1ecBeJIHK06PrraHHeÏ6b1JIH ne,.Bocyr0·oyneH 一CKOpeB兴 B 110JIHTHqeCKOìi)KH3HH.~npo-

B 0 Pe3axaHaHarocyrnaBneHHOiHMBOOPY)KeHHOìi

KpaTHqecKoroABH)iCHHfl.EroBOeHHOi* HYKPemeHHeapMHH,

KpyrOBHPaHCKOìiCTOJIHUbI.

MHHHCTP冖HBenH-

paTHJIHBHHMaHHeHaOKPaHHHbIe

KaK'BO-nePBbIX'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             H

BJIaCTbBHpaHeHX

6J100AapqPe3axaHYMHOTHeTecHOCBfl-

(OHPY3MHP3aHocper0 OY,

BePHYJIHCbBJIOHO061UeCTBeHHOrlOJIHTHqeCKY}OcueHY6 06ecneqeHB03·

60P660 npo HaUHOHU1bHO-AeMOYCHJIHfl,HanPa.B.neHHbIeHaPeOPraHH3a-

nOJIb30BØJIHCbIIOJIHOÏ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  npaBfl-

YflPOHHBCBOeITOJIO)KeHHe,BOeHHblÏ Hero             flOMOUIHHKH06·

IIPOBHHUHH, acTb

eo 0B·MHOFHeH3HWXOTKa3bIBae HoeIlPa,BHTeJIbCTBO.

xapaKrepHcTHKa,aaHHa-flBCBOHXAHeB-

Pe3axaHY'0Ka-3anacbB11PHHUHne

BOneBbIMHUeneYCTËMneHHbIM.Pe3axa-

Ka•gaMOC-CUITaHe,y C03aTb aBOLIIJIHBOHHbInePCHACKOÈiKaH B e CJIO)KHOCTH AHBH3Hä.KKOHLIY一92一r.HHCJIeHHOCTb 0K0n040000qeJ10BeK冖98一·

Ka.3aKH110KOMaHAOBaHHeMPe3axaHa BCeÈiI'HJIAHCKOÌÍIIPOBHHUHH5bIJIaBOC-

IlPaBHTeJ1bCTBa.B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         一922r.

y OCTIOAHHHHTbUeHTPUIbHOMY TUIbIUICKHX,XUIXUICKHXHMaKHH-

OC06eHHO60n1110e3HaqeHHe                          ynpoPe3axaHaHMena BOeHHaq

araCHMKO•                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          BTOM'40K

OHKOHTPOJIHPOBUI,AOCTHrJIHcaMbIX BOCTOKeOHMIlPOCTHPUIHCb01.naXHH-

11.1eCTB.neHH¶no06H0 flOJIHTHKH.XOT¶nepBbIeBOOPY)KeHHb1e

KHOBeHHfl CHMKOCHOBbIMHperyngpHb1MH HPaHCKHMH

30ePUIHJIHCberon06e0·HOnemM一23r.eroononqeHHq FIOJIHOCTbK)pa.3TPOMneHbIBOìiCKaMHPe3axaHa.CHMKO6e

HpaK.HOn06 eOHBHOBbB03BPaTHJICIBIdpaHc•reM,4066

AOJl)KHTbBOOPYYCHHYK)60P66Y3a06pa30BaHHe《 pCKoro aaPCTBD.110TepneBnopaxeHHe,OHBHOBb6e BHpaK.

BecHoi一923r.Pe3axaHnpuc•rynwlKnoaroTOBKe

KOf11aHHHBbaXTHapHHHJlypec•raHe.Ha3TOTpa.3ero

HanponeHHbIeHaBOCCTaHOBJIeHHeBJIaCTHHPaHCKOFOnpowreJ1bcTBa B30HeIVIeMeHHaK)ro-3anaAevrpaHbI,Bb13BaJIHHeAOBOJ1bCTBO

K06PHTaHHH.AHFJIHqaHeHOßËBUIHCbCOXPaHHTbIT()JWOTOH()MHK)

baXTHapHH HBCero ioro-3anaAa HpaHa, BCe 60ee

aKTHBHOCTb                                                                                                                                                                      

Banpe.ne一923r.,KOrnaPe3axaHI"OTOBHJIC¶Knoxo

aHI"JIHÌáCKHìáITOCJIaHHHKBTerepaHenpeAynpeAHJI H

MHHHCTPa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           OJIb-MaManeKa, 0AHI'JIHflHeCMO)Ke•r

TaTbCfl6e3yqaCTHbIMHa6JIkOAaTeneMKOH(þJIHKTa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                eH

HbIMIIPaBHTeJIbCTBOMH6aXTHaPCKHMHXaHaMH,H TIOH¶Tb,

ecJIH e0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0BOOPY)KeHHOI'OCTOJIKHOBeHH¶,AHTJIH¶

npeAnpHH¶TbBOOPY)KeHHOeBMeUJaTeJIbCTBO>). yrp03aHe

11.1UIaPe3axaHYCOBePUIHTb3annaHHPOBaHHbIìÍnoxo·B

KOTOPOFOM*Te)K6axTHapHJIYPOB6bI.nrl()AaBJIeH.OAHaKO

IIOJIHOI'0110AHHHeHHflHpa.30pY)KeHHa6aXTHaPCKHXHJIYPCKHX

MeHPe3axaHYcpa3YHeYAUIOCb. 3aAaqa6bIJIaBbl[1()JIHeHa

OCHOBHOM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TIOAaBJIeHHSBblCIY11JIeHHÃ

30HCHMOFOnpaBHTenqH3MoxaMMepbI.

BoeHHbIeycneXHPe3axaHa860P6eCHenOKOPHbIMH

一923,一924rr.noATOJIKHYJIHaH1'JIHqaHYCWIHTbno ep Xa3anq.BenHK06PHTaHHS 06HB acOT•rerepaHcK01'0

CTBaCOXpaHeHHA3aXoa.neMcTaTycaIIOJIYOTOHOMHOI'O OHaHaCTOäHHBOTIPH3bIBaJIaHPaHCKOC11PaBHTeJ1bCTBOHe


Ha.XOAWIaCbBPYKaxMeCTHbIXpocna JIHCb6e30r0BOP0qH0IIPH3HOaTb

Ha IIPH3HaTb,40

HHKaxreHePUIOM3·AMPOHCaìiAOMnpeMbepBePHOÏ.OH66mgeJIOBeKOMOC、· aKTHBHOMCOAehCTBHH• eAHHbIeBOOpyxeHHbIeCHJIbI,HTO, 3aqbeäAHBH3HH,)KaH,aaPMePHHMO

6UTOI.ueCTb110MeBOOPyxeHHb1XyxeCOCTaBJ1flJ1ape3YJ1bTa•re

xeY506p一92一r.6HT0c BOLLIJIHBPeunHBCKOpeBO

CTaHOB.neHaBJ1aCTb e 5H0r0B apMHH6e3OC06bIXTPYAHOCTeÈirl()JIYHeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBYIMaXCeBaHCKHX,

CKHXxaHOBA3ep6aäA)KaHa.B qeHHfl110JIHTHqeCKOÈi1103HUHHtneixa HanKYPACKHMJIHAQOMHCMaHJ1npaBH'reJ1bHEOk•no一922r.3eMJIH,KOTOPbIenpaBHTeJIR.

3HaHHTenbHbIXpa3MQOB.Ha11PHHHMaTb

154155




BOOPY)KeHHOeBblCIYÍI.neHHenpOTHB11PaBHTeJlbCTBeHHblX    Pe3a                                           BcaMOMHaqane一925r.Pe3axaHHconp0B0)KAai01.uqeeroB xaHBÞMeHHOCOXPaHHJ13a                                   XY3eCTaHa•                                      XY3eCTaHCKOM110XOAe                            JIHuaBePHYJIHCbBCTOJIHW.BO

BIIPOBHHUHH6bIJIHPOMeueHb1IlPaBHl&JlbCTBeHHbIe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3HaHHTeJIbHbIXHaCeneHHbIXI'lYHKrax,qepe3 BCex60JIeeHJIHMeHee

KKOHI.V一923 3aHCKJ1i0HeHHeMApa6HCTaHa冖XY3ecTaHa)H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             KOTOPbIenpoe3 KO e «capAap-ecenaxa»(r.naBHOKOMaHAYIO-

HeKOTOPb1XCOCeIIHHXc 0 llPOBHH1-ueä06ac Pe3axaHYYAa-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pe3axaHa,eroBCTPeqaJIHHIIPOBO)KUIHC60JIbUIHMHnoqec-

T¶MH.OC06eHHO110CTaPUIHCberoCTOPOHHHKHBTerepaHe.OHBCflOJlOCbBOCCTaHOBHTbBJ1aCTbUeHTPUlbHOrOflPaBHTeJlbCTBa BCeMY

HpaHY.JIOPAKep30HHe e CMHTaTbC¶cBeneHHeMBPeMeHH'B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             MHHUI,HTOH3-3anepeIVY)KeHHocTHUeHTPUIbHblXYJIHLITpaHcnopT-

HbIMH CPeACTBaMH H neu.Iex0AaMH eMY IlPHu.lJIOCbnepececTb C TOMHHCJIeCOCABHraMH,IIPOHCXOAHBWHMHB

HpaHCKOro06LUeCTBa.OHflPH3bIBa•n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       AHIUlOMaTHqeCKOìiMHC-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                aBTOM06HJIRHaKOHA 0Pe3axaHa1101.1.IJIHCJIYXH0TOM,HTOero

CHHCOeAHHeHHOrOKOPOJIeBCTBaB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       OH 一110HATb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CTOPOHHHKH,BgaCTHOCTHMOJIO0 BOeHHbIiry6epHaTopCTOJIHI.IbIH

HeKOTOPbIe,apyrHe$UHUIbHbIeJIHI.la,HOßPeBUIHCb           nocne xaHY, 0TOTHeCMO PeaJIH30BaTbCBO}OflOJlHTHKY

PUKH3aUHHBTexIlYHKraX, OHaCOIlPHKaCaeTCflCHHTePeCaMH        eroB03BPaI.geHHflBCTOJIHLVOPraHH30BaTbLIQeMOHHiOI'll)OB03rnabPHTaHHH.OÄHaKO11006H HerH6KaqCTapaqHMnePCKag                    B                                             IneHHSero1.11aXOMHpaHa COOTBeTCTBeHHO,0HH HOHH3JIOnpHHI.lHneOTBepranaCb                        6PHTaHCKOäMHCCHHBTerePaHe• TbAXMeALuaxaKa,axapa.HOPe3axaHnpeaocTeperRXOTno05, B11HCbMe0T2一Maa一923 BOOPHH n0CJ1aHHHKJlopeiH                                              HoroIllara.

TIOCJIenpue3AaBTerepaHPe3axaHY3HaJIHeKOTOPbIenoP06· can,LITO110AAQ)KKaITOJIHTHKHUeHTPaJIH3aUHHMONCT110CJlY*HTb

YCWIeHHiOa}TJIHÏCKOTOBJIHflHHflHaHPaHCKHeBJlacTHH(<3aCTOHTb   HOCTH06MeHaTenerpaMM8MH(e)KAYnpe6bIBaBIIIHMBOOPaHI.lHH pe3axaHanuaTbOllËAeneHHbIe                            HHTe-                                           AXMeAu.IaXOMHHaXOÄHBI.UHMCq3CTOJlHLIeHaCneAHHKOMnpecrrona. pecOBbPHTaHHH>).no06H ABOhCTBeHHOCTb6PHTaHCKHXAHIMlOMa- HaCJIeAHHKHaCTOMHHBO3B CBOero6paTaBHpaH,HT06 npeAOTTOB0Ka3UIaCYIUeCTBeHHOeB03AeäCTBHeHaaHTJlO-HPaHCKHeOTHO-     BPaTHTbY3ypnaI.uÐ0TPOHaCOCTOPOHbIPe3axaHa.OAHOBËMeHHOB 1.11eHHABOBËMA110XO.aaPe3axaHaBKYPAHCTaHH            HO                                             XopacaHeHaqaJIOCbaHTHflPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOeBblCTynneHHe•rypKMeHOC06eHHOBnepHOAeroKOfnaHHHnpOTHB                 MOXaMMePblXa•3a-                                  CKHXTIJIeMeH,aBHpaHCKOMKypAHcTaHeⅠ p0B·110 KOMaHAOBa-

BKOHAe一924r. noBblCKØ•3bIBaHHflM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Pe3a OH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         HHeMCMMKOp KYPACKHXalliHpeTOBOCaAHJIHr.AHJIMaH.ITOCTY-

IlHBI.UHeH3 ro3an HOI'OHpaHaCBeAeHH¶Pa.3BeAKHCBHAeTeJ1bHHCTHHKTHBHOynaBJIHBU1                       aHrJIHH-

CKOÏAHIIJIOMaTHqeCKOÿÍMHCCHHHKeP30HOMflPOTHBOPeqH•q.n03T0,                                               CTBOBUIH,HTO,HeCMOTPAHaAOCTHTHYTbIeYCTHbIeAOrOBOPeHHOCTH, MYCHHTUI,40eroBOeHHbIeycneXHHTBePAOCTb6y COAeÏCTBO-    IIPeACTaBHTeJIHbPHTaHHHIIPOAOJI)KUIHIIPOBOLIHPOBaTb         Xa.3aBaTbycnexyIIPOBOAHMOäHMJIHHHH·                  KBblCIY11JIeHI•ffOnpOTHBTerepaHcKOI'0npaBHTeJIbCTBa.BHaga..ne

BueJIOM,KaKABCTByeTH3CO,aeP)KaHW,qKOflHìÍCeKPeTHbIXaH-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          anpenq一925 flPH6b1B111HÏBbacpyMHHHCTPKOJIOHHÏAHI'"HH

FJIHMCKHXOKYe一0B·flOnaBUIHXBPYKHHPaHCKHXBJlaCTeä' HMenTa BcTpeqyCu.IeìixoM.CTUIOACHbIM,tlTOaHI'JIHÏCKHe HOueJIbkOI'lPaBHTeJIbCTBaAHrJIHHBOBËM¶KPH3HCa6bIJIOCOXPaHe- BJIaCTHrlPOAOJI)Kam•JIHH}•nO, HacoxpaHeHHeÞCTHHHeBnpHHIlHneCTaTyca HpaHe•A06HBUlHCbB3TOMBon- qeCKOìiOTOHOMHHApa6HgraHa冖XY3ecTaHa),HaMepeBaqcb,npe)KAe poceB3aHMOIIOHHMaHHflCPe3axa•HOM'KOTOPblÏBOBpeM1 Ha BCeroyrIPOtIHTbaHK.naBHblÌixapaKrepTIPOMbILUneHHO-KOMMePqeCK()ä IOTHeOAHOKPaTHO CaHrJIHäCKHMHÃHllJlOMaTaMH'npaBH- aerreJIbHOCTHAll-IKHaHPaHCKOiTeppmopHH.Y3HO063TOM,Pe3a TenbCTBOBenHK06PHTaHHHHeI'lO)Kena,JIOOKOHqaTeJIbHOYXYÄUlaTb xaH,KaKnpeMbepHI'JIaBHOKOMaHAYK)I.I.IHÈi,npeAnpHHAJIHeOTJlO)KHbIe CBOHOTHOmeHHACHPaHCKHMTlËMbQOM TaKHJIH Mepbl TIOAaBJIeHHRBOCCTaHHÏBKypAHcTaHeHXopacaHe.BblJIO HHaqe,06anpoyreJ1bCTBaB一92f一925 ·” M H36e a 060C, pel.neH0TaK)KeI'lPHHflTbCPOHHbIeneÈiCTBHfl B03MO)KHOI'O,onacTËHHflxy3ecTaHcKoroKOHÞ{Kra, KOMIIPOMHCC•HO3TOT HOI'O TIPaBHTeJIbCTBa,POBHTH¶C06bITHäB30HenegTeJIbHOCTH 11.10,HTOOHeHbCKOPO 0ICHO,IlPaBHTeJIbCTBOMBeJIHK06PHTa- aHTJIHäCKOäHe HOKOMnaHHH.BœHHOMYry6epHaTopyXY3ecTaHHHpaCCMaTPHBUICflKaKBPeMeHHbIÏMaHeBP• Ha6bIJIa0TnpaB.neHa ceKpeTHaq TenerpaMMa, B KOTOPO 6no

一59

158



ω             



yrp030一一·CpreMHT06bIy6eAHTb BHe06XOAH-

                                                                                                                                                                                                      TJIABAIll                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MOCTHCOXPaHHTbCAHFJIHeÏTeCHbIeOTHOweHHfl.PYKOBOAHTeJIH

(DOPHHIlPH3blBaJIHHpaHK0CB060 一一CeBePHblXnpo-

BHHLIHMHpaHaOT丶丶3KOHOMHqeCKOI'OCePBHTYTD冖丶丶nopa60eHH一>)

FOAbIAHKTATVPbIPE3A1-11AXA冖一05—一01)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CCCPA06HBaTbC¶冖2一·OAHOBPeMeHH0IlPH3HaHHHero6pwraHCKoeOC06bIXnpaB11PaBHTeJ1bCTBOHatore.BRHCbMenpoonKal-l-0

FJIUÏCKOMY110C.naHHHKYBTerepaHeO.HeM6ep.neHIIHCUI,LITO«npaBHTeJ1bCTBOE「0Be.11HHeCTBaHeBblcTynaeTTIPOTHBYCTaH()BneHH9 LleHTPUIbHbIMflPaBHTeJIbCTBOM冖HpaHa.丨C.A.)np¶MOF0KOHTPOJI¶B Apa6HcTaHe»冖T.e.BXY3ecTaHe.C.A.一·BMeCTeCpreMMHHHCTP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             'I•pe60BaJlTIPH3HaHHSHpaHOM丶<3HaMHTeÃbHbIXHHTepeCOB>>AHFJIHHB

AHHaCTHHHTaK,~pe3axaH6bl、KOPOHOBaH•、HH H36pOH、cTUIHH、、OCHOBaTeneMP00、 HOBOHAO , 30HePO>KAeHHfl>>HMeHHOnepcHncKOF0冖33TH一·HHTePeCbI3aJIHBa,仌CTUIHB BOKHeäLUHMXY3ecTaHH(þaKTOPOM,onpene-MecTOHaKaK000M06bIJIaOHa=n0CHMBOJIH'3HPOBaTb·、0M、,HCKHXno0060000·0ep40、=∕UIax0B冖一Ha一·Y0000-00 HpaHOM00」TaK00 JIHBUIHMHPaHCKOrOHHH.TaK,1103H一TIPaBHTeJIbCTBa,0AeKa6pg(K)AHNIHH一927BCllOC06HOär.OTHOl.neHHHupaHCK0e3aTParHBaTb11PaBHTeJ1bCTBOTOHJIHHHOÏHHTePeCbIHOBOä06 bPHTa-HnoaKLlHH05 JI、Bbl、00Y、PCT、a'AHKraTOPa'                  


I.ueHHH:JIHIIIeHaeH XY3eCTaHTIOCneAOBaTeJlbHOCTH•、00H00H:n0P0n40K0pe3ao006HaPY)KHJIOCbHaxaH∕000=CTHB00、60n00: 0eH00BBCe、oTHO-00m0、·B· aHHYJIHPOBaHHHHeAOBOJ1bCTBOAPHBeCTHKJIHKBHAaLIHHBeJIHK06PHTaHHH,(e)KHMaKallHTYJIALIHä.OTOHOMHOFOHHCTPYKUHH•raKKaK,cyAonp0H3BOAcTBanoOTH3JlOHAOHa,3aKOHHbIiHAee,OHAOJI)KeHaHFJIHMCKHìíaKTBbB-3B30He6b1.n OTHOmeHH¶Xc     H                                              AeneJIbHOCTH                                      Cnen.Yfl

一923Bonpocr.3aHHMaJ10AeATeJlbHOCTHB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0THOUIeHHqXHe」、HO KOMnaHHH 0 CTBa,110C.naHHHKHTOpacnpocTpaHeHHey6e)KAU1BKOHLleHPaHCKOìi一927r.K)PHCAHKUHHq.neHOBHPaHCKOFOHapa60LlHXIlPaBHTeJ1b-HC.ny-

M00T0H00T:0」HOK000」:0:0·BOflPOC.HbIX=00BHYTPH-BHHWdHH1He06KPYTH」CHHHpaHa'=、00T0」」0:0THacTH-00」- n000n0MH00H00000E0·HeHPaHCKHe00=、、0PqAa=0、•, )KaI.UHXJIaprYMeHTb1eHI.IHH[IPhHUH11e~eyAIIHKCPe3a丶COrnaCHJIC¶丶f10CnaHHHKBOKHblMI.uaxa.MONCTHCTOtlHHKOMYc"11HBHaHeCTH"IPHBOAHJIHacoxpaHeHHeYl.uep6aHrJIHÏCKHM36.naTOCOCTO¶HHS一AeKa6pqaBTOHOMHOTOAeneJ1bHOCTHnpocb6aM,一927HpaHa»r.BOKOMnaHhH,(e)KHMaBpeMqPe3a冖4一.Il.laxTeCYAO-ayAH-9B-B

」·0·∕==」x·0·40、、0Ae0He0:-=00」no:HO0n0040」00:eH」0M、0, flPOH3BOACTBaB30HeAerreJlbHOCTHaHI'JIHÏCKOÏKOMnaHHH.bonee n000-HO60一noTO'HTO 40CTa6HJIH3aUHH00 0000 E000, TOTOOHBblflOJIHHJlHHeKOTOPbIe 110)KenaHHBPYKOBOACTBa P000JI0n00n0=OOPY、KaKmax=HeHH6bIJIOonac0000一、、0OTMeqeHO'HHCnHPHPOBaJl0n00H0eHH0、n000npOTHB」、aT-BHaT、HueJIOMHHTepeCbIn00n0HOnoHeM00一0HB、 一、0T40n0HxaXKOHCO-、0 0 JlblCKYflHBWHCb,BeeanpecBblPOHBno冖5一CBHnereJ1bCTBY·YAOBneTBOPeHHeaHFJlHHCKOI*OeeneyreJ1bHOCTb}OAOCJ1aHHHKa,H HaflOXBa-Heno-

XY000n000pe3a0000」」=」aHe,00」Be11bIAHFJIHäCKHe丶:」0M∕0000-=TaKHM」aH, 0000800X0eH:、0HHB00」-HO-」·opbl、000:·npaB0、、000H:COXPaHeHHq00」、eH0:-0-0=-0、0」、HO00、 PeU.IeHbI.IlPaBHTeJIbCTBOM(e)KAY3PYKOBOACTBOM·1B·CllOP-reMHaqa.neHcr101)Hbie(C)KAYAffHK一927AIIHK.r.HpaHCKHMBBonPOCbI,upaHCKOeHaya.ne20B03HHKI.MHenpaBHTeJIbCTBOM,011PaBHTeJIbCTBOXA.FOAOB,TeìiMypTama(e)KAY'KOHI.lanPeAJIO)KHJIOHpaHCKHMHHe6b1JIH

ueJIH, OHH n00T0HHO 0、 HB一H HpaHcKOe nPaBHTenbCTBO

165

164



paHeBH 一929r.TeìÍMyprau.1oxapaKrepH30BanBonpoc AffldK                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PYKOBOACTBO                                                                                                                                                                                      HCflOJIb30BaJIOaHTJIHÏCKHeBOeHHbIe pac-

KaKcaMbIä3HaHHTeJIbHbIÿicpeAHHePeU1eHHb1XHPaH0-aH1'JIHÏCKHX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    KBaPTHPOBaHHbleBA6aaaHe.bOJ1bI.11HHCTBOflPHHflBIIIHXyqaCTHeB3a-

np06neM.OHHOTOÏHHBO 06HB C npeAJl())KeHHq0 6aCTOBKeHH.AHÈiI.IeB6bIJIHBblCJfflHbIBHHAHK).HOBbleBblCTYflJleHH¶ rlPeAOCTaB.neHHHHPaHCKOMYllPaBHTeJIbCTBYqaCTH KOMnaHHH He(þT¶HHKOBIIPOH301.IIJIHBKOHLle20,XrO0B· no110Ha OpraBcyeTeroAOJIHBH4TflHbIX 0X0ax·TaKTHKa,H36paHHaqTeh- HH3aLIHIHpaHCKOÌiKOMMYHHCTHqeCKOänaPTHH11blTUlaCbPOBePHYTb

MYPTaI.neMBnepeTOBopaxCAHIIJIOMaTHHeCKHMH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       cpeAHHHXCBOK)Aen1©JIbHOCTb.B3TOTnepHOA110¶BHJIHCb

AHFJIHH,6bI.naPOYMHOÏ.HOHPaHCKHMMHHHCTPHaHBH0y6e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ranbHbIe                                                                                                                                    OPraHH3aLIHH·

aHI'JIHäCKOI'OITOCJ1aHHHKa,HT()POCTM01Y1.uecTBaHPaHCK0r() BKaHYHMaq一929r.pa60HHeHCJIY)KaUIHeATIHKBblABHHYJIH napCTBaBHOBOCHTyaUHHㄧBHHTepecaxBeJIHK06PHTaHHH. nepeneeallMHHHCTPaUHeÿáp CePbe3HbIXTPe60BaHHä,BnePBYK)

H33T0r0·OH06HB CygaCTHflHpaHaHapgayc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                npaBH-                                                                                                                                                                                                                               oqepeabKaCaK)U.IHXC¶YBeJIHqeHHSMHHHMYMa3aPa60THOi

TeJ1bCTBOMBIlPOMbImneHHO-KOMMePqeCKOäneq•reJ1bHOCTHAIT-IK YJIYHI.ueHHq6bITOBbIXYCJIOBHi,JIHKBHAaUHHAHCKPHMHHaUHHBOTBHaga.ne一929r.BTerepaH neper0BopoB K3 HOLI.IeHHHHPaHUeB,I'lPeAOCTaB.neHHfle)KeTOÄHbIX0T蕁、CKOB•

MeH,3aHHMaBIIIHäC一926r.KOMna- KOBOACTBaKOMnaHHHYAOB-neTBOPHTb3THTPe60BaHHHBb13BaJI4Maq HHH.BblCJIYUIaBHpaHCKOenpeAJ10)KeHHe,OH 40 一929r.BA6aaaHeAeMOHCTPaUHK)FIPOTeCTa. ee110AaBJ1eHH¶pyTeJIbHOFOOTBVIZe He06XOAHMOITOCOBe1.uaTbcqc H KOBOCTBOAflHKBb13BUIOH3bacpblaHTJIHìíCKHeBOHHCKHe , BbleXaJ106paTHOBJlOHAOH. pa.3AeneHHfl.HPOTHBPa60HHX6bIJIHHanPoneHbIHHPaHCKHeBOMCKa.

TeMBPeMeHeMnpeACTaBHTeJIHKOMnaHHHBblHCKHBaJlHn566一e MHOI'Hepa60que6bIJIHaPeCTOBaHbIH6POUIeHblB(K)PbMYBXOPB03MOXHOCTH,HT06bIOTBJIeqbBHHMaHHeHpaHcK0ro11PaBH•reJIbCTBa peMa6ane.Hau60neeBHAHbIePYKOBOÄHTeJIHpa60HHx6bIJIH

OTcnopa.B3TOMnnaHeOC06eHH0110Koa•reJlbHbl            neHbIBTerepaHcK¶0TIOPbMY, KaKIIPOHJIO,COAeP)KaJIHCbITOJIHCTBaKOMnaHHHBCB¶3HCnePBOMaäCKHMBblCTynneHHeMpa6()HHxB      THqeCKHeIIPOTHBHHKH(e)KHMa冖一一一·


一929r.BA6aAaHe. PYKOBOAH*IZ"IHHaHTJIHÈÍCKHÏ[IOCJIaHHHKIlPeA11PHHflJIH YxeBHagaJIbHbIìÍnepHOAnexreJ1bHOCTHKOMnaHHHB Lie、aKI.IHä,HarlPoneHHbIXHaTO,HT06blHCflOJlb30BaTb

06pa.30Ba.nacb3HaHHTeJIbHaflnoHHCJ1eHHOCTH CKHeC06bITHflYCTpaI.IIeHH9HPaHCKOäBePXYIIIKH.HOMOIAHHKynneHHOI'OnponerapHaTa.KKOHLIY MHPOB0äBOHb一Ha paBJ1¶0L-ueroKOMnaHHHHaK)rer3CCIlPH6bIJ1BTerePaH,C HT06bI IIPH¶THHXKOMnaHHH6bIJIO3aH¶TO9~一0Tb1C.qeJ10BeK,KKOHI_V20, aaTb110Ka.3aHHAHPaHCKOMYIIPaBHTeJIbCTBYOTHOCHTeJlbHO

Haqa-ny30•xro0B,60nee一5THC.BOCHOBHOM3T06bIJIH AeMOHCTPaUHH.Ha 6bIJIHHarlPaBneHbITIOJIHTHqeCKHe0Hepb~H3 HX6aXTHaPCKHX,JIYPCKHXHapa6cKHX a 6bIBUIHe COCTOa6PHTaHCKOiMHCCHH. aHrJIHäCKHXBœHHbIXKOPa6JIfl

PeMeCJ1eHHHKHHpa60HHeH3TerepaHa,H*xaHa,4n0yn H       JIHHaA6aAaHCKOM                                  AHBIHÏCKHÏflOCJIaHHHKHr3CCflbITaJIHCb FHXTOPO0B·KPOMeHpaHI.leBHanpeAnpH¶THqxKOMrraHHH                           BHYUIHTbTeìiMYV18111YMbICJIb0TOM,HTOBOJIHeHHAB

HHAHÏUbI,aTaK)KeaHI'JIHHaHe.yCJIOBH¶TPYAaMeCTHbIX          CTOJI¶OTC0606«ruaTeJ1bHO110ATOTOB.neHHbIiKOMMYHHCTHqeCKHM KaKIIPOHJIO,6bIJIHOHeHbTfl)KeJ1b1MH.3a                    y                                              3aTOBOE))>H'ITO<(BueJIOMKOMMYHHCTHqeCKOeABH)KeHHeBXY3eCTaHe

OHH110JIyqaJIHMH3ePHYiO3apa60THY}0 …OHa6bIJ1aBABa-TPH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                60JIbI.ueHanpaB.neHOnpOTHBnePCHACKHXB.naCTeä,qeMTIP()THBKOM-

poaMeHbI.ne,qeMyPa60HHX-HHAHìiUeB.OC06eHH0HH3KH6bIJIH naHHH>>.HeFIPeMHHYJITIOCJIaHHHKHCflOJIb30BaTb3TOTHHUH,aeHTHB pa60TKHyTexHpaHueB,KOTOPb1XKOMnaHH1HaHHManaHaBpeMeH- aHTHCOB3TCKHXuenqx.OH3aflBHJITeiMYPTaLI.IY, <<3THBOJIHeHHfl>> Hblepa60Tb1冖CTPOHTenbCTBOaoporHT. )冖一0一· HHKOI'AaHeBC11bIXHYJIH,<€CJIH6bInePCHACKOe He

nepBbIe3úCTOBKHH#¶HHKOB6b1JIH0TMeqeHb1 B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n03B0一MIO060CHOBaTbC¶BAXBOeCOBeTCKOMYKOHCYJIbCTBY>>.HO

20,XFOAOB.HaH60neeKPY11HaqH3HHXCOCTOqnaCbB一922r.,

HPaHCKHepa60HHer10Anep)KaJIHBblœryn.neHHe

YBeJIHqeHHA3apa60TH()ÏdnnaTb1. r10AaBJ1eHHA3T0 3a6aCTOBKH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Pa60HHeopraHH3aUHHHHpaHcxagKOMMYHHCTHMCCKagnapTH9(HKfl)BblHY)KneHbI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            6b1JIHyËrHBnonn0J1beB一925r.B一927「·HenemJ1bHO                                Il HKII.

一68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  113aK.65                                                                    169


n 6e6 HnPHHATbIHeKOTOPbIeMepbln OCTOPO H·BqaCTHOCTH,6bIJIHyqpe)K.ueHbIOTAeneHHAHPaHCKOäTaHHOiiTIOJIHAHHHa roro-3ana.,Ae,B30HeAeneJIbHOCTH TO,40BAefiCTBHTeJIbHOCTHOITIYHPYKOBOACTBOKOMHžrrepHa 60J1bU10e3HageHHeC88 e JIHOCTHcpeAHPa60HHXaHI'JIHMCKOÌiH#rqHOÈÍ KOMnaHHH, CBeneHHflMHr.Ara6eKOBa丨Kpyr1Horo geKHCTa,6exaB111eroB一930r.Ha3anaa.reHepan-ry6epHampXY3ec-raHa3aCJIY)KWI0H 6naronapHOCTbpyKOBOAHTeneìiaHrJIHÏCKOMKOMnaHHH3a110MOU.lbBrlOAaB.neHHHa6a.AaHCKHXBOJIHeHHi冖一2一· HBCe KOMnaHHHIlPHUIJIOCbgaCTHHHOYAOB BOPHTb e60, BaHH1nepc0Ha.na,3aHBTOFOHaeenpeAnpHflTHflx:YPOBeHb3apa60THO nnaTbIPa60HHX-HPaHUeB6bIJ1HeCKOJIbKO110BblU.IeH.H3BeCTH0e YAOBJIeTBOPeHHe OJI HO6blJIO110tIYBCTBOBaTbHHPaHCKOenpaBHTeJIbCTBO,no.nyt••lHBu.IeeBKaqeCTBeCBOeäAOJIH3a一929H一930IT.B 06 CJIO>KHOCTH60.nee2·7MJIH. CT.冖一3一·

BMecTecTeMBrlHCbMeOT7aBIYCTa一93一r.K3AMeHYBeAOMHJ1 TeÌiMypTaI.na0KaTeI'OPHqeCKOMOTKa3e11POJIeHHfl nepecMOTpeTbYCJIOBHflKOHAeCCHHA'ApcH.HpaHCKoe11PowreJ1bCTB0He0TCTY、IIWIO,HOCOTJIaCHJlOCb Haqa.naBeCTHnepeI'0Bopb1TOJ1bK0B OTHOLUeHHHMeTOAOBHCHHCJIeHHfl一60•HO AOJIHHpaHa.nepe1'0B0Pbl(e)KAYTeiMypTaweMHK3AMeHOM1.11JIHBLIIBeÈÍuapHH,a'3a•reMB J10HAOHe.BHaqa.neAHBapq一932r.COCT0flJ1aCbHOBaqBc•rpeqaB flapH)Ke.BKOHueKOHAOBBTIPHHI_une6b1J1COrnaCOBaHnpoeKTHOBoroCOrnaIIIeHHflOTHOCHTPJ1bHOHCHHCJIeHHfl一6 ,HO AOJIHHpaHCKOTOIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa.HO,KOI'AaBMae一932r.HpaHCK0e

CTBO11011POCHJIOIIPaBJ1eHHe HarlPOHTbBTerepaHCBOero npeACTOHTenqAJ1flpa3MCHeHH¶HeKOTOPbIXIIYHKTOB KOMnaHHqOTKa.3a.naCbOTnp0AOJl*œHHflnepeI'0BopoB.3H}0HflKOMflaHHfl YBeAOMH.naHpaHCKOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO,HTOKOHUeCCHOHHb1enna•re)KH 3a一93一r.COCTOBTTOJ1bK0306·8THC. CT. 0c0061ueHHe

3B 0pe3KoeHeAOBOJ1bCTBOyHPaHCKHXPYKOBOAH'•reJ1eM, KaKB 一929H一930rr.HpaH                                   AllHKCOUTBVIVTBeHHO一437 丶c· H一288Tb1C. ·CT.KOMnaHHfl05 CH CTOJ1bpe3K0e

CYMM,Bbln.naHHBaeMbIXHPaHCKOMYI'lPaBHTeJIbCTBY,3KOHOMHgeCKHM KPH3HCOMHCOBCTCKOMKOHKYPeHUHeM冖(!)·Bpe3YJlbTa•re K06

0X06-KOMnaHHHHaPbIHKepe3KOYMeHbUIHJIHCb.BTOM rony Bb11UIaTHJIa6pwraHCKOMYnpaBwreJ1bCTBYBKaqeCTBe 0,

XOHoroHa-nora0K0n0一MnH. ·CT,冖一4一·

HpaHcKaaKOHaBTOTnepHOAOCTPOHPKua.naCbB

一70

cpeAcTBax. 3HaHHTeJIbHOeYMeHbIMeHHe 110CTY11JIeHHìiB

CTBeHHbIÏ66 el'MOTJIOOCJIa6HTb(e)KHM.BHO¶6pe一932 Pe3a wax ~一YKa.3aHHeIlPeMbQ-MHHHCTPYMexAH-KOJIHxaHYXeAaflTY O(þHLIHaJIbHOneHOHCHPOBaTbKOHUeCCHOHHOe                    a • qeHHOecA'ApcH.27HO6pMHHHCTP    X.TarH3a,aeHanpaBWIBnpaB.neHHe0HH一bHOeflHCbMO,BKOTOPOMC006u丶a, 510Cb,HTOOTHbIHeHPaHCKOeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBO                                 KOHUeCCHK) A'APCHHeAeäCTBHTeJIbHOMHneHOHCHPOBaHHOi.BITHCbMe

TOBOPHJIOCb,CITO<GCJIHKOMnaHHflBOTJlHLlHeOTIIPOLUJIOTOH3b¶BHT TOTOBHOCTbC06J1kOAaTbHHTePeCb1CTPaHbI...,TOHPaHCKOeIlPaBHTeJ1bCTBOBIlPHHUHIIeHeOTK 0C2OTIlPeAOCToneHHfl HOBOMKOH-

LleCCHH>>.一aeKa6pq一932r. 0aeHOHCaUHH6151006peH

)KJIHCOM,a20 Ka6 YTBeP)KAeHPe3aL.uax0M冖一5一·

BnepHOA060C eHH 0THOU1eHHäHpaHacAllHK6 CMeU.IeH COCBOeronocTaTeiMypraI.II,aegTeJIb,KOTOPbIiHaqHHaqc一925r.

Hrpa-nBOùKHeMu.IYIOPOJIbB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HOCYIueCTBneHHH

CKOÏBHCLUHeÏIIOJIHTHKH.EroOTCTOKaHMeJIaOl'IPeAeJIeHHYiOCB

CHPaHO-aHTJIHÏCKHMHOTHOLIeHH¶MH.                    noOny6JIHKOBaHHbIM8 HpaHeMaTepHUIaM,Bea.qneper0BopbIC   IlPaB.neHH¶ AflHK,TeiMyp•raI.11•raMHO30HAHPOBaJInoqBY0B03MO)KHOCT¶XCOTPYAHHHeCTBaB06naCTHH$HC[IPeACTaBHTeJIflMH

3anaÄHoeBponeMcKHxCTpaHHKOMnaHHä.BblCKa3bIBÜEOCbMHeHHe,

HTO6yTOBKOIÀ)JIHKTec                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   冖HAHFJIHeä)OH6 HaMepeH

IlPOCHTbnopaeP)KKHyCOBVI'CKOTOI'lPaBHTeJ1bCTBa冖一6一·

B一932r.,BOBpeM¶B03BPaI.ueHH¶H33anaAHoäEBI)0flbI, OH [IPOOJI nepeTOBopbICK3AMeHOM,y BMOCKBe COTPYAHHI.IeÏaHFJIHäCKOäCeKËTHOÏCJIY)K6bI6blJInOXHIueHqeMOAaHCAOKYMeHTOfHH3a11HC¶MH.OHHKaCUlHCb BCTpeqnoupaHCKOÏHed)TMHeTOJIbKOCPYKOBOAHTeJI¶MH HOHC0HH , HbIMHIlPeACTaBHTeJIHMHOPaHUHH,rePMaHHBHHTØJIHH•HOYTBep)KAeHHflMHPaHCKHXOTOPOB,OAHOBPeMeHHOBqeMOaaHeHMeJIHCb MaTePHUIbI,CBHAereJ1bCTBYkOI.UHe0TaiHbIXCBf13¶X C COBeTCKOVIpa.3BeAKoÏ,冖Ony6$IHKOBaHHbIeBHpaHeMaTePHaJIbl aaK)TB03M0 HOCTbnpeÃflOJIO)KHTb,MT()aHFJIHHCKOHPa.3BeIlKe6bIJIO H3BeCTHO paHbu.IeOKOHTarraXHPaHCKOTOMHHHCTPaABOPaC COBeTCKHMCOK)30M一OPraHH30BO110XHIIIeHHeYKa3aHHbIXMaTePH-

a-TIOB,aHFJIHäCKagceKpeTHaqCJIY)K6ay6H.naOAHHMBblCTPeJIOM

3aiueB.Bo-nepBblX,IlPaBHTeJ1bCTBYBeJIHK06PHTaHHHCTUIHH3BeCT-

HblTepaaHxapaKTepnepeFOBOPOBTeiMypTaI.uaB3anaAH0iEBpone.

一71

BO-BTOPbIX,AOKYMeHTbI,KOITHHKOTOPb OKa3aJIHCbyLuaxa' HB03, (O)KHOCTbaHI'JIHÏCKOÏAHIIJIOMaTHH110JIHOCTbK)AHCKËAHTHPOBaTbB rna.3axPe3a BJIHATeJIbHOrOflOJTHTHqeCKOrO      e40, BaTeJ1bHOA06HBaBIIIerOCflYBeJIHqeHHA 0X00BHpaHaOTHe(þTHH nepecMOTpaYCJIOBHÏKOHUeCCHH                      B110JIb3YHPaHCKOTOrocynaPCTBa冖一7一·

A6AOJIbXOCeäHTeìíMypTaI-II6UIKPYñHbIM3eMJIeBnaAeJIbueM, IlPeACTaBHTe.neMaPHCTOKPaTHqeCKOrOPOAaH3XOPaCaHa.HOJIYHHJI cneAHaJ1bHoeaKaaeMHHeCKOeBOCHHOC06POOBaHHeBCaHKT-fleTeP6ypre.TIOC.neB03BPaI.ueHHflBHpaHBKJI}OHHJICHBTIOJIHTHqeCKYK) negTeJIbHOCTb.B一909r.CTUIAenyraTOMMeÄ)KJIHCaBTOPOTOC03bIBa. B 一9一8r.6111HOHaqeHnpaBHTeneM KepMaHcKoi IIPOBHHUHH.

B一920r.110J1b30BaJICflIl()JIHTHqeCKOìino ep KO aHI'JIHäCKOäAHI"IJIOMaTHqeCKOìiMHCCHHBHpaHe.BHaqane一923r.BOIIIeJIBCOCTO TIPaBHTeJIbCTBaBKagecTBeMHHHCTPa BTËTbeMnpaBHTenbCTBePe3axaHa,  BCeroOAHHro HCIIOJIHAJI06f13aHHOCTHMHHHCTPaTOPTOBJIHH061.ueCTBeHHOrO6nara冖一8一· C一923r.TehMypTaIIICTUIOAHHMH3aKTHBHbIXCTOPOHHHKOB CMeHbIKaA)KapcKoÏIAHHaCTHHHYTBeP)K.aeHHflPe3axaHaTJIOOìÍ HOBOFOrocyAapcTBa(IllaXOM).HOC.neKOPOHaLlHHPenILIaxaOH6bIJI HOHaqeHMHHHCTPOMABOpaHCTÜIOAHHMH3caMbIX6JIH3KHXeMY CaHOBHHKOB.

AHTH6PHTaHCKHe aeìiCTBHfl 0P0r0 060UIJIHCb TeñMypTaLIIY. Iloc.nenpne3AaBTerepaH,234)eBpaJIfl,OH65m0TCTpaHeHOTrocyaaPCTBeHHb1XaeJ1.24AeKa6Pfl一932r.eroaPeCTOBaJIH.

OOPMaJIbHbIMFIOBO0MTOTO,'ITOrnaBHb1ÈiÞOPHTu.laxaBApyr OKO CBonane,BBHJIOCbPaCKPbITHeeroTaÏHOFOCOTPYAHHqecTBa CCOBeTCKHMHpa.3BeAopraHaMH.OAHaKOr.naBHYK)POJIbBflOAI'OTOBKe HOCYU.IeCTBJ1eHHHeroOTCTPaHeHHflCbIrpaJIOPYKOBOACTBOÖOPHH O(þHCa.OHO6bIJIOKpaìiHe03a60HeH0C006U.IeHHeMaHrJIHüCKOI'OflOC.naHHHKa0TOM,HTOHaXOAHBU.IHMCflno BJIHflHHeMTeiMypTaI.ua I.uax<<HaMePeH)>CAe.naTbHpaHCTpaHOÿi110JIHOCTbžOHe3aBHCHMOVfH 3KOHOMHHeCKHcaM006ecneqeHHOü冖一9一·BHAHMO1.11ax,HCXOAIH3 C06CTBeHHbIXHHTePeCOB,pelliHJ1npeIHTCTBOBaTbpacnpocTpaHeHHE0 CJIYXOB06H3MeHeCBOeroCOPaTHHKa.

HMeHHO1103TOMYTeiMYl)TalIlaIlPHB.neKJIHKcyne6HoiOTBeTCTBeHHOCTHHe3arocyAapcTBeHHYi0H3MeHY,a3anonyqeHHeB3ATKH OT0Horo(I)Y11HOT0Kynua.BH}OHe一933r.OH6 ocyxneHHa IlflTbJleTTžopeMHoro3aKJIK)qeHHfl.BKOHueceHTf16pqToro FOAa

172

3aM.HaPKOMaHHOCTPaHHbIX Jl•KaPaXaH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TerePaHc

KOPOTKHMBM3HTOMHBCTPeqaJlCAcpe3aIllaxOM•OH geHHflMepblHaKOaHHATeiMYPTaU-lY•               3T0

CKOpeeycyry6HJ10[10JIONCHHeTeìíMYPTaLUa•OH6                       B f0PbMeT一 6P 一933 KaKpa•38TeAHH'                                        KapaxaHH 0, AH.ncqBHPaHCKOÏCTOJIHUe• aKTMor6blTb                  no JIH'IHOMYYKa3aHHK)caMOTOIllaxa冖20一·

H3MeHaCBOerocaMoro6JIH3KOTOCOPaTHHKa                                   noe, CTBOBa.naHaPe3a 110CJIeHHUH,aeHTa'CB¶3aHHOTOcMHHHCTPOM

ABOpa,OTHOII.IeHHepe3a KMOCKBe

yXOAC110JIHTHqeCKOHapeHbITeäMYPTalJ-la'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       He

Ha3aAHHäIIJIaHBOIIPOC0                                                                                                                                                                                           KOH HKT

CTBaCAFIHKOCTOUICflHePa3PemeHHbIM.KaK6blJlOOTMeqeHOBbl-

we,Pe3aLl.laxHeroOKPY)KeHHeBOCYLUeCTBneHHHCBOHX

POBHTHB3KOHOMHKH,BqaCTHOCTHCTPOHTeJlbCTBa3aCqeT

CTBeHHOäKOHbIflPOMbII.UJIeHHbIX                                          H                                              B00, PyxeHHbIXCHJIBOKHOeMecTOOTBOÄHJIH0X0 OT                    H00 H, aaHHOeHpe3KOeYMeHbweHHeKOHUeCCHOHHblX               Bb~3B 0y HPaHCKOÈiBePXYII.IKHCHJlbHOe                                     3TOM

HMeTbBBHIV,MT()BTeqeHHe                           Pe3a He                                         ypeIYJIHPOBaTbCAHFJIHeÈÍp TQPHTOPHØ•JIbHbIXH               BonPOCOBB30HeflePCHACKOTO3UlHBaHBXY3eCTaHe• paHbu•lePe3a 1.1JaxHeMOT1103BOIIHTb OTKPbITOFOTIPOTHB060PCTBac

TOBHOBbIXYCJIOBHAX,BKOHue20—00•x 00B·OH6blJIB COCTOflHHHHATHHaKOFÀ)JIHKTC                   OC06eHHO0

CYIueCTBeHHbIX                                                                                                                                                                   H                                                                                                                                                                                                             HHTePeCaXPe)KHMa•

KTOWBpeMeHHHOBbIM(e)KHMY)Ke                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        nePeXHTb

CBOeroCTaHOBneHHfl.                                                                                                                                                                                                     Pe3a                                                                                                                                                                                                             y Oc

nepexonHPaHCKOTO061.UeCTBaHa

OTqaCTH~flPHflOA.neP)KKeBeJlHK06PHTaHHH•B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   HMrOcy-

AapCTBeBeAYI.ueeMecTO

BblMH3KOTOPbIX caM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             rOCYAaPCTBa•冖

HPaHCKOFOHCCneAOBaTeJIfl30xpa               B                                              Pe3a IllaxaMHCJIeHHOCTbKPynHbIX110MeLUHKOBB            He-

CKOJIbKOYBeJIHHHJIaCb.)3aMeTHOMY

JIHTHgeCKOFOcTaI'ycaKPY11HbIX3eMJleBnaÄeJlbl-teB

Hoe3aKOHOAaTeJIbCTBO                             Pe3a 冖2一一· 0 6bIJIaenHHCTBeHHaq06naCTb, 110JIHOCTbK)     MOHaPXY

IlaPJIaMeHT冖MeA)KJIHC)IIPOSBHJI«aKTHBHOCTb)>•

173

3·2·pe3a IlexJIOH a IIOJIHTHKHIIPaBHTeJIb

pe3au.lax6biJIqeJIOBeKOMMU1006Pa30BaHHbIMHorpaHHHeHHbIM· BC.neACTBHe Hero MHOI'He110JIHTHqeCKHe IlP06neMbI OH flbITaJIC¶ pel.uaTbJIHI.IIbnocpeACTBOMrpy60roHaCHJIHfl,Kai",BflPOqeM,H

MHOI'HeIlPeAUIeCTBeHHHKH.TaKHMnyreMOHBHOBb《C06p 一一upaHCKHe3eMJIH110C.ne110MTHIIOJIHOTOpacnaAarocYAapcTBaKaA)KaPOB.

HOTaKHMH)KeCPeACTBaMHOHpacnpaBHJIC¶CAeMOKPaTHqeCKHMH TeqeHH¶MH.BoneeToro,MeA)KJIHC,KOTOPbIìiflBWIC¶OAHHMH3HaH60JIee3HaHHTeJIbHbIXAOCTH)KeHHÈÍKOHCTHIYUHOHHOìiPeBOJlK)LIHH 一905丨一9一一IT.,IllaxnpeBpaTHJ1,KaKTOBOPWIHcaMHHPaHUb1,BHHCTO <<UePeMOHHUIbHOe»                        yqpexaeHHe.EroAenyraTbI6bIJIHJIHmeHbI BblCTynaTbCKaKOä-flH60HHHUHaTHBOÏ.

HMeHHO110JIOBHHqaTOCTbMHOTHX110JlHTHHeCKHX,3KOHOMHqeCKHXHHHbIXMePOIIPHflTHÈÍ,OCYIueCTB.neHHbIXB3110XYIlPaBJIeHHfl Pe3aIl.laxa,CTa-naIIPHHHHOÏHeOAH03HaqHOìiXaPaKTePHCTHKHero HCTOPHqeCKOTO06pa3aBCOB?TCKOäHCTOPHOI'Pa(þHH. BTeqeHHe MHOI'HX.ne•rBCOBeTCKOìiHCTOPHqeCKOMJIHTepa1ypeIIIJIHOCTpbIe AHCKYCCHHOTHOCHTeJIbHOnepeB01)0Ta一2一r.,aTaK)KeCYLAHOCTHH xapaKTepaLUaXCKOÏIB.naCTH.MHeHH¶no3THMB011POCaMCHJIbHOpacXOAWIHCb.AaBaTb06e HB }00606 eH }OHCTOPHqeCKYK)oueHKYLIHXCKOMYHpaHYCOBeTCKHMaBTOPaMCHJIbHOMel.üUIOHXCTpeM.neHHeCOqeTaTbnon06HY}0oueHKYCTeKYUIHM110JIHTHqeCKHMKYPCOMCCCPBOTHOI.neHHHMOHapXHHIleXJIeBH.

CneAye•ryqecTb,HTOcTOAaMHAHKTaTypaPe3amaxanpH06peTanaBCe60JIeePeaKUHOHHbIeqePTbI,HTOC011POBO)KAUIOCbYCHJIeHHeMeroMaHHaKUIbHbIXI'lPerreH3HHHanpeeMcTBeHHOCTberoBJIaCTH AOHC.naMCKHMAHHOTH¶MAXeMeHHAOBH•CaCaHHAOB.BTO BpeM¶ BHaganeCBOeìi110JIHTHqeCKOìÍKapbepblOH 60n5E0eBHHMaHHeCOTPYAHHqeCTBYCPOJIHHHbIMHflOJIHTHHeCKHMHrpynnøpoBKaMH,3aHrpbIBaqn0P06 eCAegTeJIAMH,H3BeCTHbIMHCBOHMHneBOBnepHOABb160POBB(MOKPaTHHeCKHMH1103H)MeAYJIHC(MH·)VC03b1Ba(一923(.),KoraaBHOBb 06pB,30BaHHbIenapTHHBblCTynaJIHCOCBOHMHnporpaMMaMHOTHOCHTeJIbHO6YAYI.uero061.ueCTBeHHO-110JIHTHqeCKOrOPOBHTHAHpaHa, Pe3axaHCOLIIeJIC1CJIHAePaMHHCTOPOHHHKaMHIlPaBOHaLlHOHaJIHCTHI-1eCKOÈiped)OPMaTOPCKOänapTHH《T a 0一一(<<06HOBJ1eHHe»).

BceOHH6blJIHneATeJI¶MH,BblIneAUlHMHHa110JIHTHqeCKYK)apeHYBO BpeMqKOHCTHTY、LIHOHHOäPeBOJI}OUHH.BOJ1bUIHHCTBO3THXJIK)AeäABJlflJIHCbBblXOAUaMHH3COCTOflTeJlbHbIXCJIOeB,110JIYHHBI.MHeBblCI.nee

06pa30BaHHeBeBPOneäCKHXCTPaHaX•HeKOTOPbleH3HHXHMeJlH

6JIH3KHeOTHOI.neHH¶CKaA)KaPCKHMABOPOMHKOHTaKTblC

YCTPeMJIHTHqeCKHe(TeJIbCTBOfHHHOCTPaHHbIX)eHHIJI B《Ta兴a 0a一一·

IllHeCBOeBblPOKeHHeBny6JIHUHCTHHeCKHXBblCTynneHHAXHnporvaMMHbIX3aABJIeHHAX,noCBOeMY                       HXaPaKTePY6blJlH HeOAH03HatIHbIMH.HeKOTOPbIeH3 HarlPHMeP' 0He06XOAHMOCTHC03AaHHBPerYJIflPHblXBOMCK'POBHTHe

CHCTeMbI,BBeneHHeIlPOrpeCCHBHOìíH一0r0B0 CHCTeMbl'POBHTHe Hal.IHOHUIbHOI'OKallHTa.naHTIPOMbILLUIeHHOFOCTPOHTeJIbCTBa,

UIHPeHHeCBeTCKOiCHCTeMbI06Pa30BaHH¶,OTAeneHHePeJlHFHHOT TIOJIHTHKH,OTMeHaKarlHIYJIflUHOHHOFO(e)KHMa'C03AaHHeHaUHO-

H Horo6aHKaH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     BrlPHHUHne,COOTBVTCTBOBUIH

AaJIbHeäI.ueroPOBHTHAHPaHCKOFO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         冖22一·

BTO)KeBpeMflJIHAePbIHCTOPOHHHKH丶丶Ta a 0a BeJIH nponaraHAY                     0B03PO)KAeHHHBeJIHHH¶APeBHerO                                           B3THX IIPH3bIBaqKY11POqeHHK)OCHOBMOHaPXHHH

BCexHPaHI.4eB.OHHaKTHBHO110aaeP)KHBaJIH3aKOHOAaTeJ1bHbIeaKTbl' HanpaB.neHHbIeHaY11POqeHHe1103MH KPYflHbIXqaCTHblXC06CTBeHHHKOBH110MeUIHKOB,an03eTaK)KeHaqaTYK)Pe3aI-uaxOM60P6y

FIPOTHBneBOAeMOKPaTHqeCKHXCHJIHKaPaTeJlbHblX 0B nneMeH. 3TOMHeKOTOPbIeH3JIHAePOB'                           Ha

MYCCOJIHHH,COAeMCTBOBUIHYCTaHOB•neHmOBHpaHeJIHHHOM

blI.uaxa.                                                                                                                                                                                                   —flPH3bIBUIHHapOAK0CB060                                                                                                                                                                     OTOKOB

cyeBQHflHBJIHAHH¶PeaKUHOHHOTOAYXOBeHCTBa冖23一·

MHOTHeH3TIPOI'PaMMHbIXnpeAJlO)KeHHM<<06HOBJleHUeB)>

BOCHOBYIIPOBOAHMOTO11011HTHqeCKOTOKypca•OC06eHHOeMYnoAYLI.IeOKOaJIaCb 0CH HO BJlacTH•CTaB

HOBO AHHaCTHH,OHHeYIVCTHJI                    f103BOJlHBUlerOeMYCTaTb 110JIH011PaBHbIMAHKIZTOPOM.OH He   HHB

napTHÏ,HHqneHOBMeA)KJIHCa.HeKOTOPbIeH3 K冖0       npoKJIaAblBaTbPe3axaHY0P0KJIHHHOÏ BllOC•neACTBHH

CTUIHee)KePTBOdH.

B20,xHOC06eHHOB30,X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       B3KOHOMHqeCKOMM0611.1eCT-

BeHHO-nOJIHTHqeCKOMPOBHTHHHpaHa             qBHble THBHb1enepeMeHb1.B9THTO 6bI OCYlueCTB•neH       Ha

CKYIOCHCTeMYTIPOCBCLUeHHfl,flPOBeaeHbI6YP)KYOHbIeP+PMbIB 06naCTHCYAOflPOH3BOACTBa~TIPHHflTbI                                     KOAeKC KOM-

MepqeCKHä3aKOH,OPraHH30BaHbIHa6YP)KYOHbIXHaqa•naxrocynap-

一75




Ony6JIHKOBaHHb1eHPaKCKHMyqeHb1M A6AaJ1b-KaAePOM OAHOBPeMeHHO aHTJIHMCKOe 11PaBH'1W1bCTB0 HPYKOBOACTBO a,A)KAxapoM,Ha18K)Kep 0MHPaHCKHXHHPaKCKHXOTOPOB OKY竃 AllHKnpeAnpHHflJIH11.10BK00PAHHaUHHBOHXC B

MeHTU1bHbIeaPXHBHbIeMaTePHaJ1blCBHAereJ1bCTBYEOT0TO」HTO,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0THOU1eHHHHpaHa.KaK3a¶BHJ1一9046 一932r.

l€aKMOHOAOJ1bI.neCOXPaHHTbCBOiO3KOHOMHqeCKyOaBTOHO-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     IlPaB.neHH¶KOMnaHHH ·K.3AMeH,OH«onacaercq»,t.rro

PYKOBOACTBO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                HaHTJIHäCKHeB.naCTHÞ(THqeCKHnpe-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CTBYATIHKnpHAe•rcq110npocHTbIlPoyreJIbCTBOBeJIHK06pu.raHHH0

FIATCTBOBUIHypeIYJIHpoBaWff0HPaHO-HPaKCKOTOnorpaHHHHOTOcno-                                            TIOMOI.UHHBMeUIaTeJIbCTBeBKOH(þJIHKTKOMnaHHHcHPaHCKHMnpapa,HO-qepeBaACbBOC110Jib30BaTbC¶HXHePa3ËI.neHHOCTbiO OKa-aa- BH'ItJIbCTBOM.flePBOHaHUIbHO6bI0pe111eH0,·0                B HHRAaBJ1eHHflHaHpaHCKOeI'lPaBwreJ1bCTBO冖28一·110<<HaCTOAHmO>>                                          XOAecnopa6Y4 OCTOaTbCfl<<BT©HH>).OAHaK06b1J10

IlPaBHTeJIbCTBaHpaKaAHBIH¶IIPHHHMa.na8一932「·HenocpeACTBeH-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ecJIHHpaHnpeAIIpHMe•r«aKTbIHaCHJIH¶>>B0THOU1eHHHA11.1—1KHee

HoeyqaCTHeBHPaHO-HPaKCKHXneperoBopaxno110TPaHHHHbIMBon-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               COTPYAHHKOB,TO110JIHTHKa<<HeBMeI.næreJ1bcTBa»6y

pocaM.OAHaKOIIPeACTaBHTeJIHBeJIHK06PHTaHHHM0COAeVICTBOBa-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TaKHM06pa.30M,el.ue 0neHOHCaUHHHPaHCKHM

JIHycneI.nHOMYnepeTOBopoB.He3aaonro40CBOeroCMeU.IeHHR                                      neiCTBYIOIIIeroKOHI.xeCCHOHHOI'OCOI'JIa111eHHflaH1'JIHiCK0enpaBHTehMypTau.Ie06BHHHJ1AHTJIHiOBHXnpeAHaMepeHHOM3aTq-                                             TenbCTBOHAIT-IK,OCBeAOMJIeHHb1e0Hah.qePeHHqx

THBaHHH.9THneper0BopbI6b1JIH30epureHblJIHlIIbB}•ÐOJ1e一937r.,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       popa6aTb1BaJIHCOBMeCTHb1ìí11.naHI'lPOTHBoaeìicTBHaHpaHYH(þaK-

KOrAaBTerepaHe6bIJ1110Ä11HcaHHPaHO-HPaKCKHìi40r0BOPnono THqeCKH1.11JIHHaHarHeraHHeHanPR)KeHHOCTH冖3一一· HHHHbIMBonpocaM.HpaHcKaacropoHa,OAHaKO,He6bIJIaYAOBJIVTBO-

peHaeroYCJIOBH¶MH,OC06eHHOnorpaHHHHoäJIHHHeäB30HepeKH  3·3·ACHOHCaUHA ecHH·B aHO marr-3J1b-Apa6冖29一·                    H3aKJIIOqeHHCHOBOTO

BeJIHK06PHT8HHR aKTHBHO IlPOTHBOAeäCTBOBa.na YCHneHH}O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3HaqeHHe 0X00B0

T103HUHÏHpaHaB30HenepcHAcKOI'03aJIHBaHBpaMOHenegTeJIb-

OCTHHAflHKaKKpa.3BOBpeMAH$flHOroKOH(þJIHKTaB OHOHeH    27HOS6pq一932r.MHHHCTePCTB0 IdpaHaHanpaBHJ10 HHAHH06cY)KaaJICABonpoc0npHT¶3aHHAxHpaHaHaBaxpeäHcKHe                         TIPeACTaBHTeJI}OAl"lHKBTerepaHeHOTY,BKOTOPO C006 oc 0

OCTPOBa.B0 6pe 32r.OOPHH*cnpeACTOHJ1CBOHnpeano-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               neHOHCaUHHHPaHCKHMIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOMBblAaHH0ìiB一90一r.

)KeHHR0110JIHTHqeCKOäJIHHHHBOTHOUIeHHHHpaHa.B3TOMAOKY-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       KOHUeCCHH冖32一·

MeHTe110AqepKHBUIaCb0C06 POJIb30HblflepcHAcKOT03UIHBa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             30HOA6pqaHrJIHäCKHäKa6HHer06cy IIOJIHTHKYB

bPHTaHCKOÏHMnePHH.EroaBTOPblOTMeqaJIH,CITOIIPOMbIUl.neHHagH HHHHpaHa.BceqneHbIKa6HHera npe)KHee 0 KOMMePHeCKaqAegTeJIbHOCTbAflHKHMeeT«orp0MHoe3HaqeHHe JI TIPOBeAeHHHxecTKOI'0Kypca.2AeKa6pqMHHHCTQCTBYHHOC•rpaHHMnePHH>).BMec•reCTebfOHHCHHTUIHB03MO)KHbIMnepeAaTbBonpoc HbIX e HpaHa•6bIJIaHanpaBJleHaHOTaCpe3KHMnpo•recTOMno 0BaxpeäHCKHX0 0B HapacCMOTpeHHe(e)Kea.YHap011HOT0cyna. TIOBOAYAeHOHCaUHHKOHAeCCHHA'APCH.HomcoAepxa.na0TKPbl'IYK) OAHaKOFOCYAaPCTBeHHbIÈiceKperapbrlPaBHTeJIbCTBabPHTaHCKOìi yrp03Y.B TOBOPHJIOCb,0rlPaBH'reJ1bcTB0,BeJIHK06pwraHHH

HHAHHC3M}03J1roe3HeprHHH0B03P FIPOTHB3T0r0npWIO)Ke-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           丶丶I'lPHMerBCeHe06XOAHMbIe3aKOHHbIeMepbl>)

HHfl.roe,no06H0MHOTHMeroKOJIne18M,6-TIPHBep)KeHueMKOH—                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CKHXHHTeËCOBBHpaHe.AHrJIHìiCKOe11PaBHTCJ1bCTB0,

Ue11UHHKep30Ha,COCTOflBI.neÈiBTOM, npe06naAaHHeB30He                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     OCBHOTC,He110TeprIHTHHKaKHX

CHACKOTO3UIHBaHBHpaHeHMWTnepBoc•reneHHoe3HaqeHHeD.JIR HMY1.ueCTBYAl'IHK冖33一·BOTBeTHOäHOTeHPaHCKHäMHHHCTPBHOCOXPaHeHHRaffiJIHäCKOTOrocnoncTBaBHHÄHH.HCXOA¶H33T0KOH-  CTPaHHbIXaeJIMoxaMMeAAJIHxaHOOPYI'H pa-3Han()MHHJ1, 0 UenUHH,OHHaCTOäHHBOBblclyna.n3at10CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO*CCTKHÏ        HpaHCKOe IIPaBHTeJIbCTBO CLIHTae•T                     Bl'lpoe aHHYJIHPOBaTb KYPC OTHOI.neHHHHpaHaCTeM,MT06blHeAOnyCTHTbH3MeHeHH¶                                 KOHI.IeCCmO.

eraTYC-KB0BperHOHe.2HOR6pg一932r.aHTJIHiCKHäKa6HHe•r                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        8 6 一932r.MHHHCTPYHHOCTPaHHb1xneJ1HpaHa6bIna

110JIO)KeHHeBKaqecTBeOCHOBbI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 He一aeäCTBHä冖30一·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LleHaHOBaqaHTJIHiCKaqHOTa.BHeìinporreJ1bCTB0BeJIHK06PHTaHHH

178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      179


3 O,"ITOecJIHHPaHCKOePYKOBOACTBO 0一5aeKa6pqHeOTMeHHT CBOeroPeweHHfl06aHHYJIHPOBaHHH KOHI-teCCHH'TO <<11PaBHIWIbCTBOEroB?JIHHeCTBaKO Jl Be•RHK06PHTaHHH6YAeTBbleHOBCPOHHOM[10PflAKenePeAaTbAe00CllOP%B03HHKl•ueM HHMHHPaHCKHMflPaBHTPJ1bCTBOMOTHOCHTeJlbHO3aKOHHOCTH AeäCTBHAHpaHCKOTOrlPaBHTPJIbCTBa,HaPaCCMOTËHHe

Braare»•B3aKJIžOHH'lZTlbHOìi                   HOTbl 11PaBH'EJ1bCTB0Be.JIHK06PH'18HHHHOBbByrpo 0HpaHY冖34一·

COrnaCHOAaHHbIMaHI'JIHÏCKOrOTOCy,aaPCTBeHHOrOaPXHBa,JIOHAOHCKHeTIOJIHTHKHCePbe3HO06CY)KAUlHBOIIPOC0BœHHblX

IIPOTHBHpaHa.OAHaKO60J1bUlHHCTBOqneHOBKa6HHeTaBblCTY11HflH IIPOTHB3T0r0·OHHMOTHBHPOBUIHCBOiO1103HUHŒOTeM,LITOnepe6POCKaBOHHCKHXqaCTeiH3HHÄHHH B30HYnePCHACKOTO 3aJIHBaBb130Ber3HaqHTeJIbHbIePaCXOAbI. OnaCUIHCbBOMO , HO non.aePKKHHpaHaCOBeTCKHMC01030M…OHHytBeP)K,IWIH'HTO YCJIOBHRCOBeTCK0-HPaHCKHXAOr0BOPOB一92一r•H一927r•8 aT npaBOBYE0OCHOBY110A06HblX 8CTOPOHb1CCCP冖35一· TeMHeMeHee,CueJIb}OAeMOHCTPaUHHCHJIbIB30HYflePCHACKCTO 3aJIHBa66m0HanpaB.neH0HeCKOJIbKOKOPa6J1eiaHrJIHìiCKOrOBOeHHOMOPCKOTO 冖36一·

y 036LOAHaKO,HeTIPOH3BeJIHHa 0C060r0BneqameHHfl• 一一AeKa6pqHpaHCKOeIIPaBHTeJ1bCTBOHanpaBHJIOBJIOHAOHOTBeTHYEOHOTY.BHenTOBOPHJIOCb,HTOBblAaqaKOHUeCCHHA'APCH«pacTorrana3aKOHHbIeCTPaHbI>>.《 aKOHUeCCHfl, OTMeH8JIOCb Aa.nee,,6bIJIanonyqeHaBTOTnePHOA,KOrAa,K(O)KœneHHfO, Bbl11006H XKOHUeCCHäBbTOAbIHHHTePeCbICTPaHbIBOBHHMaHueHeFIPHHHMaJIHCb. Tep•4KOHIÅeCCHOHePbl3JIOYflOTPe6J19JIH HeKOMnereHTHOCTbhOnpaBflIIlHxKPYTOB冖HpaHa.~CA.一·HOMHMO 3T0r0 npH06pe•reHHflKOHLIeCCHäBTeBPeMeHaflPHMeHflJlHCbyrpo3酽-HAaBneHHe»冖37一·OTMCTHBHapYI.neHHeKOM11aHHeÏMHOFHX[IPHHUH11HUIbHblXYCJIOBHÏKOHUeCCHOHHOTOCOTJ1aweHHfl,HPaHCKOenpaBHTeJ1bCTBOCINer.IHU1bHOOCT8HOBWIOCbHaBOTlPOCe06HrHOPHPOBaHHH HPaHCKHX3aKOHOB.B一930 YKa3b1BaJ10CbBHŒre,BHpaHe6b1J1 IIPHHRT3aKOH0no,0X0HOMHa.JIOræ,H,HeCMOTP¶HaHeOÃHOKPaTHbIe 06paIueHHqHPaHCKHX a PYKOBOACTBO TIËMTCTBOB?JIO pacnpocerpaHeHH}0 aeiCTBHRHanËAflPHflTHflKOMnaHHH.OHaTaK0TKa3bIBaercqn40 B HpaHYB03MO)KHOCTb11POBePHTbee (þHHaHCOBYEO HOCT LITOIlPeAYCMOTPeHOCOrnaweHHeM,3a • qeHHb1M ATIHKHHPaHOM22 Ka6 一920「·BMetnaTeJ1bCTB0


180

aHI'JIHÏCKOI'OnpaBHTeJIbCTBaHB03HHKU.IHÏ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             、HpaHOMH

KOH(þJIHKT,OTMeHUIOCbBHOTe, 60J1eeYCyry6HJIOCYU.IeCTBOBO1.11HePa.3HOT.naCHA.HPaHCKOeIlPaBH'EJIbCTBO B O, 0

ce6qBnpoeAOBeCTH 0CBeneHH9COBeraJIHI'HHal-IHä yrponxH AO.neHHH,npeAnPHHHMaeMbIXBOTHOUIeHHHHpaHD.OHOOTKa3UIOCb IlPH3HaTb                                            (e)K,WHaPOAHOTO                                   paccMOTpeHH¶ CTPeMflCb(B03HHKmeTOKOHÞdKTa)npe1vnpeAHTb(冖38一·)aKAHK)HpaHa,AHTJIH¶ 一4AeKa6pq 一932r.HanpaBHJ1aBJIHryHauHÏ 06YHaHpaH,nPaBHTeJ1bCTB0 KOTOPOTO K06 CBOHMHneiCTBHAMHyr•poxaerBCe06LIleMY'MHW. 一8neKa6pgJIHra                                 06PaTHJ1aCbK06eHMCTPaHO•fcnpoc60 H36exaTb            HpaHcKoeIlPaBHTeJIbCTBOBCBOeMOTBe•reOT 一9AeKa6pg,COrnaCHBLUHCbHacoxpaHeHHeCTaTYC-KBO,OAHOBPeMeHHOBblCKoaJIOCbIIPOTHB 0                                            BCOBerJIHrH Hal.IHÏ.TeMHeMeHee,OTCTYIIHBOTnepBOHatWIbHO3aHTO 1103HLIHH,IlPaBHTeJIbCTBOHpaHaCOr.naCHJIOCbHanpaBHTbCBOiO

LIHiOBXeHeBY, npeacTOM10PaccMOTpeHHeBonpoca0KOH(þJIHKTe.EeB03rnaBHJ1MHHHCTPIOCTHUHHAJIHAK6epAaBep.BAeneraBXOAHJIHTag..xeyrIPaBJ19ÆOI.uHäHaUHOHUIbHblM6aHKOMXoceäH AnaH3KcnepTB06.naCTH(e)KAYHaPOAHOI'O                              Hacponna3HTe3aM.PYKOBOAHTe.neMaHFJIHäCKOìiAe.neraI.IHH6bIJIFOCYAaPCTBeHHbIÈi MHHMCTPHHOCTPaHHbIX                 OHCahMOH冖39一·

B CBOeM BblCTYfl.neHHH Ha3aceAaHHH CowraJIHTH HauHÏ 冖26flHBapg一933(.)MHHHCTPI'lb1TaJICfloxapaKTepH30BaTbAeneJIbHOCTb                        qyrb HeKaK6naTOTBOPHTeJlbHYfO.

Bblœwn.neHHewpaHCKOroMHHHCTPa                    6bIJIOAPKHMHapryMeHTHPOBaHHbIM.rnaBaHPaHCKOìiAeneraUHH3a¶BHJI,'ITO                                            C AllHKflBJ1ßTCSBHYIPeHHHMAeJIOMHpaHa,HHTOnpaBHTeJ1bCTBO BeJIHK06PHTaHHHCBOHMHe3aKOHHbIMBMeLIfflTeJIbCTBOMnocqraer(Ha cyBepeHHbIenpoaHPaHCKOIAOrocyAapcTBa.                 YKa.3an,I-ITO, 110MHeHHhOeroTIPaBHTeJIbCTBa,pacCMOTpeHHe  HeBXOAHT BKOMne•reHLIHhOJIHTHHauHÈi.IIPeACTaBHTeJIbHpaHa,06BHHHBAHI'BHC110JIb30BaHHHKOJIOHHUIbHbIXM040B «ypeIYJIHpoBaHHq»CKOUI…丶丶K(O)KaneHHŒO,KOHUeCCHq,KOTOpaq6bIna nonyqeHayHpaHaB3noxyyrpmeHH¶HHaCHJIHqTIPH110MOLUH He6naFOBHAHbIXcpeACTB,HbIHeCTaHOBHTC1npeAJ10TOM naB.neHHIHaHpaH,HcerOAHqBHOBbBonpoc,B.XOĶIIIHìiBKOMnereHI.lHrO HpaHCKOTOIlPaBHTeJIbCTBa, 110BO0M BMeI.naTeJIbCTBaaHTJIHÈiCKOFOnpaBHIWIbCTBa,LITOHaHOCHTYLuep6aBTOPHTeryrocyAap-

181





BPaCCMaTPHBaeMbIì*nepHOAAeMOKPaTHqeCKOeABH)KeHHeBHpaHe BHeIIIHeropTOBbIä                                  HPaHCKOellPaBHTeJlbCTBO110KPblBUlOB 6bIJIOBOCHOBHOM3a,aaBJIeHO.HanpoTHB,0 0 Pe3aIllaxaOTnepBO-                      3TOTnepHOAH3BUIiOTHbIX OH0B·06PoyeMblX3acqeTHe(þTAHblX HaqaJ1bHO3aHTO 1103HI.lHh06BflCHflJICfl,npe)KAeBCero,TPM,HTO        yqeCTbTO                                       C03AaHHbleBO

OTIHPaTbCflHaUIHPOKYiO06ueCTBeHHOCTb,HaHapOAHOeABH)KeHHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              BTOPOÏ110JIOBHHe20,XrO0BUeJlHKOMH3KOHUeCCHOHHbIX

OHHe HT05blHeB035Y aTUIHPOKHeMOCbI,IIPaBHTeJ1bCTBO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3anacHbIeBamOTHbIe OHAb一6blJlHHCflOJlb30BaHbIKaK6a•3a

BenonepeI'0BopbI0H$H,KaK6IJIOOTMegeHO,Brny60KOÈÍTaìiHe,     BeneHHflAeHe)KHOÏ                                  MePOllPHflTH¶,HMeBl•nerOnePBOCTeHpaHCKa.qnpeccanpe110AHocw:a3aKJI}OqeHHecor.na-                                 neHHOe3HaqeHHe JI CTaHOBJIeHHflKanHTUlHCTHqeCKOÏ

11.1eHHRC KaK3HaHHTeJIbHblìíycnex.HOMHMO3T0r0·YC'IYflKH CHCTeMbIBcTpaHe.KaKH3BeCTHO' Ha CHCTeMY HpaHa6bIJIHBb13BaHbICe 一十H06CTOneJ1bCTBOfH.•IIPaBH'IPJIb- HpaHCKOeFIPaBHTeJIbCTBO,110MHMOBCeFO'BblKYllHJIOnpa•BO3MHCCHH CTBOPe3aIl-taxaB3TOTnepHOAKpaHHe(Y)KA 0C5BBUIiOTHbIX110- 6aHKHOTyaHTJIHiCKOTO11.1aXHHInaXCKOTO6aHKa•

CTYTIJIeHHflXOTr*HaBCJIYHaepa-3pbIBaCAHrJIHeìiHpaHJIHUIHJI-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   BMec-reCTeM,COBUTCKHìiHPaHHCT rJI 04e OTBePraJlKaK

6一3THXnoerynneHHiHa60.neeWIHMeHeeTIPOÄOJI)KHTeJIbHbIÏI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                He060CHOBaHHOe110JIO*CHHeaffiJlHìiCKOrOHCCneAOBaTeJIS X•

CPOK…BTO BpeMfl,Pe3au.laxHeroOKPY)KeHHe,BCJIyqae110JIHOF0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PHrra0TOM,9T0 0X0 OT <<CTUIHHe06XOAHMbIMH

popbIBaCaHTJIHìiCKOÏKOMnaHHeä,OC06eHHOnocneCMeI.UeHHflH 6WIbHOCTHHÞ(THgeCKH caMOroCYLUeCTBOBaHHSrOCYAaPCTBaH apeCTaMHHHCTPaABOpaTeiMypTau.Ia,HeHMeJIHHHKaKHXaJIbTepHa- IlPeACTaBJIWIHC060 TJIOHYK)qacTbnePCHACKHX 0X00BH3BCex

THBHbIXmaHOBBOTHOI.neHHHHPaHCKOìi                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  H,HaKOHeI.l,H3BeCT-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HCTOHHHKOB>>.TaKOeYTBeP)K.aeHHe,no MHeHHiO'

HoeBJIHflHHeHaXO nepeTOBopoB,BHAHMO,0Ka.3aJIa,KaKOTMeHUIOCb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AOKa.3aTb6narOTBOPHOCTbB03AeäCTBHSHaHPaHCKYlO3KOH0,

BHpaHOBeAgecKOìiJIHTepa1ype,yrpœaHHTePBeHI.IHHCOCTOPOHbI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 MHKYHHOCTPaHHOTOKarlHTa•naH'B                                                        06enHTb

BeJIHKOÕPHTaHHH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    HYK)AegTeJIbHOCTb                                                                                                                                               BCTPaHe»•OH MTOB

OAHHMCJIOBOM,Bpe3YJIbTaTe3aK.mOqeHHflCHPaHOMCOFJIaU.Ie-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CTBecnyqaeBKOHUeCCHOHHbIen•naTe)KH                                         B006 eHe

HHA一933r.AllHKYKpenH.naCBOeMOHOnOJ1bHOenpaB0Hapopa60T- BUIHCbHaPOBHTHeTIPOH3BOAHTeJIbHbIXCHJIH OCHOBHblMHCKY60raTeä111HXH$AHbIXMeCTOPO)KneHHäHa HpaHa. TOHHHKOM POCTa TOCyaaPCTBeHHbIX 0X00BHpaHa BOBTOPOM

6b1CTPb1MHT•eMnaMHHapau.1HBaJIaCBOH11POH3BOACTBeH-                       110JIOBHHe20,Xro0BHB30•erO6blJlH                        110CTyn•neHH¶• HbleMOLAHOCTH.3HaHHTeJIbHOYBeJIHHHJ1aCb 06 BOTKPb1-                                        TIPH3TOM                                        3KOHOMHqeCKHX

TbIXB20•xro MeCTOPO)KaeHHflXX$renbH ECJIHB CTBa06eCneHHBUIOCb«rnaBHbIM06PN083a KOCBeH一933r. 06IMaHeÞ•1COCTaBJI¶JIa7MJIH.T,TOB一938r.OHaAOCTHT- Horo060兴eHH·BCeìiCBOeìiTfl)KeCTbfO HaLUHPOKHeHana一9MJIH.T.Eue60J1ee6bICTPbIMHTeMnaMHPOCJIHI-IHCTb1e40X0bl POAHb1eMaccbl)>冖48一· UHTHPOBaHH0eYTBeP)K•ueHHeB'C•

KOMnaHHH.B一933r.OHMBblPa)KUIHCbBCYMMe2·7MJIH. CT.,aB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 XOAeAaOTHOCHTeJIbHOMecTaKOCBeHHbIX                                   BHPaHCKHX

一938r·Ⅰ6·一                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         caxnepHOAaI'lPaBJIeHHflPe3a                                                         TeMHe

BTO BpeMfl,ecJIHyqeCTbI-ITO30·eFOAbICTUIHBpep,4eHeM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            He3 COT.naCHTbCAC 11011blTKOäI'lPHHH)KeHH¶

aKTHBHOI'OBMeI.naTeJIbCTBaHpaHCKOI'OIIPaBHTeJIbCTBaBAexreJ1b-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             HblXnnaTe)KeÏ,nonyqaeMbIXOT                                                            9THn•naTe)KH

HOCTb3KOHOMHqeCKOi*Pbl,TO3HaqeHHePOCTaAOXOAOBOTHe(þTH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        qpe3BbIqaiHOBOKHOe3HaqeHHe B03PO)KAeHH¶

WI*TOCYAaPCTBeHHblX(þHHaHCOBHpaHaCTaHVTOHeBHAHbIM.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    TOHPaHCKOrOTOCYAaPCTBaH'OC06eHHO'

3a20.ne•r,B一92一,一94一rr.,noc•rynJ1eHHgHpaHa He(þTHco-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   CHJIOBOÏonopbl(e)KHMa丨apMHH•C                           30•XrO0B·Ha

CTOHJIH0K0035MJIH. ·CT.,rlPHqeM60nu.IYEOqaCTbIl()œrynneHHìi                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HHH110HTHBCeroneCflTHJIeTHS,                                               2MJIH• ·CT'

HpaHnonyqa.nBOBTOPOìinOJ10BHHe20-xHB30-xro · HpaHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            110CTynneHHiPaCXOAOBUIHCbBHe05 56 eTaHa

•rexBpeMeH 061110CYMMOM3HaHHTeJ1bHOi,ecJIHIlPHHflTbBOBHH-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     HHeBOOPY)KeHHIHBOeHHOrOCHaPR)KeHHR•

MaHHe,LITO3aYKa3aHHbIeISOAbIHaCTPOHTeJIbCTBOnpeAnpHRTHM a6,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           H3BeCTHOe110JIO)KHTeJIbHOeB03AeäCTBHeHaCOCTO¶HHe

PHHHO-3aBOACKOinPOMbIUlJIeHHOCTH6IJIOHCTpaqeH0一6MJIH. ·CT.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CKHX4)HHaHCOBOKO 0B20,X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PaCUlHPeHHe                                                                             c

187

;6


HPaHCKOVi3KOHOMHKOäBHe   OAHaKOB 30•XTOAaxKOMnaHHRB3fl.naKYpcHa                              CBq3eH… CKOKAbIMr040MBCe

MOäKOM11aHHeìÍHaHPaHCKOM b1HKe.PECJIHB一92324r•H一925~26r•BUIž0THb1epacXOAb1 B IdpaHeB1940COCTOJIRJIH41rr.丨一252T266一·H2CT.,992一Tb1C•33Tb1C.CT"H65TO一BTbiC•一936丶37CT'·一938COOTB丶09H, CTBeHHO冖49一·KOM11aHHR He06XOAHMble Hee CTPOHTeJ1bHbIeMaTePHUIbl,flPOAOBOJlbCTBHeHT• B

3TOTnepHOA3anpeaenaMHHpaHa•

BKOHLle30丨Xro0BnPOH30UIJlHOllPeaeneHHbIe B

Al'IHK冖c一935r. AHrJ10-HpaHCKa,qKOMnaHHfl'HHK)AcHPaHCKHM PbIHKOMB06naCTHflOCTOOKBTOM' 8 20,X AaHBTeqeHHe

HPaHCKOTOPblHKaB8OCHOBHOM3a CWTHMnopra,rnaBHbIM06pa30MH3 CO3a·f103TOMYB

KOHue20-x340B·H086eHH0 BPeMflneper0B0p0B一932~一933「

HPaHCKHeBJIaCTHHaCTaHBaJIHHaTOM'qT06bl

CBOHIIOCTOKHHaHPaHCKHìiPblHOK• 0TPe60BaHHe66m0 B KOHUeCCHOHHOMCOTJ1aI.neHHH一933r•PYKOBOACTBOKOMnaHHHB3no Hace6q06R3aTCJ1bCTBOPaCUIHPHTbc6blTH$ellPOAYKTOBB c •reMMT06bICOBpeMeHeMTIOJIHOCTMO flOTPe6HOCTHHPaHCKOFOPb1HKa.IIPH 0MCT•XIX冖 HKTB)cornauxeHH¶npenycMaTPHBana,HTOrOCYAaPCTBeHHbIMIlPeAflPH¶THAMAflHKAOfl)KHac6blBaTbH$enPOAYKTblCOCKHAKOMB25·aqaCTHblMJIHuaM,B一0.

OAHaKO,COrnaCHOnpeaM6yneCT•XIX'600BbleueHbl冖6e3cKHAOK)

Hapea.JIH3yeMbIeKOM11aHHeÿiHaHPaHCKOMPblHKe AOJ1)KHbI6bIJTHYCTaHaBJIHBaTbCRBCOOTBVTCTBHHC

BYiOUlHMHB30HeMeKCHKaHCKOrO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               B

Toro,KaKHeH3HHXOKC(H)Ke•ECJIH

YCTaHaBJIHBUIOBblCOKHe6a30BbleueHblHa    冖BMHPOBblXueHaxHa                               HaKOTOPble                                       OPHeHTHPOBUlOCb' YHHTbIBUIHCbHTpaHC[10PTHble          TO

npH06pe•raTbHe(þTe11POAYKrbInoBblCOKOäI-IeHe•TaKHM06POOM'

npenycMOTpeHHaqCOrnaI.neHHeMCKHAKa8

cTeneHHYAOBneTBOPeHHA110TPe6HOCTeäHPaHCKOrOPblHKaK

He30,Xro0BKOMI"IaHHei6bIJIH110CTPOeHblHe60JlbLlOä

TOHHbIä3a30 BKePMaHU.IØ•XeH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                yCTaHOBKa

188

H$l.uaxe.TeMHeMOH00·00 一90r•H3一02 T

JIOCbY400Ha·Pea.flH30BaHHbIX0n6HMflOPTa•HHaHPaHCKOMK一908pbIHKe'44·0|52T·5Tb1C.,aB

HeTenpo 、0BTbIC.POHflJ10CbT.OCHOBHbIMH48'一TblC• B一927r•

1939r. 253

6bIJIHTe、epaH· eHTP -HbleH0000PHH0TIPOBHHUHHcTpaHbI• 」 AOCTOKH                                        B                                             HpaHHB                                   KOM-

naHHflnon00B ac                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0P0r0·a

TOUHCTePHaMH.K一0~0r•KOMnaHHfl0、KOH一UIa0000YeHHe

n0000 AKBO—TerepaHn00 0 0 0ng00000 一00 一0·」00, TenPOÄYKTOB0T000TOP0、0He、0Tenpo·H、0、MOKax一944HOCTr•6-200Ino3aBePI-IIeHOT 00冖00OHTeJI一· -,

Pacu.IHpeHHeB00,X 0

KOMnaHHHHMeJIOCJleACTBHeM                  POCT                                           pa60LIHXTO一H00Ty0·upaHueB'一 Ha0000H00HOMpOqB一009一一020r•HaHHHHXH6-00mOH0H00一200, aHI'JIHqaH.CKO0 H$flHHKHBMecTe6blJlHcaMbIMcTeMyCTaHOBneHHbIe3HaHHTeJ1bHbIM0Ha 0MHpaH-

冖00n00THa000(THflXKOMTIaHHH)Hue(C)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     、0060T(HPaHCKHX)eHHbIxOpaHH3auH·0、np

AeMOHCTPaI.4HìiC00aTbCBOK)OPraHH3a14HhO'HT'(•) cnoc06 60POT6C 3aB03MO*HOCTHHe MaTPPHUIbHOTOMecTHbIeBJIaCTH,H00 -HO、0nonOH eHH一                            KTOMYTec-0 Hoe00 yHHqeCTBO                        WKOBO0T00MA乛美HHPaHCKHMH BJIaCTflMH6bUIOABJIeHHeM      eCTeCTBeHHbIM'                                   BO BHHMaHHeIlPOHCXOAHBIJJHeB                         *H3HH IlePeMeHbI•

3·4·Pe3amaxcKanAHKTaTYPa

BOKHOÏOC06eHHOCTbiO

HaBOBTOPOM110JlOBHHe20,xH30,x                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   yCWIeHHenHqHOH

AHKraTYPblP000 0 0E00KTOMY 00 nepHOA

IllHM3eMJ'IeB.naAeJIbUeM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    pe'3a BCe                                                                                                                                                                                    3HaqeHHe

B011POCOf60P65Hc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           c                                                                                                                                                                     H

IlPOKOMMYHHCTHqeCKHMH3aHHMUIOCbrnaBHOeYTlPaBJleHHe TO冖 OC06eHHO PaCI.IJHPH.nHCb、na、H00YTIPaBJIeHHeHYKPellWlHCb、000、一 eHep 0一一q00K0 KOXOceiHxaHAMT)YMJIY.OH6 H3BeCTHOrO

;9




丶丶、0X0 000EOHOHHO、0nepexo0OT00 -HO0600T、eHHO CHCTeMblKHOBOM'                                冖58一·

BTO 0BËMApe3a H0、0KPY)KeHHeO、0、TOPO non0BHHe 0、0∕00P」00n00、(30•Xro0B6blJIH03a60qeH)   ;00Hn00 eHHe(HOBOro) ∕00:400AHI'JIHeinoBOIIPOCY                                     aTaK)KeB

HbIX0 0H0n00-cnopaxKB00H0OCTH                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3anHBa'HpaHCKOe0                                                                                                                             TeM

60neeqTOpe3awaxyH 6JIH3KOMY

rlPOB03JI、meHHOe                 n400n0aMHn00040HOYqH00 HHe0n00000X00」00 0、                      pacaMH• :-

Hal-IHOHUIHCTHgeCKHHMOHaPXHqeCKHH、0 oeHHx HCTOPHKOBH 0、00、3TOT 60nbwHe

CTeMHT06 COOTHeCTH                                                                                                                                                                                                                      OCHOBbI                                                                                                                                                                                TeopHHrepMaH-

0K0HO,MO=、、q0PXH」Þ.LIH3Ma03T、00000HH0TeH0eHu、00n00、、0AXOMOH040006PN0HCTOPHH、、HH n00C000H、0、040Te、·X000000HOK0HpaHCKHX000· nepBO、0OTKPbITHe(YHHBePCHTen3HaHHTeJlbHO)HHBePCHTeraYBCTOJIHueHpaHaBcePeAHHe

30•Xr040B61310BOKHblMKYJlbTYPHbIMC06bITHeMBHCTOPHH

Hbl.BnepBbIe、04H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                TerePaHCKOrO

HoeM00T03aHHMUlO                                                                                                                                                                                                        H                                                                                                                                                                               HCTOPHHH

'HHIP00H0、0HcpeHeBeKOBO、0 Kp、60T0、 rpynna                                          nepBO0 、0

3T0 06naCTH6blJlH                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3aPy6e)KHbIe

yqe6HO、00、BeeHH H                               ny6JIHUHCTOB                                     KaK 、H00005H0」T、HAeH.HallIHPaCCMaTPHBaq              n0P0n40K0nepcOB冖HpaHueB)•Hp、Hc0 HaHO• (H))aPHiUaMH,      WIHP00K0                                        XaPaKTePH3Yfl nocne(K)一一03HaHHTeJlbHble3THO-PaCOBbIenePeMeHbl、cOCTaBe HaCeJIeHHflCTpaHbl'OHh                     n4060He06XOAHMOCTH丶丶000• CTaHOBJIeHHfl>>eAHHOro36一 HKYJlbTYPHOrOrlPOCTPaHCTBano

BceäCTPaHe冖59一·

penmaxH 6JlH3KHeCOPaTHHKH 3一 OHuerIIIHiO.K 60 00T00HH0·KYJI-TYPHO、0a3H006-p pc、3H0 0HHAeiO、HblH、00P0 eHH MOHaPXHqeCKOrOHnaHHPaHH3Ma04nH0、 、 OHHM 000Wn400:0、Hen0M、3000 · g00 HAeonorHH•OJIHB6bIJIH00000Y0」00T=、0qT-000、

192

HCKJIO•IHTeJIbHOHanePCHACKOM93bIKe.COBPeMeHeM6blJIH3aKPb1Tb1 BCeTeyqe6HbIe3aBeAeHHR, IlPeII()AoaHHeBWIOCbHeHanepcHA-

CKOMf13bIKe.

OTMeTHMeu.leOAHHJIE060flbITHbliaCneKTIIOJIHTHKHpe3a

刂npoBeAeHHe                          BC(þepe0e b一·bblJlHOTMeHeHblHauuoHUIbHbIeKOCTK)MbI.CTPOTOOTPaHHHHBaJIOCbnpaBOHaHOUIeHHeTpaAHAHOHHOÏMYCYJIbMaHCKOÈi0e bl, BOeHHOCJIY)KaUlHXhHHHOBHHKOB6bIJIBBeneH0C06M TOJIOBH()VIy60P丨«neXJ1eBH>),110op, MeHarlOMHHaK)II.IHi(þpaHIV3cKYi0BblCOKY*OI.uaIIKYCK03b1PbKOM.

04e blBb13Ba.na60n6E0eHeaOBOJIbCTBOyKOqeBb1X

06LUeCTB,TIOCKOJIbKY HHXKOCTK)MHTOJIOBHOÏy60PHCf10KOH

BeKOBflBJIflJIHCb3HaKOMHX3THHqeCKOìáHAeHTHHHOCTH冖60一·

HOBCe06CT0noKyaa(Y)Ke,qeMnePBOHaqUIbHOnpeacraBJ1qJIOCbKOqeBHHKaM.BCKOpeCTUIOH3BeCTHO,LITO110JIHTHKape3a

BOTHOUIeHHHnneMeH,KKOTOPO OHIIPHC'IYIIHJI Hanoc、 BOeHHOTOMHHHCTPaHnpeMbepa,HMeeTna.neK()                                  ueJIH.BO BpeMfl6eceAbICOAHHMH3BeCTHbIMPenHFH03HbIMaBTOPHTeTOM

3a¶BHJI,HTOHOfepeHA06HBaTbCflHeTOJIbKOIIOJIHOI'OpoopY)KeHHfl KOqeBbIX061.UeCTB,HOHKaPAHHaJIbHOI'OH3MeHeHH¶HX06pa.3a XH3HH.

KKOH 丶flepB0ìíMHPOBOÏBOMHbIY'MHOFHXFIOJIYKOqeBbIXnneMeHHaKOflWIOCb60nwoeKOJIHqeCTBOBOOPY)KeHH¶冖6一一·be3poopyxeHH¶Il.neMeHBOCCTaHOBHTbaBTOPHTeTUeHTPU1bHOäBJ1aCTHB cTpaHeHIlPeKPaTHTb(e)KnneMeHHbIeCTbIHKHPe3a egreCTBeHHOApyroroI'lYTH BblXOAaH3KPH3HCaHeBHAeJI.TeM60eeHTO IIPeACTaBHTeJIHHeKOTOPb1XMOIYLUeCTBeHHbIX    06beAHHeHHÏXY3ecTaHa,Oapca,XopacaHaH               0KPaHHHbIXIIP()BHHUHVI BPeMeHaML•InpoOJI HaKTHBHOCOTPYAHHqaTbCBeJIHK()6PHTaHHeä.HOwaxHeOl'PaHHHHBan60P66YIIP()THBnneMeHKaMnaHHAMH, HarlPaB.neHHbIMHHaHXpa.3()pyxeHHe.OAHOBPeMeHHOocyrueCTBnqJ1nepeBOA110JIYKOqeBb1X06ueCTBHaOCeWIOCTbcueJ1bK)IIOJIHOF() pa3pYLI.IeHHS HXaBTOHOMHOFOCYUleCTB()BaHH¶ HTPaAHUHOHH()ä n.neMeHHOiopraHH3aUHH.

IIPH3TOMpeopraHH3aI.lHBKOqeBbIX06u.4eCTBXIPOBOAHJIaCb

cneu.IH0,HaCHJIbCTBeHHbIMHMeTOAaMHH6e3AOCTaT()qHblXnpeABaPHTeJIbHbIXaAMHHHCTPaTHBHO-3KOHOMHqeCKHX11PHT()TOBJIeHHÈí,

I-IeJIbIÏip Il()JIHTHqeCKHX BTOM H3BeCTHb1ü PeJITH03HO-110JIHTHqeCKHìíaxropwrer XacaHMonappec,0TKPbITOKPHTHKOBUIHKaMr:aHHŒO丶 冖T.e.nepeBOAaHa 一43aK65


193






'3aKJIžoqeHHe03HaHHœJIbHblX

areyrypbl3TOTHHX60J1bIIIOenepHOABHpaHe.B03AeìáCTBHe00 OKUB0 H COCTOPOHbIKrePMaHHHCOBHaB CKOTOCOi03aHBe.JIHK06PHTaHHH. HeH3MeHHO06BHHflJIHPe3a

BCHMnaTHRXK

B3T0CB¶3H60n1110HHTeËCBb13blBaiOT

CTBYK)LI.IHe0HeraTHBHblXCTOPOHaXHPaHO-rePMaHCKHX0THOmeHHH•

IllHIIPaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIXlly6JIHUHCTceìí(þA3·              H                                              nOMO-B TerepaHeB一9 ~一935rr•HanePCHACKOM13b1Ke60raTO

POBaHHbIi00H040-HHK6aCTaH>>0n006P冖、eHHeMcBaCTHKHHa06n0Ke·

OHHOb1BaJIC1<<HpaH-e

Hana6bIJIH3BeCTeHCBOHMHflPOrePMaHCKHMHHaCTPOeHHSMHCOBPeMeHIlePBOìiMHPOBOÏBOMHbI'KoraaOH B                    repMaHCKOropa-3BeAHHKaB•O'XeHTHHra冖7一一·                HaCTpaHHuaxKOTOPO0OTKPOBeHHO                    K HB

3T0CBf13H110AqePKHBanaCb

pace,                                                                                                                                     B CJIHIÐHHM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           6 3aKPbIT

TAMH.ABTOPYnPHUIJIOCb3MHrPHPOBaTbB 冖72一·

APYFHMI.UYMHbIM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CB¶3aHHblMc

(þaUIHCTCKHHaCTPOeHHbIXHPaHl-leB'6 apeCTH  K oceHbK)一939r•60n5E0                              BOeHHbIXH f10A03peBaeMbIXB11011blTKeOPraHH30BaTb

BOPOT>).063TOM4)aKTeCOBeTCKaq

I-IHBUIa.B aPeCTOBaHHbIX6blJlHKYPCaHTbl

JIHI.ua,OAHHBblITYCKHHKkOPHAHqeCKOTO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           p 061•UeCTBeH-

HO-IIOJIHTHqeCKHX   CB13aHHblXc                           CO nepBOMMHPOBOÏBOÏHbl•BceOHH6blJlH06BHHeHbIHPaHCKHM

B11011bITKeOCYI.UeCTBHTb          npOTHB6e30nacHOCTHCTPaHbI,HBOPraHH3aUHHaHTHMOHaPXHqeCKOTO3arOBOPa• rnaBHbIM06BHHqeMbIMBOBpeMfl

MoxceH(l)KaxaHcy3.OHnepeBeJ1HanePCHÄCKHìi13blK A•rHT.nepa<<MaäHKaM11()»HBblIIYCTWIeeno                                     23

p 一940r.noIIPHTOBOPY M'A)KaXaHCY36UIPaCCTPeJ11H• KypcaHTbl,aTaK)KeTPDK,aaHCKHe 6blJlH Ha

HbleCPOKHTIOPeMHOTO3aKJlK)qeHHA• MHOrHeH3HHX 6bIJIHAOCPOHHO0CB060 eH 冖73一·

CornacH0HPaHCKOMYaBTOPYX•Mo'Ta3eAY'cyae6HoeWIO'

一98

B036Y)KueHHOeno110HTH APOTHB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         H 06BHHIeMbIX'一10                                                                                                                    HMe-

CYAe6HbIÈánpoueccTIPeACTaBJlflJlC060                   Pe3a HanoCTOflHHbIe06BHHeHHA COCTOPOHbl              B

COTPYAHHqeCTBec                                                                        H     K                                               BOnpeKH llPOB03rnaUleHHOMY

HTO110A06Haq                      He                                           MOTHBbl'KOTOPbIMH PYKOBOACTBOBUIC¶Pe3a                            TaKHe                                     MePblBOTHOu.IeHHHIIPOÞIIHCTCKH                                           CneAyeTyHeCTb'HTOB 3TOTnepHOII冖noHPaHCKHM                      H、6n6 00-00n06~一eHHe0H,

IHHSI.uaxa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              cOCTaBaHOBOrO

HHA.f103TOMYCYAHan                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             noMHeHH10

CJIY)KHTbrlËAY11Pe)K,aeHHeM HeKOTOPbIXWIeHOB

BHAHMO,eMYKO 00tlTO HHXMOrnH6bITb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     KOTO-

PbleBH3BeCTHbIX                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       6 HaCOTPYAHHqeCTBOC

CKOMareyrypoü.

HaKOHeu,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bpe-

MeHaMHOTKPbITOBblPOKa•naCBOeHeAOBOJIbCTBOHPaHCKHM

TeJIbCTBOM.

20HOA6pq一939r.HeMe1ÅK0e H3BepJIHHa                                           K nepenaqaMHanePCHACKOMA3bIKe•E'0pa60TO PyKOBOAHnHpaHeu3MHFPaHTbaxpaM                       冖74LcbIHBHAHorOH

HpaHCKOTO110JlHTHqeCKOFO                                    AP6a6aKeX00POB0WaXPOXH' gneHa                                             OTnaPCOB•

ECJIHBHaqaJIbHbIü                                        PenaKUHHHeMeKO0paAHO OTHOl•neHHH HMeJlHHeCKOJIbKO006PHTen-, H一TOH,TOCPaCllIHPeHHeM                            30'BaTHHgeCKHXBOMH I"HTnePOBI.leBTO0·BBHHX             qBHOHaTO'qTO'MOJI'Pe3a nocaxeHHa OHaHTJlHqaHaMH•HT06bI   TaKy10OTKPb1TO00N06HY6·nponaraHAY                 H3TerepaHa0bepJIHH6bIJIaHarlPaBJIeHa

BTO BpeMS                                        rePMaHHHHa COBeTCKHiCOK)3 H 6JlH3KOe                    HeOTKObIBanbOT 0HH一bHOú¶BJleHHOFO                  qBHO                                           CWTOHHOCTbKBbl)KHwreJIbHOìi

KOrnape3au.laxnePBOHaHU1bHOHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             BblnOJIHHTbCOBeTCKHe

TPe60BaHH1KO30ePUIHJIaCb0IIOJIHOM60-n060一0000 0、H3HpaHa•TO'BHAHMO'EcnH6nT00rePMaHHH00K00,

199

y OC6bIBKOHeHHOMcqereBOBJIeHbHpaHBBO BKagecTBe cBoeroCOk03HHKa.

YCTaHOB.neHHe(e)K,1VCCCPHCOeAHHeHHb1MKOPOJIeBCTBOMco-

OTH011.reHHìá,OAHaKO,06YCJIOBHJIOB03HHKHOBeHHe

(e)K,AYHaPOAHOÈi06CTaHOBKH,rlPHKOTOPOHHOAHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

warHpaHCKOT0TIPaBH'œJ1bCTBaHeCYMeJI6b1npeAOTBpaTHTbBTOP)KeHHeaHTHrepMaHCK0ìiKOUIHUHHHa•reppHmpH}0c•rpaHbl.HMeHHOB 3TOM0 ce                  paccMarrpHBaTbqpe3Bb1qaHHb1e

KHeMepbl,npeAnpHHflTbIe1103AHHMneroM一94一r.npowreJlbcTBaMH

Be.TIHK06PHTaHHHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C053aB0THOU1eHHH

Hau.leyrBep)KAeHHe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    KaKHaaHaJlH3

JIHHHHCOK)3HHKOB,'IZKHHanaHHb1e,BnepBb1e B MeMyapaxreHepanaXoceiHaOapaycrra.OH110ATBepxaaer,

Ha.3HaqeHHeoceHbK)一939r.A-paMaTHHaA4rapHnpeMbepoM66m0 IlPO¶BJIeHHeMnporepMaHcKOÈipreHAeHUHHB                                        pe3a HO 110 AaBJ1eHHeMBeJIHK06PHTaHHHHeeHPaHCKHXCTOPOHHHKOBH3 HHCnaBepxyu.IKH BblHY)KÄeH6 BCK0peorrnpaBHTbB

43-neTHeT0Aa(þTapH.OHYTBepAHJ1Hanoc-rynpeMbepaAJIHMaHCYpa,110JlHTHKaMUIOH3BeCTHOI'O.COFJ1aCH0reHepa.ny,

110Tpe60B8JIHyPe3aI.uaxaCAenaTb OAHH                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ,B

HHe48HacOBBblCJIaTbH3crpaHb10K0n0600

TOB,BKJTOqaqqneHOB ceMeä. 0•rpe60BaHHe6

3aCYTKHCBbII.ue600HeMeUKHXcneuuaJIHcTOB

aBT06YCOfHB                                                                                                                                       冖75一·

TpexCO}03Hb1XaepxaB冖CCCP,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hc

cornaCHO                                                                                                                                                                                                     OTKPblTO3aflBHJIHHPaHCKHM                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0TOM,

HMHe06XOAHMOBBeCTHCBOHBOäCKaHa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        HTO_

6bI110JIYHHTb OC KTPaHCHPaHCK0ìÍ c ee HC110J1b30BaHHfl JI TPaHCflOPTHPOBKHBCCCP           H ApyrHXMaTePHUIOB.1.11ax11PeAJIO)KHJ1AOBePHTb3TYMHCCHK)HpaHCKHMB.naCTflM.OAHaKOHa3T0                OTBeTHJIHOTKa30M.110 CJlOBaMreHepana,OC03HOHeMHHyeMOCTbBTOP)KeHH¶

KOB,maxBTIUIBaenpeccHžo.3HaH,q•ro.C011POTHBJleHHeHPaHCKHX C0103HHKaMHeOKa)KerHHKaKOF0  Haxo

I.MHXC06bITHh,TeMHeMeHee,pe3a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Y'KoaHHe0Ka3aTbC063·

HHKaMC011POTHBJIeHHe.EroPeUIHTeJ1bHOCTb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

qeCKHMHC006PaxeHHAMH冖76一·

BTO)KeBpeMROCJIO)KHeHHeBHYTPH110JIHTuqeCK()ro

OKOUIOCbHaPYKYMOCKBeHJ10HAOHY.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   CTOPOHHHKH

200

aKTHBHOI'OCOTPYAHHHeCTBaCOC06eHHOBBOeHHb1XKPYrax,CTUIHBecTH                         B110JIb3YBOeHHOTOCOk03aCrepMaHHeM,TBQAHJIH0<<AOCTOMHOMBcTpeqe»I'HTJIeP()BCKHXIl()JIHH11.1B 3aKOKa.3be.IIPaBHTeJ1bCTBOCCCPJleTOM一94一r. H bl冖26HK)H¶, 一9(K)JIflH一6oryc•ra)HanpaBJIflJ10HOTbIHPaHCK()MYnpaBHTeJ1bcTBY' 0HeCOBMeCTHMOCTH<<110KPOBHTeJlbCTBa»HPaHCKHXBJIaCTeä

CKOÏareHTypeCIIPHHUHIIO(HCOBeTCKO-HPaHCKOI'()noroB()pa一92一r.

H                                             3aABJIeHHeM0HeäTpaJIHTere.B'IZK()M neìicTBOBaJIa6PHTaHCKaqAHTIJIOMaTHq,

HPeMbeP-MHHHCTPAHTJIHHY.qePHHJIJIbI"IPeAJIO)KHJICOB3TCK0MYflPaBHTeJIbCTBYOCYI.ueCTBHTbCOBMeCTHYK)KOfnaHHkOBHpaHe. 丶丶flpeAJIaraqnpoBecTHCOBMeCTHyrOaHI'J10-pyccKYK)KapanaHH10 B IlepcHH,丨I'IHCUIY.qePHWIJIb,,Mbl 06HB HCbrnaBHbIM06pa30M OTKPbITHAKOMMYHHKaLIHäOTflePCHACKOI'03UlHBa0KacIIHicKOT() MOPD.COFJIaCHOnpeABapHTeJ1bH0ìíAOTOBOPeHHOCTHCAHFJIHeìíH noeenpeAJ10)KeHHro,COBeTCKHìiC063BËMeHHOBBeJ1BceHTf16pe 一94一r.CBOHBOMCKaHaupaHCKyrOTeppHTOPHK).

OAHOBPeMeHHOBqaCTbCTpaHbIBCTYIIHJIHaHrJIHÏCKHe BOMCKa.BoopY)KeHHbIeCHJIbIHpaHaOKOUIH COTIP()THBJ1eHHe BOìíCKaMC0103HHKOB,HKOfnaHH¶6bl.na30epI.ueHaBTeqeHHeHeCKOJ1bKHXAHeìi.

BcTYflJIeHHeHaTepPHTOPH}0HpaHaBbl3B 0naaeHHeIPaBHTeJIbCTBaIH0TpeqeHHePe3aI.uaxa冖一6eHTf16pqC 一94一(.)B110JIb3YHacneAHHKanpeCTOJIa|MoxaMMeAape3bl

BH.HOBbIìiIllaxHBHOBb[IPOHTeJ1bCTBOBblPa3HJIH )KeJIaHHeCOTPYÄHHqaTbCCOmHbIMHneP)KaBOfH.BOJIb1.uaqqacTb rePMaHCKHX[IOLAaHHbIX6bIJIaapecTOBaHaHHH'ItPHHPOBaHa.

B一942r.6UInonnucaHoroBOP0853e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         CCCP,

K06PHTaHUeìiHHpaHOM,YCTaHaBJIHBa}OI.11HäIl()JIHTHKO-11PaBOBb1e OCHOBbIOTHOI.neHHìi3THXrocynapcTBBnepHOABOäHblC(þaWHCT-

CKOMrepMaHHeìi.

133aK65

IdCTOPI/1¶CTPAHBOCTOKA

IdCTOPI/1¶CTPAHBOCTOKA

HOHATHO, 0ecJIHCTaBIIIHeHbIHeAOCWllHblMHAOKYMeHTblH

HOHATHO, 0ecJIHCTaBIIIHeHbIHeAOCWllHblMHAOKYMeHTblH

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

HH¶OHHonpeAeneHH0ìÍBblBeAeHblHa6a3eHaPOAHOCTHOCHOBa•reJIbHOrOHJIH3THHqeCK0ÿÍHCHc•reMaTHqeCK0ro06

HH¶OHHonpeAeneHH0ìÍBblBeAeHblHa6a3eHaPOAHOCTHOCHOBa•reJIbHOrOHJIH3THHqeCK0ÿÍHCHc•reMaTHqeCK0ro06

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

YJIHCTaHCKOMY oroB0py一8一3roa冖一2一·TeMBPeMeHeMBcr1bXHY-

YJIHCTaHCKOMY oroB0py一8一3roa冖一2一·TeMBPeMeHeMBcr1bXHY-

BOCTOKe.BOCCTaHOB.neHHflHe06eHMeHee,--eKTOMCHHTaTbCflHPaHCKHMCOnePHHqeCTCBOeìi0Þ(T()MABOPBJ1acTH、MeBy

BOCTOKe.BOCCTaHOB.neHHflHe06eHMeHee,--eKTOMCHHTaTbCflHPaHCKHMCOnePHHqeCTCBOeìi0Þ(T()MABOPBJ1acTH、MeBy

HB3P3ePYMe 3一Mag一847r•FloHeMYTOPHCTaqqacTb 30xa6a6bIJ1anepeAaHaHpaHY,aPOHHHHag,OCMaHCKOiHMnePHH一33一·HOOKOHgaTeJIbHOeCOrnaI

HB3P3ePYMe 3一Mag一847r•FloHeMYTOPHCTaqqacTb 30xa6a6bIJ1anepeAaHaHpaHY,aPOHHHHag,OCMaHCKOiHMnePHH一33一·HOOKOHgaTeJIbHOeCOrnaI

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

CTHe0HIM HOI"OJ10HAOHaB3T0 cneJIKe

CTHe0HIM HOI"OJ10HAOHaB3T0 cneJIKe

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

KOHaqeq,コ0YKOaHH}0KOTOPOFO4)HHaHCOBag)KaHAaPMePH93aHflJla 0HOミ3HMeHHä{IPHHua

KOHaqeq,コ0YKOaHH}0KOTOPOFO4)HHaHCOBag)KaHAaPMePH93aHflJla 0HOミ3HMeHHä{IPHHua

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

ιη ω

ιη ω

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

POAOBaH

POAOBaH

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

AHFJIHäCKHXAH11JIOMaTOBCTOJIbHeyCTOäHHBagT103HH npaBH-

AHFJIHäCKHXAH11JIOMaTOBCTOJIbHeyCTOäHHBagT103HH npaBH-

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

B03P0 eHH}OAegTeJIbHOCTHOPraHOBTOCYAaPCTBeHHOìiB•naCTHB

B03P0 eHH}OAegTeJIbHOCTHOPraHOBTOCYAaPCTBeHHOìiB•naCTHB

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

K)MHOnepCHACKHXCTPeJlKOB)>KaK

K)MHOnepCHACKHXCTPeJlKOB)>KaK

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

ABOKaTCKOii <<MaKJIHHTOKHKO»OTHMeHHHPaHCKOrO flPaBHTeJ1bCTBa11POBePHTb 0THeTHOCTb flPOBepKaBblABHJIa,11TOaHFJIHÏCKaqHe(þT¶HaqKOMnaHHAHeflOJIHOCTbÆO

ABOKaTCKOii <<MaKJIHHTOKHKO»OTHMeHHHPaHCKOrO flPaBHTeJ1bCTBa11POBePHTb 0THeTHOCTb flPOBepKaBblABHJIa,11TOaHFJIHÏCKaqHe(þT¶HaqKOMnaHHAHeflOJIHOCTbÆO

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.

TJIABAIl

TJIABAIl

TPe60BaHHìi,BblÄBHHYTbIXPYKOBOACTBOMA3aAucraHa,6b1JIa

TPe60BaHHìi,BblÄBHHYTbIXPYKOBOACTBOMA3aAucraHa,6b1JIa

История Ирана в XXв.

История Ирана в XXв.
Материалы на данной страницы взяты из открытых истончиков либо размещены пользователем в соответствии с договором-офертой сайта. Вы можете сообщить о нарушении.
29.10.2019