Комплект документов к билингвальному проекту на тему: "Как воспитать некурящее поколение?" (16 документов)

Приложение к презентации 2. Из истории борьбы с курением табака

A smoker was carried back to front on the donkey with tobacco pipe passed through the nostrils, according to sultan Amurat’s order in 1611 in Constantinople.

Shah Abbas sentenced merchants, who were caught as smugglers of tobaccoб to cutting noses and ears. Their convoys were burnt. Death penalty was imposed.

The last victory against smoking is Framework Convention of the Struggle against Tobacco.

The main achievements are the following:

1. Only complete prohibition of ads and sponsorship reduces consumption of tobacco products.

2. Warnings on the bundles must take about 30% of the whole surface of the bundle.

3. Non-government organizations must take part in prevention programs.

4. Tobacco smoke causes diseases and death. That’s why it is important to protect people  against it.

In western countries smokers don’t have medical insurance. They have difficulties when they hunt a job and, on the other hand, people, who don’t smoke, get different grants.

A lot of institutes and universities in Sweden forbid smoking. You can’t meet smoking people in the streets. Smoking students don’t have a scholarship. There is no advertising of alcohol and tobacco in Sweden.

The international experience of struggle against smoking shows that only uncompromising struggle can bring positive results.

One of the first tobacco opponents was James I. In 1604 appeared his "Counter-Tobacco." James did not discredit the reputation of tobacco as a panacea for all ills, but simply informed the High Treasurer of England that all importers of tobacco will pay a high fee. Judging by the text, James I would prefer to dethrone tobacco completly but he understood that it would be dangerous to do so, because there were many smokers, even among the courtiers.

 Strenuously fought the tobacco in Nazi Germany. Leadership of the National Socialist German Workers' Party condemn smoking.

 In 1904  "The German Society for Opponents of Smoking and Protecting Non-Smokers," was set up. Another company  "The German Federation of the Opponents of Tobacco" was established in 1910 in Trautenau in Bohemia. These societies were created in Hannover and Dresden. In 1920 Prague was established in the "Federation of German Opponents of Tobacco in Czechoslovakia." In Austria, there was also such a federation.

 These groups published magazines against smoking. The first of these was the German magazine "The Enemy of Tobacco," published by the Bohemian society from 1912 to 1932. From 1919 to 1935 in Dresden published the magazine "German Opponents of Tobacco."

In 1921 cigarettes were banned in 14 US states. The girls were kicked out of colleges for smoking.

The first measures to struggle against smoking were undertaken in Europe before an appearance of tobacco on the continent. The member of the expedition Rodrigo de Herez was put into prison for smoking according to the sentence “Only devil can give a person the ability to produce smoke from his nostrils”.

In 1575 in Spain the Catholic Church introduced a ban in places where prayers are held.

In Russia in the 17 th century the king Michael Phyodorovich ordered to execute everyone who was found with tobacco. The  King Aleksey Mihailovich issued the following decree: “Everyone who was found with tobacco, should be tormented until he didn’t give the name of a person who supplied him with tobacco.

In 1650 the tobacco usage is prohibited in Bavaria, Saxony, Zurich. The Sultan of Ottoman Empire  Murad IV proclaimed the death penalty for tobacco use.

In Luneburg in 1691 the death penalty was established for smoking tobacco.

In the USA in 1830 the first mass campaign against tobacco products began.