В статье рассматривается концепция информационной и учебной среды, суть которой заключается в том, что коммуникационные процессы в такой среде обеспечивают дидактическую, методологическую и организационную основу обучения и представлений в качестве центрального элемента учебного процесса. В качестве примера рассмотрены особенности организации учебного процесса в информационной и учебной среде при преподавании неязыковых специальностей иностранному языку.
ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE INFORMATION
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Bakiyeva Zuhra Rahmatullayevna,
Mahmudova Sadoqat Akrom qizi
The article considers the concept of information and learning environment, the essence of
which is that communication processes in such an environment provide didactic, methodological
and organizational background of training and presents as the central element of the educational
process. As an example, the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in the
information and learning environment are considered when teaching nonlinguistic specialties to
a foreign language.
Maqolada axborot va ta'lim muhiti kontseptsiyasi nazarda tutilgan bo'lib, uning mazmuni
shunday muhitda aloqa jarayonlari ta'limning didaktik, metodologik va tashkiliy asoslarini
ta'minlaydi va ta'lim jarayonining asosiy elementi sifatida taqdim etiladi. Misol uchun, axborot
ta'lim muhitida o'quv jarayonini tashkil etishning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari chet tili bo'lmagan
tilshunoslik mutaxassisliklarini o'rgatishda hisobga olinadi.
В статье рассматривается концепция информационной и учебной среды, суть которой
заключается в том, что коммуникационные процессы в такой среде обеспечивают
дидактическую, методологическую и организационную основу обучения и представлений в
качестве центрального элемента учебного процесса. В качестве примера рассмотрены
особенности организации учебного процесса в информационной и учебной среде при
преподавании неязыковых специальностей иностранному языку.
Ключевые слова: компетентност, информационнокоммуникационных технологий,
интеграция, эффективность процесса обучения, интернетконференции, дистанционные
курсы, внешняя среда.
Kalit so`zlar: kompitentlik, axborotkommunikatsiya texnologiyalari, integratsiya, o'quv
jarayonining samaradorligi, internetkonferentsiyalar, masofaviy kurslar, tashqi muhit.
Key words: competence, information and communication technologies, integration, the
effectiveness of the learning process, internet conferences, distance courses, external
environment.
The globalization of social processes, rapid changes in the information and communication
infrastructure, international convergence and multidisciplinary cooperation have led to new
demands on the ways of acquiring and transferring knowledge and the role that people play in
these processes. One of the topical areas of reforming the modern education system is the system
integration of information and telecommunication technologies in the educational process and in
the management of education. In the course of reforming, the first task of fundamentally new
construction of the content and organization of educational material, the pedagogical activity ofthe teacher and the student's academic work in the computer environment. In this process, the
main thing is not to "read" a whole course or ILE fragments with the help of a computer, but to
check the assimilated, and higher level of representation in the learning process of the object
being mastered, the transition from the descriptive or analytical representation of this object to
the modeling of ILE essential properties [2].
For professional (higher and secondary special) education, the priority is the task of using
computer capabilities in modeling research and professional activities. The process of reform is
considered in the context of the creation of such pedagogical technologies that would ensure the
transition from a formaldisciplinary to a problemactive type of education [10]. This task is
directly related to the conceptual justification of an integrated system of educational and subject
activity that preserves in the conditions of information technology education the main stages of
the formation of mental actions using constructive analysis and modeling of object environments
[5]. At the heart of the systematic approach to reforming the content and methods of teaching,
which is considered in the works of BL. Agranovich, BN Bogatyr, Yu.S. Branovsky, Ya.A.
Vagramenko, E.G. SkibILEky, A.V. Khutorsky, as well as in a number of foreign studies (T.
Reeves, C. Resnick, J. Self, J. Underwood and others), is the use of the Learning Environment in
the educational process (the Learning Environment). It should be noted that the task of transition
to learning environments, as an urgent need for the informatization of education, was set in a
number of works in the late 70's 80's (Yu.A. Pervin, D. Sewzel, D. Rotheray, S. Papert, DH
Jonassen and others), but the subject of active discussion was only recently.
As the analysis of studies and materials of conferences on the problems of the
informatization of education shows, there are a number of author's interpretations that determine
the specificity of the learning environment based on computer technologies. Virtual learning
environment is considered in the works of Zh. N. ZaILEeva, A.A. Kalmykova, L.A.
Khachaturov; there are such terms as the integrated learning environment (OP Kryukova),
informationobject environment (IV Robert), the subject learning environment (VMMonakhov),
informationdynamic environment (NVSizintseva) , Informationpedagogical environment (AA
Akhayan) and others. However, the most common and, from our point of view, adequately
reflecting the essence of this phenomenon by the term is the informationlearning environment
(ILE). In this definition, the emphasis is on the informational nature of the environment, since
informationknowledge flows form the basis for the interaction of the humancomputer system.
N.N. Moiseev noted that the new technologies of working with information are the same natural
act of selforganization of matter as the appearance of life, the means of using the energy of the
Sun, the appearance of intellect, etc. [4].
Modern educational processes can not take place without the inclusion in the learning
process of a wide range of information resources, without developing the skills of processing and
presenting information. The information environment created by the means of new information
technologies (NIT) is viewed as an integral part of the learning environment and acts as a
"complex, multidimensional entity, a unique resultant of all informationknowledge and
communication flows at the intersection of which a person is located" [8]. Analysis of the works
of B.L. Agranovich, PL Brusilovsky, G.V. Kedrovoy, A.M. Korotkova, О.P. Kryukova, E.A.
Loktyushina, Yu.M. Nasonova, E.S. Polat, I.V. Robert, D.V. Smolin and others allow us to
conclude that most researchers consider ILE in the context of solving problems of improvingdidactic theory and practice in relation to new educational conditions and describe the model of
the educational process in which NIT's capabilities are used to effectively organize the
individual and collective work of the teacher and students, and Also to integrate various forms
and strategies for mastering knowledge on the subject, aimed at developing an independent
cognitive educational de faculty. The differences that are present in the understanding of ILE
are largely determined by the conceptual approaches to the use of information and
telecommunication technologies in teaching, which are based on each of the authors. We can
distinguish three main types of media that have been implemented in practice or described in the
form of theoretical approaches in the works known to us:
Environment, oriented to representing knowledge;
Environment,oriented on independent activity on acquisition of knowledge;
Mixed type of medium.
The first understanding of ILE is connected with the hardwaresoftware model of the
studied area of knowledge, in which a certain methodology or methods of training are built. As a
rule, these are highly structured learning environments in which the character and direction (or
directions) of instruction are programmatically determined, the possibilities and forms of
participation of the trainee, a consistent approximation to the final goal of instruction is realized.
The creation of such environments actively uses the cognitive approach, which is based on
reliance on the internal structure of human knowledge, on the systemstructural properties of the
studied subject. Such environments can be installed both on the local computer and in a
networked environment (local or global). This type includes the majority of intellectual and
adaptive learning environments aimed at implementing a flexible individualized learning
process, which is based on models of cognitive activity of the trainee.
Environments of the first type can be either "open", for example, software shells allow the
teacher to replace or introduce new content, and "closed" (a clear example of this are complex
intelligent environments). Communication functions in such ILE are used primarily to manage
the learning process. External information resources (distributed databases, virtual libraries, e
learning aids, etc.) can be included in the learning process, but are used, as a rule, in a limited
context, as an addition to the main course content. Along with this understanding, the concept of
a learning environment in line with the strategy of developmental learning is gaining increasing
recognition when the learning process integrates a wide range of computer capabilities that are
used in various forms to extract and acquire knowledge. This understanding of ILE forms the
basis of the second type of environment. The second type is characterized by the belief that
learning is an organic derivative of the interaction structure [9], so the emphasis is on the
processes underlying the formation of a particular skill. The origins of this approach lie in the
theories of LS. Vygotsky and his followers who viewed learning as an active process in which
the student plays the role of a "designer" of knowledge, and the process of constructing
knowledge is based on the current and past knowledge and experience of the student. In most
foreign studies over the past two decades, learning environments are viewed from the standpoint
of their activity, constructivist nature, understanding of the environment is based on the concept
of acquiring knowledge in the process of solving the content problems developed within the
framework of constructivist cognitive science. According to this view, instruction in the ILE is
an active process aimed at extracting, constructing knowledge, and not simply to reproduce it.Training in this interpretation performs the role of supporting the constructive efforts of the
learner in mastering knowledge and skills. Analysis of contemporary Russian and foreign studies
shows that in recent years there has been a blurring of the differences between these types of
environments, and environments are being integrated that integrate both approaches, that is, the
environment is the source of educational and methodological knowledge in a particular area of
knowledge and, at the same time, a highly structured environment for Organization of various
forms of independent cognitive activity. Such environments, as a rule, are formed within the
framework of generally available technologies in the WWW environment, or are based on
professionally developed shellsdistributed learning environments, collaborative and other
environments based on telecommunication technologies. They are open to both the teacher and
the trainee, they allow you to supplement the content and make corrections to it, to present the
results of your training activities in the environment. Communication processes in such ILE
provide didactic, methodological and organizational background of training and are the central
element of the educational process. As an example, let us consider the peculiarities of the
organization of the educational process in the information and learning environment, for
example, the support of teaching foreign language to students of nonlinguistic specialties.
Training in ILE acts as a dynamic system, which is an integral set of progressive educational
situations replacing each other. Under the educational situation, following O.P. Ochakelov, we
understand the system of psychological and pedagogical and didactic conditions and incentives,
placing a person before the need for conscious choice, adjustment and implementation of their
own model of learning, that is, the implementation of independent learning activities [6].
Regardless of the subject specificity, ILE should implement the following main functions:
Prompt delivery of educational information to the student;
The implementation of a communication function between all participants in the learning
process and feedback with the teacher;
Providing individual and group independent work.
The mechanism of selfregulation of the learning process in the environment is based on
direct and feedback in the "teacherILEstudent" system. IES is considered by us as a complex of
components (blocks), which ensures the system integration of NIT into the learning process of a
foreign language. Part of the ILE are students, teachers and "external" participants in the learning
process, whose interaction is carried out using modern telecommunications means. Information
knowledge flows (incoming, outgoing and intraspecific) are the most dynamic part, uniting
various components of this anthropocentric system into a single whole. These links should be
open, dialogical in nature and ensure interaction between participants in the learning process
between themselves and with the external environment. The basic condition determining the
successful functioning of the entire system of educational activities in the ILE is the willingness
of the participants in the learning process to interact in the new environment. A readiness means
a number of psychological and pedagogical conditions that form the basis for implementing the
ILE to support the foreign language course, which we will discuss below. Despite the fact that
the ILE is characterized by a high degree of control of the learner over the course of training, in
which the computer only creates an operating environment, training activities in such
environments need more management from the teacher to uncover all the possibilities of the
environment, since the new information will not become "knowledge "Student until these
fragments of information are integrated into the already existing body of personal knowledge.Such integration depends on the teacher who has access to the history of student knowledge
accumulation and is inclined to support them in the implementation of the necessary integrative
steps.
Effective independent learning activity on the development of a foreign language is
possible only if the timely feedback and control functions are provided. We can talk about two
types of feedback in the ILE. The first type is information that comes from one or another
training or testing program included in the learning process in response to the student's actions.
This feedback is characterized by promptness, enables the trainee to make an informed
conclusion about the success or inaccuracy of training activity, it encourages him to reflect,
stimulates further actions, helps evaluate and correct the results. The second type of feedback is
the reaction of the teacher or other participants in the learning process (native speakers, project
partners, etc.) to the activity of the trainee. It can be either operational or delayed, but only to
some extent. In the context of telecommunication interaction, when the nonverbal
communication channels of participants in the learning process are overlapped, special attention
should be given to the timeliness of this communication, ILE constructive and positive attitude.
When organizing project activities, an important task of project managers from both sides is to
provide operational feedback as a reaction to the result of the activities of partners.
Systematically and rationally organized feedback in the performance of assignments in the ILE is
extremely important, as it contributes to the formation of a stable positive motivation for
students' learning activities.
As shown in the works of IA. Winter, A.K. Markova, A.A. Leontief, E.I. Passova, R.C.
Gardner and other researchers, the nature of motivation in learning a foreign language can be
different. For optimal organization of educational activities in ILE, it is necessary to know the
types of motivation that exist for trainees. The development of internal motives that come from
the most foreignlanguage activity is the main task of training in the ILE, since in this case
"motivation is not motivated but stimulated from outside, not imposed on it, but is a direct
product of the learning method itself "[7]. In solving this problem, it is of particular importance
to take into account the parameters that are inherent in a particular individual, namely: personal
experience, the context of activities, interests, emotions and others.
When forming an independent educational activity in the ILE, it is necessary to pay
attention to such factors as emotional coloring of the linguistic material, ILE significance, the
degree of connection with the main activity, and the personal characteristics of the subjects. To
achieve the emotional coloration of teaching a foreign language, it is necessary to involve special
groups of techniques that contribute to the development of a positive emotional background for
the trainees, such as the alternation of various types of educational activity, as early as possible,
the targeted integration of communication with native speakers in the learning process, the use of
cognitive educational and authentic texts . The development of interest in learning and positive
associations is realized through acquaintance with the regional information, cultural aspects of
the country of the studied language, acquaintance with the personal sites of wellknown
specialists, translators for whom the studied language is not the main specialty. Control over the
emotional background of the trainees is also important because independent communicative
activity in an open telecommunication environment can be spontaneous (this applies mainly to
spontaneously occurring realtime communications carried out in IRC, ICQ, etc.). Negative
communicative experience can lead to such psychological conditions as frustration, a drop ininterest in the language being studied. Therefore, the teacher's task is to direct the
communication process in a constructive way, taking into account the language knowledge of the
trainee at each stage, as well as ensuring the interest in communication partners.
Communication with the main educational activity and thereby increasing the importance
of the learning process is achieved through the purposeful use of ILE resources in the modeling
of the use of a foreign language in the future professional activities of students. At the initial
stage, the resources of the environment should be used to expand the professional horizon and
acquire knowledge about the specifics of the sphere of his professional activity in the country of
the studied language. This information can be presented in the native language or the first
foreign language of the trainee, and at later stages, the development of cognitive activity of
students should be carried out using the means of the language being studied (working with
authentic texts on the specialty, project activity on specialty subjects, passive or active
participation in thematic discussion groups And mailing lists and other activities).
Accounting for the individual differences of trainees is also an important condition for an
effective learning process for a foreign language, which is revealed in the works of a number of
educators and psychologists (MK Kabardov, SL Rubinstein, BM Teplov, LA YakobovILE, ).
The attitude towards the student as the subject of the educational process in the ILE should
ideally be "related to the right of each student's choice of his own technology of mastering a
foreign language, taking into account the individual psychological features of the subject
attention, memory, thinking, the type of nervous activity; it is based on the study of individual
typical processes and methods of mastering a foreign language speech, on the identification of
psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the individualoriginal ways of mastering a foreign
language "[1]. The principle of individualization is realized when accounting for motivational
attitudes, the selection of texts for reading, when choosing partners for communication. And,
finally, the educational activity in the ILE will be maximally effective if it goes to the level of
cocreation of all participants in the learning process trainees and teachers, trainees and native
speakers, trainees and representatives of the network community who study this foreign
language. When using the principles of personalityoriented developmental education, the ILE
appears as an organism that is in constant development and improvement, characterized by the
personal involvement of all participants in the learning process. Cocreation manifests ILEelf in
the joint development of the environment, the renewal of ILE resources, as well as in the
"dialogical comprehension of personalities" of each other, in the disclosure of the personal,
internal content of the communication partner. The active use of the productivity of the
environment or the "produced" content of training, meaning the realization for the learner of the
opportunity not only to acquire linguistic knowledge, but also to create and represent their own
"products" of linguistic activity, even if not very perfect, is a pronounced characteristic of ILE
that should be Is constantly in demand by the teacher when organizing independent work. In the
role of knowledge representation tools (cognitive tools), text editors, hypertext environments,
graphic editors and programs for creating presentations, programming languages, databases, etc.
can act. The result of this activity is some product that the trainee creates, "externalizing" his
knowledge, previously passed the process of "internalization" [11].
Joint development of the environment can take place in both informal and formal regimes.
The rapid growth of network information resources on the subject of study, the constant updating
of the content of already existing resources leads to the fact that the teacher can not physicallymonitor all new information. Compensatory activity is manifested in the fact that trainees and
other participants in the learning process exchange information and links to the resources
discovered or created by them, which are of interest to the learning process. Support of the
environment is also possible through organized learning activities in the form of purposeful
search, analysis and description of resources or the creation of educational software as a form of
independent, course or even thesis work. Thus, a value form of communication is established, in
which each participant of the educational process is disclosed as a linguistic personality and
represents an equal member of the ILE. Such methods of organizing the pedagogical interaction
of the teacher and student fully correspond to the paradigm of the humanisticoriented learning
process, which involves open interpersonal communication in the language of study in the forms
of cooperation, cocreation, mutual assistance. The development of the environment ILEelf, ILE
viability largely depends on how effectively this condition is realized.
Main conclusions. At the heart of the approach we considered to reform the methods of
professionally oriented learning a foreign language using new information technologies is the
use in the educational process of the concept of an information and learning environment.
Informationlearning environment is considered in close connection with the system of
developmental learning and represents a set of conditions that not only allow to form and
develop the language knowledge, skills and skills of a future specialist, but also contribute to the
development of his personality. The educational situation is projected in such an environment as
a dynamic process of interaction between all participants of the learning process mediated by
computer technologies, during which the learner, as more and more active, deep and allround
participation in the process of independent learning activity on the development of a foreign
language, turns from a passive object of the teacher's influence A fullfledged participant in the
educational process. The effective organization of the educational process in the ILE depends
both on the organizational and technical factors, such as the level of development of the
information and telecommunication infrastructure of the university and the inclusion of students
in this infrastructure, as well as from the whole complex of psychological and pedagogical
conditions that need to be developed in the process of interaction between subjects of the
educational process. Such conditions include monitoring the motivational background of
learning and ILE development, constant feedback and strengthening the functions of monitoring
the learning process, the purposeful modeling of the use of a foreign language in the future
professional activity of students, taking into account individual differences of trainees, the
language cocreation of all participants in the educational process in supporting and developing
the environment .
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