Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
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английский язык
8 кл
31.05.2017
В пособии представлена система правил образования новых производных слов. Описываются возможности расширения активного словаря за счёт новых словообразовательных элементов. Предлагается система правил, тренировочных упражнений, тестовый материал по теме. Системное представление информации задания разного вида позволяют использовать материал в группах с различным уровнем мотивации.Пособие содержит справочную информацию, тренировочные упражнения и тесты по словообразованию
Пособие Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса.doc
Пособие
«Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство
расширения словарного запаса»
Содержание:
1. Вступление.
2. Модели словообразования
значения префиксов
значения суффиксов
варианты тестового контроля
3. Конверсия
4. Тренировочные упражнения
5. Образцы заданий в формате ЕГЭ.
1. Совокупность правил образования новых производных слов можно обозначить
термином «грамматика словообразования».
Задача расширения потенциального словаря за счёт словообразовательных
элементов предполагает создание системы знаний и тренировочных упражнений по теме.
Знание словообразовательных аффиксов и навык их использования необходим как в
рецептивных так и в продуктивных видах речевой деятельности. Развитию этой части
лингвистического компонента коммуникативной компетенции следует уделять внимание.
Знание правил позволит определить часть речи, место слова в предложении, а значит и
форму.
Эти умения контролируются в заданиях по формату ЕГЭ в разделе «Лексика и
грамматика» и представляют определённую трудность для выполнения.
2. Наиболее употребительные модели словообразования.
Значения префиксов.
Префикс
Значение
Bi
Pre
Semi
Counter
Два
До
Половина
Контр
Пример
Biweekly
Prehistoric
Semidetached
Counterраrt
(a) We managed to drive the enemy back, but they attacked.
(b) The back wheel of a ___cycle bears more weight than the front wheel.
(c) Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago in ______historic times.
(d) The pupils' desks were arranged in a _______circle round the teacher.
(e) His father is Greek and his mother is Italian so he's ______lingual.
(f) It was a ______lateral agreement, signed by India and Pakistan.
(g) Bibby is three. She goes to a _______school playgroup every morning.
(h) The ______espionage department has caught three foreign spies. (i) Houses in Britain are often built in pairs. They're called ________detached.
(j) He was only _______conscious when the ambulance arrived and he died in hospital.
Inter
Re
Co
Ex
Между
Снова
С, вместе
До, бывший
International
Reread
Cooperating
Exhusband
(a) The______pilot took over the plane's controls while the captain had a coffee and sandwich,
(b). The US and the USSR can attack each other with ______continental missiles.
(c) Germany and France are ______operating on the design of a new spacerocket.
(d) She's divorced but she's still on good terms with her ______husband.
(e) Does ______national sport really improve relations between countries?
(f) The teacher told his student to ______write his bad composition.
(g) The local trains are slow but the ______city services are excellent.
(h) Most houses need to be ______painted every five to seven years.
(i) Men who once served in the armed services are called ______servicemen.
(j) Both boys and girls go to that school. It's ______educational
Non
Anti
Post
Mono
Нет
Против
После
Один
Nonstop
Antiwar
Postgraduate
Monorail
(а) He got his university degree last year. Now he's doing ______graduate studies.
(b) Some flights go from London to the Middle East______stop.
(c) The words “fat”, “help” and “come” are all ______ syllables.
(d) That's ______sense! You don't know what you're talking about!
(e) The principal______war problem was to rebuild the destroyed cities and industries.
(f) Maybe future trains will run on just a single rail. This system is called a ______rail.
(g) To prevent petrol from freezing, put ______freeze in the tank.
(h) I'm not______marriage. I think it's a very good custom.
(i) I'm afraid the club is not open to ______members.
Trans
Super
De
Multi
Через
Свыше
Против
Много
Transatlantic
Supernatural
Deforested
Multimillionaire
(a) The countryside is becoming ______forested so quickly that soon there'll be no trees left at
all.
(b) He works in London and in New York so he's a regular ______atlantic air passenger.
(c) The train became ______railed at 60 miles per hour but no one was seriously hurt.
(d) He was so powerful that he sometimes seemed almost ______human.
(e) It is now possible to ______plant a heart from a dead person to a living one.
(f) Britain has people from all over the world. It's a ______racial society.
(g) The villages are becoming ______populated as more and more people move to the cities. (h) He believes in ghosts and magic and other ______natural things.
(i) Concorde is a ______sonic plane. It flies faster than sound.
(j) He's incredibly rich. He's certainly a ______millionaire.
Over
Under
Сверх (пере)
Не достаточно
Overdo
Underpaid
(a) He needs a good holiday. He's suffering from ______work.
(b) She didn't hear the alarm clock and ______slept.
(c) It needs to be cooked a little more. It's ______done.
(d)You've ______charged me. The price is Ј8 not Ј10.
(e)They say they're ______paid and want more money.
(f) There aren't enough people in the country. It's ______populated.
(g) There were too many people in the room. It was ______crowded.
(h) Rich nations should give more aid to ______developed countries.
(i) He's fat and lazy. It's because he ______ eats.
(j) We ______estimated the cost of the holiday and ran out of money.
Dis
Un
Отрицание
Не
Disagree
Uncomfortable
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
a(n)
to
comfortable chair
believable story
punctual train
respectful pupil
popular man
honest shopkeeper
lucky accident
familiar city
grateful child
lock a door
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
obey an order
believe a story
agree with someone
load a ship
approve of someone
like cheese
button a jacket
appear round the corner
cover buried treasure
trust a politician
Im
In
Ir
Отрицание
Отрицание
Отрицание
Immoral
Inattentive
Irregular
an ____resistible temptation
an ____expensive present
an ____possible plan
an ____legal business deal
an ____accurate calculation
an ____patient motorist
an ____mature young man
an ____relevant question
an ____polite letter
an ____literate person
____frequent buses
____legible handwriting
an ____curable illness
an ____regular train service an ____convenient arrangement
an ____logical answer
an ____moral action
an ____dependent country
____ formal clothes
an ____replaceable work of art
Вариант тестового контроля
Prefixes (e.g. un, dis, re)
Use a prefix from the left and a word from the right and complete the sentences below.
un
im
in
il
ir
dis
possible
correct
friendly
honest
regular
visible
legible
employed
Patient
responsible
1 Nobody at the party talked to us they were very.....................................
2 I can't read this at all; her handwriting is completely...................................
3 It's a very depressed area and almost 20% of young adults are....................................
4 You can't see where my jacket was mended. The repair is completely..............................
5 I find it very hard to remember the past tense of lots of..................................verbs.
6.......................................Bob's so that he's just not prepared to wait for the right
opportuniry.
7 It was very.................................to go out and leave those two children alone.
8 It says here we lost £300 last week, but these figures must be...................................Check
them again, Sue!
9 His brother steals money and tells lies he's very..............................
10 She says it can't be done, but I don't accept that. Nothing is ……………………
Replace the underlined words and phrases with a word of the same meaning which begins
with the prefix given.
Example: That child looks very sad. unhappy
1 I'm sure that's against the law. il..................................
2 The doctor told me to take off my clothes. un..................................
3 We don't have the same opinion about this. dis..................................
4 His room is always in a mess. un..............................
5 I'm afraid she doesn't like onions. dis.................................
6 That was very rude, wasn't it? im.................................
Match the prefixes in the box with the meanings below. (There are two prefixes for one
meaning.)
1 do something again
2 do something badly or incorrectly
3 reverse an action
4 do something too much
over
dis
mis
un
re Complete these sentences with a suitable verb, using a prefix.
Example: If she fails her exam, she can .retake..............it in the autumn.
1 I wrote the wrong answer because I............................the question.
2 When I...........................I feel even more tired when I wake up.
3 I got to the hotel at 4.00 but I couldn't.............................my stuff until later.
4 I turned left instead of right. Obviously I............................what she said.
5 It's closed for the summer, but it will...........................in September.
6 The children were here a minute ago, but now they've ………………….
7 John had a key but it wouldn't.............................the door.
8 A: It says here £3, but the man asked me for £5.
B: In that case he has...........................you.
9 Do you think I can............................my homework if it's not very good
take
pack
do
open
lock
sleep
understand
appear
hear
charge
Значения суффиксов.
Суффикс
ish
Значение
Иметь качество
Пример
Childish
(a)
He lives in one small room and he hasn't many needs. He leads an almost _____life.
(b) He is usually a very fine actor, but last night he was terrible, really ______.
(c) He's nearly eighteen but he still has very______attitudes and interests.
(d) He behaved very badly at lunch. He really has ______manners.
(e) She still wears rather young ______fashions.
ful
less
Иметь, быть с чемлибо Careful
Недостаток, быть без
Waterless
thoughtful harmful successful friendless thoughtless harmless beautiful waterless
(a) The Sahara Desert is a vast ______area which runs from east to west across Africa.
(b) This present is just what I want and need. How ______of you.
(c) I hope you are ______in your exams.
(d) Don't be afraid of the dog. He's ______.
(e) It was very ______of you to play the radio so loud so late at night.
(f) She's very ______. Three artists have painted her.
(g)I was alone and ______ in a strange city.
er,or
Тот, кто делает
(активно)
Helper, actor
teach
direct
beg
interpret
translate
sing
govern
collect
sail
murder
operate
demonstrate
rob
survive
inspect
act
buy
edit
work
ski
donate
visit
produce
travel
compete
swim
instruct
contribute announce
admire
decorate
supply
control
elect
write
investigate
photograph
create
manage
lie
ist
ment
ness
(i)ty
(t)ion
en
(i)fy
ize
Описание человека
Поступок, действие
Качество
Состояние
Действие или его
результат
Становиться
Делать
Превращаться
Economist
Development
Softness
Activity
Creation
Weaken
Сlassify
Realize
Вариант тестового контроля
Noun suffixes (e.g. /on, it/, ment)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word on the right.
Example: Who made the
arrange
for the meeting?
discuss
1 We had a very heated..........................in class today.
punctual
2 I think............................. is very important.
3 The............................. of the festival was excellent.
organise
elect
4 Who won the............................?
5 He’s never been very good at.........................
spell
happy
6 Their............................is all that matters to me.
7 The............................. between them is incredible.
similar
improve
8 Has there been much.......................... lately?
9 Have they got all the..........................they need?
inform
10 This animal only appears during the hours of......................
dark
Complete the crossword. What is the opposite of the word in the tented box?
1 the opposite of 'clever'
2 running for pleasure and to keep fit
3 to 'get better'
4 to talk about something in a serious way
5 to choose someone by voting for them
6
someone who arrives at the right time is this
6
7 someone who paints pictures
The opposite of the word in the box is........................
1
2
3
4
5
7 Complete these tables and underline the main stress as in the example.
Verb General noun Adjective Noun
educate ...education............ popular ……………………..
manage .………………….. weak …………………….
translate …………………... stupid …………………….
hesitate …………………...
What do we call these people?
Example: a person who dances – dancer
1 a person who murders someone
2 a person who acts
3 a person who works in economics
4 a person who farms
5 a person who translates
6 a person who employs other people
7 a person who works in psychology
8 a person who sings
9 a person who operates something
10 a person who plays football
11 a person who directs films
12 a person who writes articles in a newspaper представляет трудность понимания изза отсутствия системы словообразовательных
3. Конверсия частей речи
элементов.
Глагол может быть образован от существительного и прилагательного
существительное от глагола и прилагательного прилагательное – от существительного и
глагола.
Представим данный круговорот на схеме:
Глагол Прилагательное
ive,
ative
tion
men
t
ance
age
nes
s
ty
do
m
th
ful
less
al
ous
ish
able
ic
Существительное Существительное
ist, hood
ship, ism
Существительные могут быть образованы от прилагательных с помощью
суффиксов:
Прилагательн
ое
convenient
redundant
opposite
soft
durable
Перевод
Суффикс Существительное
Перевод
Удобный
Избыточный
противоположный
Мягкий
Протяженный
се
су
tion
ness
ty
convenience
redundancy
opposition
softness
durability
удобство
избыточность
противоположность
мягкость
протяженность
Существительные могут образовываться от глаголов помощью суффиксов:
Глагол
Перевод
Суффикс Существительное
Перевод
buy
act
store
Покупать
Играть
Накапливать
ег
or
ress
age
buyer
actor
actress
storage
покупатель
актер
актриса
накопление accept
agree
authorize
Принимать
Соглашаться
Утверждать
ance
ment
acceptance
agreement
sion/tion authorization
принятие
соглашение
утверждение
Прилагательные могут быть образованы от существительных
с помощью суффиксов:
Существительно
е
ability
mention
distance
frequency
juice
poison
poet
friend
Перевод
Возможность
Намерение
Расстояние
Частота
Сок
Яд
Поэт
Друг
Суффикс
able/ible
al
ant
ent
у
ous
ic
ly
Прилагательно
е
possible
intentional
distant
frequent
juicy
poisonous
poetic
friendly
Перевод
возможный
намеренный
отдаленный
частый
сочный
ядовитый
поэтический
дружеский
для развития навыков употребления словообразовательных моделей.
4. Тренировочные упражнения
Use the given word at the end of each line to form a word that fits the gap in the same line.
1. When I'm asked if cell phones should be allowed in school
I always answer: No! You know that authorities have
____________forbidden the use of cell phones by
____________because of the risk of accidents.
In a classroom, we don't _____have students
driving cars, of course, but we conduct a wide variety of
____________that also require much
____________from the student as traffic does from a driver
recent
motor
typical
active
attentive
* * *
*
1. The ____________of pop music is steadily growing.
2. I always work best under ____________
3. He has ____________in passing all the exams.
4. It's the most ____________episode in the book.
* * *
*
2. You must take into ____________that the process
of computerization is growing ____________nowadays.
Today computers are used in every ____________.
Without a good ____________of computers you
can't expect to find ____________these days.
* * *
popular
press
success
drama
consider
rapid
busy
know
employ *
3. I've received ____________letter from my daughter Anne
today in which she tells me about her first ____________
of living and studying in Britain. She ____________
likes drama classes at college, but finds the social life there
a bit ____________. I advised her to make as many
friends as she could because it was the best way of not
feeling lonely and ____________culture shock.
other
impress
special
bore
come 1. People often dream about being rich and ____________
but in reality this is not as ____________as it seems.
In fact, it can be quite the opposite!
2. Just having a ____________or handsome face which
everyone recognizes causes ____________problems.
3. If you go out, you'll have to hide your ____________
not to be attacked by ____________fans.
4. Of course, bodyguards can be ____________
to protect you from ____________meetings with
the public, but eventually you realize the ____________
truth: you are no longer ____________to do exactly
what you would like to!
5. Learning foreign languages is a strong
____________nowadays.
6. ____________changes seriously affect crops.
7. There arc no ____________areas in my country.
8. Does he ____________what I mean?
9. It's a good ____________of the latest methods.
10. Nobody noticed his ____________.
11. I can't ____________the meaning of this word.
12. The __________ parents waited anxiously for the news.
fame
desire
beauty
end
identify
enthusiasm
help
harm
pain
ability
necessary
climate
mountain
reality
describe
disappear
definition
worry
5. Образцы заданий в формате ЕГЭ.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11В16 так, чтобы они грамматически и
лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.
PEACE MONTH
Organizers of this year's Peace Month are encouraging
B11 ____________schoolchildren and adults to send them
ART
drawings, paintings or photographs.
B12 These must ____________the theme of peace and include
the slogan 'Take A Step For Peace'.
B13 The ____________will include two categories one
for under18s and a second for adults over 18.
The deadline for entries is 29th July, and the winner of each
B14 category will win art ____________.
B15 Entries can be any form of art, ____________it can be
reproduced on printed material.
The winning images will also be used in the artwork for all
B16 ____________for Peace Month on posters and on the
website.
THE BRITISH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Air quality in London has improved since the
SYMBOL
COMPETE
EQUIP
PROVIDE
PUBLIC В 11 _________________of the congestion charge, which
INTRODUCE
makes people pay to take their cars into central London.
After decades of being driven away by pollution,
B12
such as otters which used to be
CREATE
endangered species are returning to British rivers.
'The British are realising that their daytoday
B13 _________________have an impact on the environment. CHOOSE
And they are realising that these things directly
B14 ________________their families' health,' says recycling EFFECT
campaigner Georgina Bloomfield from the organization Friends of the
Earth.
So more and more British people are washing out jam jars
and putting them in recycling bins or writing to local
B15 _________________about the environment.
POLITICS
It seems that most British people want to make a
B16 _________________ and that's exactly what they're doing. DIFFERENT
CHIMPS USE TOOLS
Bll __________________cameras in the Congolese jungle have
HIDE
captured chimpanzees using 'tool kits' in the form of sticks to break into a
termite mound, so that they can eat the termites inside it.
This is believed to be the most sophisticated
B12 _________________activity ever recorded in great apes.
CULTURE
B13 The film is thought to be the first____________
DEMONSTRATE
that chimps can copy each other to carry out complex tasks involving
the use of tools.
В 14 It is possibly the most______________example of a
IMPRESS
growing body of evidence concerning the use of tools.
It supports the idea that chimpanzees are one of the few species
other than humans to conform to
B15 ______________traditions passed between members SOCIETY
of a group.
Research on chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos
shows that all four great ape species, have patterns of
B16 _________________known as culture in humans.
BEHAVE
SHOPPING AND TRAFFIC
When a customer buys something in a supermarket, the bar
B11 code on the product is read_____________at the till. ELECTRONIC The information is transmitted to head office, where it is collected and
analysed, and then a schedule for the
B12 ________________of the product to the supplier is
DELIVER
produced.
B13 A miracle of scale, speed and____________, it's
EFFICIENT
the new system of food distribution that has imposed a huge strain on
Britain's transport infrastructure.
Between 35 and 40 per cent of lorries on UK roads today are
B14 ________________in producing and distributing food. INVOLVE
B15 Shopping for food has also made a____________ CONSIDER
contribution to the increase in traffic.
B16 In the last ten years, the average____________
DISTANT
travelled to go shopping went up 30 per cent, as small and local shops came
under pressure from outoftown retail stores and closed.
CHANGES ТО ENGINEERING
Engineering in the transport sector has increasingly become
B11 an area of work for________________educated,
computerliterate professionals.
HIGH
B12 These engineers are facing_____________challenges PRACTICE
in a period of rapid technological advances.
B13 The_________________engineering skills are all still in TRADITION
demand in the transport sector: aerodynamics and mechanics, electrical and
electronic, chemical and materials.
But the big transport projects also require engineers with a
B14 range of other skills,_________project management, INCLUDE
business development, teamwork and even aesthetics.
A new breed of engineers is being trained, with a more global
B15 view of the________________of a complex system
over a period of time.
GROW
B16 A transport system will be in_________for 20 years USEFUL
or more, during which time developments in technology, materials and ways
of thinking will have happened, so design systems have to be flexible.
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
Пособие «Обучающие задания по словообразованию как средство расширения словарного запаса», 8 класс
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