Научно-исследовательская работа по английскому языку

IX Municipal Scientific and Practical students Conference

of educational organizations of the city district Egorievsk

"Step into Science"

Humanitarian direction

“Little Britain in Yegoryevsk”

Author:

Shumilov Viktor Aleksandrovich,

Sudarev Andrey Alekseevich, 

Rytikova Marina Alekseevna

9^th Grade,

Municipal educational

  medium institution

comprehensive school №12

  with in-depth

individual subjects

Scientific adviser: Zolotova Victoria Nikolaevna,

  English teacher,

Municipal educational

  medium institution

comprehensive school №12

with in-depth study

  individual items

Table of contents:

• Title page…………………………………………………………………………….   1

• Contents……………………………………………………………………………...  2

• Introduction………………………………………………………………………….  3

• Theoretical part……………………………………………………………………… 5

• 1.1.English around us  ………………………………………………………………. 5

• 1.2. The influence of English architecture on the example of the Khludovo paper mill……………………………………………………………………………………   6

• 1.3. General characteristics of Anglicisms in the language………………………... 7

• 1.4. The reasons for the rapid spread of the English language in the world……8

• 2. Practical part…………………………………………………………………….   10

• 2.1. Anglicisms on the streets of the city of Yegoryevsk………………………….  10

• 2.2. Society's attitude to the use of Anglicisms…………………………………….12

• Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….. 12

• References and other sources used……………………………………………….. 13

• Аppendix…………………………………………………………………………… 14

Introduction

I live in the amazing city of Yegoryevsk, which has a rich history and traditions. We are rightly proud of our outstanding countrymen and their achievements. I love to wander through the streets of my hometown and admire its unique beauty. During such walks, you can't help but read shop signs, billboards, and advertisements.

Recently, many English words have appeared on the streets of our city. Billboards, signs, and store names are full of attention-grabbing foreign words.

As for the signs with the English name, we understand their meaning. The same thing happens when we see English-language words in newspapers, magazines, or hear them on television. What about older people who haven't studied English or have studied some other foreign language?

So we decided to explore this problem - how English affects the Russian language by using the example of outdoor advertising and the names of stores and other city objects and attractions.

The relevance of the study is that the consideration of problems related to the theory and practice of borrowing is particularly significant in modern conditions, since today there are serious concerns about the powerful influx of borrowing, which can have a negative impact on the aesthetics of the Russian-speaking urban environment and the everyday level of the language of residents.

The purpose of this study: to study the spread of the English language and English culture in Yegoryevsk on the example of outdoor advertising, names of city objects and city attractions.

To achieve this goal, we set the following tasks:

1. to study the theoretical material related to the research topic;

2. identify the reasons for the rapid spread of the English language in the world;

3. identify and consider the ways of English borrowing;

4. identify English borrowings in the city objects of the city of Yegoryevsk;

5. find out the attitude of the residents of the city to the phenomenon under study.

The object of research is the names of urban objects and outdoor advertising of the city of Yegoryevsk.

The subject of the study is the process of penetration of English loanwords and names into the urban environment.

The following methods were used in this study:

- theoretical (study of literature and collection of information on the Internet, information processing, grouping of  English borrowings; teacher consultations);

- practical (collection of material (photos of objects) survey, analysis, generalization in the course of work).

Research hypothesis-it can be assumed that if there are so many English words on the signs, billboards and shops of our city, it means that English is very common in our time.

The novelty of the presented work lies in the practical possibility to see the connection between the two languages and the cult.

The practical value of the work is that the study of the causes of the emergence and use of English borrowings in the Russian language within the urban environment contributes to:

* the development of linguistic awareness of culture;

* correct (in quantitative and qualitative terms) use of foreign words in the language.

1. Theoretical part

1.1 English around us

Many people, most often children and teenagers, use foreign words without even thinking about their meaning. Not only does oral speech acquire foreign notes, but also the written form. Currently, foreign brands and brands of clothing, accessories and the like are in great demand, for example, Burberry, Paul Smith, Westland, RALF RINGER, O'STIN. These brands put various foreign words and expressions on clothes that are often not clear to ordinary people, and are not always correct : "Rich", "Hero", "Follow me", "Keep calm" and others. The next catalyst for the promotion of foreign words and expressions is the modern mass media. They play, perhaps, the main role in the process of borrowing foreign vocabulary. The mass media are of great importance and influence the language culture. People often focus on the media, considering them a model of literary language. For this reason, there is an incorrect use of foreign words in everyday speech. For example, show-show-show; PR-pr (abbreviated public relation) – public relations; online-online, on-line – on the line, in touch; marketing-marketing. However, it should be remembered that the media works for the viewer, and the viewer is different-from teenagers to pensioners. The main problem is that the media does not take into account the characteristics of the audience, as a result, the entire flow of information merges together and equally affects all consumers of information. The mass media "pass the baton" to retail chains and stores. In an attempt to attract as many customers and customers as possible, representatives of the goods and services sector change their names and slogans, turning them into something between Russian and English. This, in turn, contributes to people's subconscious perception of foreign words and expressions written in Cyrillic, but the pronunciation is foreign: motel, hostel, Sushi House, Flora and Fauna, City Center, and others.

1.2. The influence of English architecture on the example of the Khludovo paper mill

The city of Yegoryevsk is the administrative center of the Yegoryevsky district of the Moscow Region, founded in 1778. In the history of the city, one of the most interesting for us is the chapter related to the Moscow merchants Khludovs. The founder of one of the most famous Moscow merchant families was born in 1786 in the family of  Ivan Afanasyevich Khludov in the village of Akatovo, Yegoryevsky district, Ryazan province.The Khludovs had 11 children, but four of them died very early. The surviving sons proved to be good helpers and heirs to their father's cause. The main assistants in the case were the sons Taras and Savely.The sons not only kept their father's business afloat, but also significantly expanded it. So, in 1842, they decided to build a paper mill in Yegoryevsk, near which we will walk today. Yegoryevsk then presented all the favorable data for the paper spinning factory to develop successfully in it: there were already several weaving industries in the city itself, based on artisanal weaving spread throughout the surrounding villages; there were huge forests around the city, which provided the factory with cheap fuel; the growing population needed to earn money.

To study factory production, Alexey Ivanovich Khludov specially went to London and Liverpool, and the enterprises were built with the participation of English engineers. By the way, the Moscow industrialist and merchant Nikolai Alexandrovich Varentsov wrote that  among the textile manufacturers, the Khludovs were the first to realize the need to have their own office in England. Other firms wrote out the goods they needed through foreign offices, overpaying, for example, for car oil several times. The Khludovs were noticeably distinguished from the merchant and industrial environment of that time.The building of the paper mill on the bank of the Guslitsa River was laid out in 1844. The building is designed in the English style, the main tower resembles London's Big Ben. The fact is that Ivan Ivanovich Khludov was fond of everything English, and attracted the British architect Thomas Godson to the project.

At that time, there were practically no spinning mills in Russia, and all the yarn was purchased in England. Alexey Ivanovich Khludov went to England to select a specialist in spinning and purchase machines.

1.3. General characteristics of Anglicisms in the language

At present, due to the expansion of international contacts, more and more elements of foreign speech, especially English, are penetrating into our environment.

There are quite a lot of foreign words on the streets of our city: on billboards, names of shops and cafes, ads, etc. This is due to the increasing popularity of the English language. Such English borrowings in Russian are called "Anglicisms". Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov S. I. defines: Anglicism, as a word or turn of speech in some language, borrowed from the English language or built on the English model.

The explanatory dictionary of T. F. Efremova gives the following definition:

Anglicism is a word, an expression borrowed from the English language, or a turn of speech built on a model characteristic of the English language.

After getting acquainted with the literature, it became clear to me that the process of borrowing words is a normal phenomenon, and in certain historical periods even inevitable and useful.

Russian Russian-English dictionary page opened at random, we were also surprised to notice a huge number of borrowed words, today sounding somehow native, in Russian, without causing disputes and fears: barometer, barrier, basketball, battalion, battery, battery, head.

With a simple mathematical operation, I calculated that out of 60 words, ten of them turned out to be words of foreign origin, which is about 16 percent.

The appearance of a large number of foreign words of English origin, their rapid consolidation in the Russian language is explained by rapid changes in public and scientific life. The strengthening of information flows, the emergence of a global computer system of the Internet, the expansion of interstate and international relations, the development of the world market, economy, information technology, participation in Olympiads, international festivals, fashion shows – all this could not but lead to the entry of new words into the Russian language.

We, the Russian people, are tolerant of external influences. The openness of our society leads to a significant expansion of the horizons and knowledge of Russians, to an improvement in knowledge in the field of foreign languages.

Business, trade, and cultural ties have intensified, and foreign tourism has flourished; long-term work of our specialists in institutions of other countries and the operation of joint Russian-foreign enterprises on the territory of Russia have become commonplace. The need for intensive communication with people who use other languages has increased. This is an important condition not only for direct borrowing of vocabulary from these languages, but also for introducing Russian speakers to international (and more often – based on English) terminological systems. Thus, the borrowing of Anglicisms of the late twentieth century meets the above reasons.

1.4. The reasons for the rapid spread of the English language in the world

Borrowing foreign words is one of the ways to develop a modern language. Language always responds quickly and flexibly to the needs of society. Borrowing is the result of contacts, relations between peoples and states. The main reason for borrowing foreign language vocabulary is the lack of a corresponding concept in the vocabulary of the Russian language. Observing the transition of words and phrases from a foreign language to Russian helps you understand the history of your language

Why is English so popular? There are several main reasons:

1. Economic and political reasons.

The emergence of the United States on the world stage as a leading economic power contributed to the spread of the English language in banking, scientific, industrial, technical and other spheres of life. Imperceptibly, but very quickly, English has become a driving force for progress and a way to exchange information.

2. Socio-cultural reasons.

Broad public access to the media, the Internet, the spread of mass culture, and the entertainment industry. The fascination with popular music of various genres and trends, American films has led to the fact that most Americanisms have entered the Russian language without any obstacles and are used by most of the population regardless of gender, age, social status.

On the example of the development of cinema, it is very easy to trace the reasons for the spread of the English language. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, America has played a major role in the creation of feature films, and after that, the English language has taken a dominant place in cinema.

The Russian mass media, especially television, also contributes to the "Anglottisation" of the Russian language. Such words as briefing, talk show, dog show have become widespread thanks to the media.

3. Historical and geographical reasons.

With the help of historical evidence, it is possible to trace the spread of the English language around the world from the time of the first expeditions of English navigators to America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand and the colonization of Africa and many islands of the South Pacific.

After analyzing all the theoretical material, we have identified the most important reasons for the appearance of Anglicisms in the names of stores and other retail outlets:

·        Expressiveness of novelty: many firms and companies use anglicisms as their names to attract attention with the novelty of their sound: Beeline,Telecom, Carpet Trade, Skyline, Wear black.

·        Fashion statement: knowledge of English is considered highly prestigious. And therefore they use Anglicisms, thereby they want to make advertising more fashionable and prestigious, to win the respect and trust of the consumer.

·        The emergence of new terminology (language in the field of computer technology, economics and finance): sometimes it is better to use words of another language than to invent new ones.

Perhaps, thanks to Anglicisms for the consumer, the product becomes more reliable, tested and inspires a quality guarantee.

2. Practical part

2.1. Anglicisms on the streets of the city of Yegoryevsk

The first stage of our work included compiling a list of English-language borrowings in the names of urban objects on the streets of the city. As a result, we found that there are a very large number of shops, retail outlets, various enterprises, companies, entertainment centers, cafes, restaurants and other establishments that use English words on the territory of the city of Yegoryevsk.

As everyone knows, the winning name determines the success and attractiveness of the store, the company for potential consumers in the development of motivation and desire to buy a product or use a service. Sometimes English-language names make customers get lost in guesses about the scope of a particular company.

Let's turn to the English-language names on the signs located on the territory of the city of  Yegoryevsk, as well as to the advertising presented in information and advertising newspapers, billboards and street banners.

Let's turn to these names:

•         cafes, restaurants, fast food: Burger King (Burger king), "Sushi King" site "Olivia", "Food room", "McDonald's", etc.;

•         beauty salon and hairdresser beauty salon and SPA "Spa", "Grimerka"

in shops: Megaphone, TELE2, Beeline;

•         shops, shopping centers, shopping centers:

the center of small wholesale trade stock stores "Second hand" (Second hand), a chain of stores of one price "Fix Price", a stationery store "IpFORMAT", a network of home appliances and computers "DNS", a denim clothing store "Tomfarr", a shoe store "Kari", a jewelry store " Sunlight»

·        large brand stores: "Sela", "Ostin", "Zola", "Insity", "Francesco Donni", "PAOLO CONTE", "ZENDEN", "Incanto", "Gloria Jeans", dom and many others.

Russian Russian translation As can be seen from the list above, some stores use direct loanwords (words written in English) in their names, while others use transliterations (English sounds written in Russian and vice versa), others use English spelling of words, but translated in Russian, and some stores use various abbreviations, game techniques, or names where English words are partially used (hybrids).

2.2. Society's attitude to the use of Anglicisms

It is no secret that English is in the first place in popularity among foreign languages. Thus, the situation that is developing here is not new for Europe. Even today, we use an incalculable number of foreign words and slang.

Scientists believe that if the borrowed vocabulary exceeds 2-3%, then the language may soon disappear. The number of borrowings in Russian already exceeds 10%! That's something to think about, isn't it?

In the process, we thought about the following question: "How does society react to such an abundance of English words on the streets of our city?»

In order to answer this question, we conducted a survey among adults and children of different ages. The survey involved 50 people: 25 adults and 25 people under the age of eighteen. The results obtained during the survey were analyzed and translated into a percentage ratio. (Appendix 1)

Among the adult population, we obtained the following results: 60% (15 people) they are negative, 28% (7 people) said that they do not care and 12% (3 people) are positive. People who have a negative attitude to the use of English words on the objects of our city, believe that it distorts our Russian language. In addition, many of them, especially the elderly, find it difficult to read and understand foreign-language inscriptions.

Among the younger population, we found different results: 72% (18 people) have a positive attitude, 16% (4 people) are indifferent and 12% (3 people) have a negative attitude. Thus, most teenagers find the use of foreign words modern and interesting.

Conclusion

In the course of our research work, we found out that English is very common in the world, including in Russia. In addition, English is currently used in almost all spheres of activity, which indicates its popularity. We have seen this for ourselves, walking through the streets of our city.

From theoretical sources, we found out that the main reasons for the appearance of Anglicisms in the Russian language are: the emergence of new terminology; expressiveness of novelty; a tribute to fashion. There are different ways of forming Anglicisms. Some of them are: direct borrowings, hybrids, transliterations of words, foreign language inclusions.

Based on the results of the practical part, we can conclude that the penetration of numerous Anglicisms into our lives is a natural phenomenon. The survey revealed that older people are less tolerant of foreign words than young people. Most older people have studied German and even French at school, and many residents know shops that use Anglicisms in their names, but unfortunately, not everyone knows the translation of these words. Therefore, it is necessary to purposefully study the meaning of English words in order to be correct in their use.

The hypothesis put forward at the beginning of the work was not confirmed. The names of our city's signage contain much more Russian words. Indeed, residents of the city do not always understand the meaning of street signs and outdoor advertising with Anglicisms. Moreover, during the survey, many respondents noted that they are much more pleasant to observe and hear their native Russian language, which is dear to their hearts everywhere.

And whether it is necessary to introduce Anglicisms in the Russian speech?

Some words can no longer be thrown out of the language, they have acquired social significance. However, you should not abuse them either. After all, " the power of the people is in the native language."

We are sure that the material collected by us can be used in the lessons, and can also be fascinating and useful to all those who often travel, study English or just want to expand their knowledge in this field.

References and other sources used.

1. Брейтер М.А. Англицизмы в русском языке: история и перспективы.- Владивосток, 1994.

2. Ваулина Е.Ю., Скляревская Г.Н. Давайте говорить правильно!: Новейшие и наиболее распространенные заимствования в современном русском языке.- М., 2004.

3.  Дьяков А.И. Причины интенсивного заимствования англицизмов в современном русском языке.// Язык и культура.- Новосибирск, 2003.

4. Ожегов С.И.и Шведова Н.Ю. Толковый словарь русского языка: 800 слов и фразеологических выражений/ Российская академия наук. Институт русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова. – 4-е изд., дополненное. – M.: Азбуковник, 1999. – 940 с.

5.  http://www.english.womanknow.ru/pochemu-anglijskij-yazyk-tak-populyaren/

6. https://toptigki.livejournal.com/24951.html

Аppendix 1

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