Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous. Сравнение времен в английском языке.

Present Perfect Continuous       Present Perfect

Акцент на продолжительности действия. Неважно, закончилось действие или нет.

I have been cleaning the kitchen all morning. I am very tired. — Я убирала кухню все утро. Я очень устала.

Mary is very studious. She has been doing homework all evening. — Мэри очень прилежная. Она делает домашнее задание весь вечер. Акцент на результате действия. Действие выполнено.

I have cleaned the kitchen. It is as good as new now. — Я убрала кухню. Теперь она как новенькая.

She can go out because she has done her homework. — Она может идти гулять, потому что сделала домашнее задание.

Действие все еще продолжается или только что закончилось. Можно задать вопрос how long? (как долго?).

I have been watching the last season of “Game of Thrones” since yesterday. — Я смотрю последний сезон «Игры престолов» со вчерашнего дня.

They have been hitchhiking for seven years. — Они путешествуют автостопом уже семь лет.   Действие завершено. Можно задать вопросы how much? (сколько?), how many times? (сколько раз?), how often? (как часто?).

I have watched the last episode of “Game of Thrones” three times. — Я посмотрел последнюю серию «Игры престолов» три раза.

I have never hitchhiked in my life. — Я никогда в жизни не путешествовал автостопом.

Present Perfect Continuous       Present Continuous

Действие началось какое-то время назад, длилось и все еще продолжается.

She has been playing volleyball since childhood. She is a real professional. — Она играет в волейбол с детства. Она настоящий профессионал.

I have been washing the car. I need to take a shower. — Я мыл машину. Мне нужно принять душ.       Действие происходит в настоящий момент.

She is playing volleyball. Look — she is wearing black shorts and a white T-shirt. — Она играет в волейбол. Посмотри — на ней черные шорты и белая футболка.

I am washing the car. Then I’ll have a shower. — Я мою машину. Затем я приму душ.

Present Perfect Continuous       Past Continuous

Действие началось в прошлом и либо все еще продолжается, либо у него есть результат в настоящем.

-What have you been doing all day today?

— I have been working on a presentation for our next meeting.

— Чем ты занимался весь день сегодня?

— Я работал над презентацией для нашего следующего собрания.         Действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом.

— What were you doing at 9 p.m. yesterday?

— I was working on a presentation for our next meeting.

— Что ты делал вчера в 9 часов вечера?

— Я работал над презентацией для нашего следующего собрания.

Exercise 1. Составьте предложения в the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

1.       I/to read/this book/for three days.

2.       We/to play volleyball/ for twenty minutes.

3.       She/to clean/the flat/for more than an hour.

4.       Peter/to swim/for half an hour.

5.       Anna/to speak/on the phone/for an hour now.

6.       You/to wait/for a bus/for ten minutes only.

7.       Nelly and Mary/to do the shopping/since early morning.

8.       It/to snow/since last night.

9.       Jack and his friend/ to ride bikes/for three hours now.

10.     The teacher/to explain/ a grammar rule/since the beginning of the lesson.

Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.

1.       Helen … (to wash) the dishes for fifteen minutes.

2.       My classmates … (to write) a dictation since the beginning of the lesson.

3.       Sam … (to drive) a car for five hours now.

4.       I … (to look) for information on the subject since last Friday.

5.       Molly … (to paint) this picture for three days now.

6.       The tourists … (to do) the sightseeing since nine o’clock.

7.       You … (to work) as a computer programmer for more than fifteen years.

8.       The wind … (to blow) since yesterday.

9.       My grandfather … (to collect) coins since he was a boy.

10.     Andy and Den … (to discuss) the plans for their winter holidays for two hours now.

Exercise 3.  Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

1.       You have been writing a report since morning.

2.       We have been working in the garden for three hours.

3.       I have been typing letters since ten o’clock.

4.       Tom has been running for twenty minutes.

5.       A cat has been sitting in the tree for an hour.

6.       Jane has been studying English for two years.

7.       They have been building this house for more than a year.

8.       My parents have been travelling for a week.

9.       I have been having a lesson for fifteen minutes now.

10.     They have been walking since afternoon.

Exercise 4. Сделайте предложения  вопросительными.

1.       He has been boating for four hours.

2.       We have been skating since eleven o’clock.

3.       Lucy has been learning this poem for twenty minutes.

4.       You have been writing this article since afternoon.

5.       My parents have been working in the hospital for thirteen years.

6.       The music has been playing for three hours.

7.       We have been speaking since five o’clock.

8.       Beth has been taking a bath for thirty-five minutes.

9.       They have been preparing for the test for two days.

10.     The baby has been crying for half an hour.