Данная презентация создана для сопровождения публичной защиты проекта на тему "Popularity and Varities of the English Language". В ней отражены следующие аспекты: происхождение английского языка; исторические события и три периода в истории английского языка; распространение английского языка; причины популярности английского языка в современном мире; варианты английского языка и др. Презентация служит также прекрасным материалом при прохождении этой темы учебной программы.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language.ppt
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
«POPULARITY AND
«POPULARITY AND
VARITIES OF THE
VARITIES OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
AMERICAN VARIANT OF
AMERICAN VARIANT OF
THETHE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE»
ENGLISH LANGUAGE»
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
The Roots of the English
The Roots of the English
Language
Language
• The 5th century: the
AngloSaxon tribes
came to the British Isles
and brought their
language. English rose
from it, it was called
Old English.
• Before it – Celtic and
Latin had coexisted.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Historic events and
Historic events and
in the history of English
in the history of English
Three periods
Three periods
• The introductory of
Christianity
• The Old English period
from the 5th until the 11th
cent.
• The substitution of the Latin
alphabet
• The AngloSaxon Invasion
• The Scandinavian Invasion
• The Norman Conquest
• The introduction of printing
• The Middle English period
from the 11th until the 15th
cent.
• The New English period
from the 15th century up to
now
70 % borrowings
30% OE words
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
The Expansion of English
The Expansion of English
The first reason – the beginning (1853) and the growth of
•
•
the British Empire
1603 – Scotland and Ireland
1620 – the first English settlers in America, the colonization of the
New World
• The 18th century – Canada, India, Australia
“The sun never sets on the British Empire”
Towards the beginning of the 20th century the British Empire
territory – 30 mln sq km population – 500 mln people
The second reason – the growing economic and
cultural influence of the USA and its status as a global super state
since World War II.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Modern English-speaking
Modern English-speaking
WorldWorld
It is the main language in the United States, the United
Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, but it is also the
main language in many countries of Africa and the Caribbean,
on the islands of the Pacific, Indian and the Atlantic oceans:
Fiji, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malta,
Botswana, Cameroon, Dominica, the Federal states of
Micronesia, the Marshal Islands, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Namibia,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Seychelles,
Sierra Leona, the Solomon Islands, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, South and West Africa.
English is “semiofficial” in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei,
Malaysia, Тhe Arab Emirates and Israel.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Popularity of the English Language
Popularity of the English Language
• English is the most taught and the most studied
language in the world.
• English, precisely – American English is turning into
universal global language.
• Today milliards of people in the whole world speak
English on this or that level.
• Nowadays the English language is the language of
international communication; it is the language of
uptodate global economy; it is the language of the
advanced science and high technologies. English is
the universal language of communications – from
the international language of aviation and tourism to
the language of email, the Internet and computer
language.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Variants of
Variants of
English
English
The following varieties of the English
language are distinguished: British,
American, Australian, Canadian,
Caribbean, East African, Indian, Irish,
New Zealand, Scottish, South African,
Welsh and West African.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
American variety of the English language
American variety of the English language
The distinctive peculiarities of American and British varieties of the English
language are especially seen in the areas of semantics, spelling,
pronunciation and grammar.
Semantics. Type I: same objects, different names (sweets – candy)
Type II: same word, different meanings (American/English “false friends”:
chips – fries; crisps – chips)
Spelling. Some of differences affect individual words; some of them involve
particular letter sequences, they are regular and predictable (ouror,
treter, ncense, lll)
Pronunciation. Sounds [a:][э];[o][a];[ju:][u]; rcolouring; nasalization of
the vowels. Different patterns in stress and intonation (the latter are
less “rich”; highlow tunes are “smoothed”)
Grammar. Forms of the past tense and past participle; subjectverb agreement;
use of the Present Perfect Tense; preference to “old” synthetic forms
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Conservatism of American
Conservatism of American
variety of English
variety of English
Most of the peculiarities of American pronunciation, spelling,
semantics and grammar are not innovations, but rather
preserved features of British English of the 17th and 18th
centuries.
The basis of American variant is the language which was brought
to America by the first settlers on the ship “Mayflower” in 1620. A lot
of processes, which were taking place in the development of the
English language, had not been completed yet. The settlers were
simple, ordinary, badly educated people. They were very far from
science and tendencies of the development of the language.
That is why the Americans speak English which has not
undergone all changes of the third period and remained at the level
of the 17th century.
It concerns pronunciation of the vowels, differences in spelling
and grammar, their preference to the old synthetic forms, some old
forms of participle II.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
To sum up
To sum up
• We carried out the aim – we have
gained an understanding of
differences between American
English and British English;
analyzed and grounded these
differences.
• We have considered geographical
spreading of the English language
across the world and grounded the
reasons why so many countries
use this language.
• We have analyzed all found
information in which areas there
are more differences between
British and American varieties of
English and have systematized
this information.
• We have concluded that American
English is more archaic,
conservative and is behind British
English in its development; but at
the same time it easily accepts
new words of emigrants.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
The main conclusion
The main conclusion
We realized the importance of learning English. Not
knowing it may become a very serious obstacle to
social adaptation and a person’s development in our
new global world.
Global English is gradually, and very fast, becoming
the most spreading language in the world, and will
probably be the second language of the mankind very
soon.
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
Materials Used
Materials Used
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
M. Benson, E. Benson, R. Ilson. The BBI Combinatory Dictionary
of English. – M.: The Russian Language, 1990.
M. Goldenkov. Cool English. – Minsk: Galaxias, 1996.
A. S. Hornby. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. – Oxford.: OUP, 1995.
A. Kunin. English – Russian Phraseological Dictionary. M.: State
Publishing House of Foreign and National Dictionaries, 1956.
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. – Oxford:
Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006.
A. I. Smirnitsky. Lectures on the History of English. – M.:
“Dobrosvet”, 2006.
http://miresperanto.narod.ru
Popularity and Varities of the English Language
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ATTENTION
GOODBYE
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