THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№1
Настоящее неопределенное (простое) время употребляется для выражения:
постоянно повторяющегося действия |
I go to school every day.
He lives in a small house not far from us. |
Я хожу в школу каждый день. Он живет в небольшом домике недалеко от нас. |
общеизвестного факта или действия независимого от каких бы то ни было обстоятельств
|
Moscow is the capital of our country.
The sun rises in the east. |
Москва – столица нашей страны.
Солнце встает на востоке. |
Признаками того, что нужно использовать Present Indefinite, являются наречия или обстоятельства, описывающие регулярность действия:
usually |
[ju:Ʒuǝli] |
обычно |
often |
[ɔfǝn] |
часто |
seldom |
[seldǝm] |
редко |
sometimes |
[sʌmtaimz] |
иногда |
never |
[nevǝ] |
никогда |
always |
[ɔ:lveiz] |
всегда |
every |
[evri] |
каждый |
on+ день недели, дата |
on Monday, on the 8th of March |
|
in + время года, месяц, часть дня |
in winter, in April |
|
in the morning |
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утром |
in the afternoon |
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днем |
in the evening |
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вечером |
at night |
[nait] |
ночью |
twice a+ любая единица времени |
|
два раза в |
4 times a + любая единица времени |
four times a week; six times a month |
Наречия обычно ставятся перед глаголом, в предложениях с глаголом to be – после глагола. Словосочетания с every, twice, some, on, in at – в самом начале или в самом конце предложения.
№1. Read and translate from English into Russian:
in spring ___________________________________________________________
at seven o’clock ____________________________________________________
at night ___________________________________________________________
on Saturday ________________________________________________________
in October _________________________________________________________
twice a month ______________________________________________________
never _____________________________________________________________
usually ___________________________________________________________
always ___________________________________________________________
3 times a day _______________________________________________________
often _____________________________________________________________
every summer ____________________________________________________
№2. Translate from Russian into English:
каждую зиму ______________________________________________________
обычно ___________________________________________________________
два раза в неделю ___________________________________________________
в ноябре __________________________________________________________
в десять часов ______________________________________________________
в июле ____________________________________________________________
ночью ____________________________________________________________
вечером ___________________________________________________________
часто______________________________________________________________
никогда ___________________________________________________________
редко ___________________________________________________________
осенью ___________________________________________________________
пять раз в месяц ____________________________________________________
всегда ____________________________________________________________
в декабре __________________________________________________________
зимой ___________________________________________________________
в январе ___________________________________________________________
утром ___________________________________________________________
в одиннадцать часов ________________________________________________
в понедельник _____________________________________________________
во вторник ________________________________________________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№2
СХЕМЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ
В НАСТОЯЩЕМ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
(PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE)
Утвердительное предложение в неопределенном (простом) настоящем времени (Present Indefinite) образуется следующим образом:
____ ‗‗‗ + второстепенные члены предложения (где, когда)
I like apples. |
Я люблю яблоки. |
We live in Bataysk. |
Мы живем в Батайске |
You go to school every day. |
Вы ходите в школу каждый день |
They play football in summer. |
Они играют в футбол летом. |
Если подлежащим является он, она или оно, т.е. he, she, it, то к глаголу- сказуемому добавляется окончание –s* или – es.
Окончание –es добавляется если:
· глагол оканчивается на о, s, ch, sh, x +es
go – goes, dress – dresses, watch – watches, brush – brushes, fix - fixes
· если глагол оканчивается на y, стоящую после согласной, y меняется на i + es study – studies
· глагол to have имеет отдельную форму has
· глагол to be имеет отдельную форму is
____ ‗‗‗s + второстепенные члены предложения (где, когда)
She drinks coffee in the morning |
Утром она пьет кофе. |
My father works in the hospital. |
Мой папа работает в больнице. |
Our cat likes milk. |
Наша кошка любит молоко. |
Обратите внимание как произносится окончание -S/ -ES у глагола?
- [s] после глухих согласных walks
- [z] после звонких согласных и гласных plays, brings
- [iz] после свистящих и шипящих звуков washes, dresses
№3. Распределите глаголы по трем колонкам в зависимости от чтения окончания -s/-es в 3-м лице единственного числа: [s], [z], [iz]. Не забывайте ставить глаголы в форму 3-го лица единственного лица, т.е. добавлять окончания –s или –es
Work, go, know, change, buy, end, play, wash, ride, add, wish, drive, stay, watch, mix, open, do, say, clean, talk, visit, reach, sit, like, love, dance, close, speak, read, finish, fly, run
[s] после глухих согласных |
[z] после звонких согласных и гласных |
[iz] после свистящих и шипящих звуков |
walks |
takes |
fixes |
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ВЫУЧИТЬ ТАБЛИЦУ СПРЯЖЕНИЯ ГЛАГОЛОВ
В PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
на примере глагола to work (работать)
I work |
He works |
She works |
It works |
You work |
We work |
They work |
№4. Проспрягайте следующие глаголы в Present Simple Tense:
make |
dress |
play |
study |
I |
I |
I |
I |
He |
He |
He |
He |
She |
She |
She |
She |
It |
It |
It |
It |
You |
You |
You |
You |
We |
We |
We |
We |
They |
They |
They |
They |
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№3
№5. Напишите нужную форму глагола:
I swim |
He |
She dances |
We |
I help |
She |
He goes |
I |
I jump |
It |
It works |
They |
We like |
He |
She does |
You |
They do |
She |
He watches |
They |
№6. Выберите из скобок нужную форму глагола.
1. She (swim/swims) very well. 2. Luc (live/lives) in London. 3. Jack (come/comes) from the USA. 4. Betty (dance/dances) a little. 5. He (have/has) three brothers. 6. My granny (speak/speaks) French. 7. My cat (sleep/sleeps) on a mat. 8. I often (see/sees) Jane. 9. Ted (like/likes) music. 10. Chris (cook/cooks) cakes quite well.
№7. Допишите окончания глаголов (-s или -es) там, где это нужно.
1. Не go … to school by bus. 2. She like … milk. 3. My father watch … TV in the evening. 4. I play … tennis on Sundays. 5. My brother play … football well. 6. My sister sing … very well. 7. She wash … her face and hands in the morning and in the evening. 8. I usually drink … tea for breakfast. 9. Jane do … her English exercises after school. 10. Peter drive… a car.
№8. Замените местоимение I на местоимения he или she по образцу.
Образец: I go to the office every day. — He goes to the office every day.
1. I write many letters every day.
________________________________________________________________
2. I read books from the library.
________________________________________________________________
3. I study grammar rules by heart
________________________________________________________________
4. I usually go to work by bus.
________________________________________________________________
5. I often meet my friends on the way to work.
________________________________________________________________
6. I work in an office.
________________________________________________________________
7. I come home very late.
________________________________________________________________
8. I have dinner at 9 o’clock.
________________________________________________________________
9. I go to bed at 12 o’clock.
________________________________________________________________
10. I sleep very badly.
________________________________________________________________
11. I often send emails in the evening.
________________________________________________________________
12. I play the guitar every day.
________________________________________________________________
№9. Заполните пропуски, употребив подчеркнутый глагол в нужной форме и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. I wash my hands and she ____________________ her hands too.
________________________________________________________________
2. I do exercises and he ____________________ exercises too.
________________________________________________________________
3. They teach children and she ____________________ children too.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. We go to the forest and Nina ____________________ there too.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. I try to skate and Valera ____________________ to skate too.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. They fly to London and he ____________________to Paris.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
7. We ask him questions and he ____________________ us questions too.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8. You go to school and he ____________________ to school too.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
9. I like ice-cream and my sister____________________ it too.
________________________________________________________________
10. You watch TV and he ____________________ TV too.
________________________________________________________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№4
Образование отрицательной формы
Выучи это стихотворение
Вспомогательный
глагол
В гости к Present Simple шёл.
Распевал он на ходу:
"Я зовусь, ребята,"DO".
Не всегда таким бываю,
Форму я свою меняю.
Если он,оно,она...
Форма "DOES" тогда нужна!
С остальными буду "DO"
И прошу иметь в виду,
Если "DOES" к вам в гости влез,
Основной глагол... без -s."
Ну а если "not" поставишь,
Отрицание добавишь.
А когда вопрос идёт,
"DO"и "DOES"спешат вперёд.
Рассмотрите образование отрицательной формы на примере следующих глаголов:
утвердительное предложение |
отрицательное предложение |
утвердительное предложение |
отрицательное предложение |
I play |
I don't play |
I dress |
I don't dress |
He plays |
He doesn’t play |
He dresses |
He doesn’t dress |
She plays |
She doesn’t play |
She dresses |
She doesn’t dress |
It plays |
It doesn’t play |
It dresses |
It doesn’t dress |
You play |
You don't play |
You dress |
You don't dress |
We play |
We don't play |
We dress |
We don't dress |
They play |
They don't play |
They dress |
They don't dress |
Обратите внимание: don't = do not, doesn’t = does not (don't и doesn’t – это сокращение)
№10. Заполни таблицу:
take |
sleep |
go |
I don't take |
I don't sleep |
I don't go |
He |
He |
He |
She |
She |
She |
It |
It |
It |
You |
You |
You |
We |
We |
We |
They |
They |
They |
№11. Заполните пропуски, используя don’t или doesn’t.
1. We ________ listen to the radio every night.
2. Mr Johnson ________have a car.
3. The boys ________ study at the library every day.
4. These exercises ________ seem very difficult.
5. The men ________ always eat at that cafe.
6. That tall man ________work for this company.
7. The people ________ speak English very well.
№12. Сделайте данные предложения отрицательными.
1. Bess helps her mother.
__________________________________________________________________
2. My friend plays the piano.
__________________________________________________________________
3. We listen to music.
__________________________________________________________________
4. You make a lot of mistakes.
__________________________________________________________________
5. The sister works in the garden.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The small boy rides a bike.
__________________________________________________________________
7. He looks at the pictures in the book.
__________________________________________________________________
8. The workman paints the house.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Richard and Henry swim in the river in summer.
__________________________________________________________________
10. John goes to school by tram.
__________________________________________________________________
11. She gets up at eight o’clock.
__________________________________________________________________
12. He has tea for breakfast.
__________________________________________________________________
13. She usually has dinner at two o’clock.
__________________________________________________________________
14. Peter lives in London.
__________________________________________________________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№5
Закрепление пройденного материала
№13. Выберите нужную форму глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык
1. My teacher sometimes tell / tells us some funny jokes.
__________________________________________________________________
2. The boys never tell / tells us any funny jokes.
__________________________________________________________________
3. We always learn /learns a lot (много) at school.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Mary learn /learns a lot at school.
__________________________________________________________________
5. John read / reads a lot of history books.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The children read / reads a lot of funny books.
__________________________________________________________________
7. English children wear / wears school uniform at school.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Simon wear / wears a blue school uniform at school.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Sandra take / takes sandwiches to school with her.
__________________________________________________________________
10. Most children take / takes sandwiches to school with them.
__________________________________________________________________
11. My parents work / works all day.
__________________________________________________________________
12. My father work / works in a shop
__________________________________________________________________
Вспомните, как образуется отрицательная форма в Present Simple
В каких случаях употребляется вспомогательный глагол do , a в каких случаях does?
№ 14. Вставьте don’t или doesn’t
1. I __________ go shopping with my brother. 2. We __________ use a dictionary in class. 3. My friends __________ study Italian at their school. 4. School __________ finish at 3 o’clock. 5. You __________ leave near me. 6. He __________ like rap music. 7. She __________ do her homework before dinner. 8. We __________ play tennis at school on Wednesday afternoon. 9. I __________ watch TV in the evening. 10. My mother __________ art.
№15. Опровергните и исправьте следующие утверждения. Помните, что глагол to be (am, is, are) образует отрицательную форму по своим правилам
Ann likes lemons (apples) Ann doesn’t like lemons, she likes apples. |
1. My sister plays tennis (basketball)
__________________________________________________________________
2. I like serious music. (Jazz)
__________________________________________________________________
3. Brian drives a motor-cycle (a car)
__________________________________________________________________
4. These men are my friends. (relatives)
__________________________________________________________________
5. Mother cooks dinner (supper)
__________________________________________________________________
6. She knows Spanish (French)
__________________________________________________________________
7. She wants to sleep (to walk)
__________________________________________________________________
8. She is my sister. (cousin)
__________________________________________________________________
9. Jane is a pretty girl. (her sister)
__________________________________________________________________
10. We drink tea in the evening (in the morning)
__________________________________________________________________
11. They begin their work at 8 (at 9)
__________________________________________________________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№6
Образование общего вопроса
Вопрос, который начинается с вспомогательного глагола do/does, называется общим. Такой вопрос соответствует интонационному вопросу в русском языке и требует на себя ответа «да» или «нет»
СРАВНИТЕ
They drink milk in the evening. |
Они вечером пьют молоко. |
Do they drink milk in the evening? |
Они вечером пьют молоко? |
He often goes to the cinema. |
Он часто ходит в кино |
Does he often go to the cinema? |
Он часто ходит в кино? |
Обратите внимание, что у глагола go в вопросительном предложении отсутствует окончание -s |
ВЫУЧИТЕ ТАБЛИЦУ:
утвердительное предложение |
общий вопрос |
«да» |
«нет» |
I work |
Do I work? |
Yes, I do. |
No, I don’t |
He works |
Does he work? |
Yes, he does. |
No, he doesn’t |
She works |
Does she work? |
Yes, she does. |
No, she doesn’t |
It works |
Does it work? |
Yes, it does. |
No, it doesn’t |
You work |
Do you work? |
Yes, you do. |
No, you don’t |
We work |
Do we work? |
Yes, we do. |
No, we don’t |
They work |
Do they work? |
Yes, they do |
No, they don’t |
№16. Заполните пропуски, используя вспомогательные глаголы do или does.
1. __________ you want cream and sugar in your coffee?
2. __________the children go to bed very early?
3. __________ that girl come from South America?
4. __________ you know that Italian student?
5. __________ Miss Stewart prefer coffee or tea?
6. __________ your English lessons seem very difficult?
7. __________ those two women understand that lesson?
№17. Переделайте данные предложения в вопросительные. Задайте общие вопросы, используя вспомогательные глаголы do и does.
1. Mary takes the dog for a walk in the evenings.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Peter buys a morning newspaper every day.
__________________________________________________________________
3. I come to every lesson.
__________________________________________________________________
4. We go to the seaside every summer.
__________________________________________________________________
5. You go shopping on Saturday mornings.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Peter plays the piano very well.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The sun rises in the east.
__________________________________________________________________
8. My big brother knows everything.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Dogs like cats.
__________________________________________________________________
10. All children like chocolate.
__________________________________________________________________
11. It rains very often in autumn.
__________________________________________________________________
№18. Вспомните, как строить краткий
ответ в Present Simple. Ответьте на вопросы.
Постарайтесь честно ответить на вопросы. Для этого нужно понять о чем вас
спрашивают.
1. Do you watch TV in the evening? _______________________
2. Do you go to bed late? _______________________
3. Do you sleep well? _______________________
4. Do you have breakfast at home? _______________________
5. Does your friend often visit you? _______________________
6. Does your friend read books? _______________________
7. Does it often rain in winter? _______________________
8. Does it often rain in autumn? _______________________
9. Does the sun rise in the west? _______________________
10. Does the sun rise in the east? _______________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№7
Образование специальных вопросов
Прочитайте и выучите отрывок из стихотворения английского писателя
Р. Киплинга
I have “six honest [ɔ:nest] serving-men”
They taught [tɔ:t] me all I knew;
Their names are What and Why and When and How
And Where and Who.
I send them over land and sea,
I send them east and west;
But after they have worked for me,
I give them all a rest.
***
Есть у меня шестерка слуг,
Проворных, удалых,
И всё, что вижу я вокруг, –
Всё знаю я от них.
Они по знаку моему являются в нужде.
Зовут их: Как и Почему, Кто, Что, Когда и Где.
Я по морям и по лесам
Гоняю верных слуг.
Потом работаю я сам,
А им даю досуг.
who |
[hu:] |
кто |
what |
[wɔt] |
что, какой |
when |
[wen] |
когда |
where |
[wɛǝ] |
где, куда |
why |
[wai] |
зачем, почему |
how |
[hau] |
как |
how many |
|
сколько |
whose |
[hu:z] |
чей |
whom |
[hu:m] |
кому |
Специальные вопросы - это вопросы к определенному члену предложения. Они призваны уточнять, детализировать информацию.
Специальные вопросы строятся на базе общих вопросов, которые начинаются со вспомогательных глаголов do и does. Но для того, чтобы задать специальный вопрос нужно перед do и does поставить одно из вопросительных слов.
They play computer games in the evening. |
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Do |
they play computer games in the evening? |
Они играют в компьютерные игры вечером? |
When |
do |
they play computer games? |
Когда они играют в компьютерные игры? |
What |
do |
they play in the evening? |
Во что они играют вечером? |
What |
do |
they do in the evening? |
Что они делают вечером? |
What games |
do |
they play in the evening? |
В какие игры они играют вечером? |
How often |
do |
they play computer games in the evening? |
Как часто они вечером играют в компьютерные игры? |
Why |
do |
they play computer games in the evening? |
Почему они играют в компьютерные игры вечером? |
Who |
plays computer games in the evening? |
Кто играет в в компьютерные игры вечером? |
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She gets up at eight o’clock every day. |
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Does |
she get up at eight o’clock every day? |
Она встает каждый день в 8 часов? |
When |
does |
she get up? |
Когда она встает? |
How often |
does |
she get up at eight o’clock? |
Как часто она встает в 8 часов? |
What |
does |
she do at eight o’clock every day? |
Что она делает каждый день в 8 часов? |
Why |
does |
she get up at eight o’clock every day? |
Почему она встает каждый день в 8 часов? |
Who |
gets up at eight o’clock every day? |
Кто встает каждый день в 8 часов? |
№19. Составьте общие и специальные вопросы к предложениям.
1. Sam plays the guitar on Sundays.
…………………………………………………………………………….
What ……………………………………………………………………….
When ………………………………………………………………………..
2. She does her homework every day.
………………………………………………………………………………..
What …………………………………………………………………………
How often (как часто) ………………………………………………………
3. You like swimming in the river in the summer.
……………………………………………………………………………….
Where ……………………………………………………………………….
When …………………………………………………………………………
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№8
Закрепление пройденного материала
№20. Сделайте данные предложения отрицательными.
Помните, что если есть в предложении глаголы to be (am, is, are) или have/has got, то вспомогательный глагол не нужен.
1. They walk in the park on Sunday.
_________________________________________________________________
2. His mother likes tea.
_________________________________________________________________
3. Julia has got a cat.
_________________________________________________________________
4. They are your friends.
_________________________________________________________________
5. Her parents watch TV in the evening.
_________________________________________________________________
6. This flower is beautiful.
_________________________________________________________________
7. Jack and Nick have got a bike.
_________________________________________________________________
8. Mary draws pictures on holidays.
_________________________________________________________________
9. Little Jane has got a new dress.
_________________________________________________________________
10. Pete does his homework.
_________________________________________________________________
11. Pupils do their homework.
_________________________________________________________________
12. I am afraid of snails.
_________________________________________________________________
№21. Образуйте из отрицания утверждения
1. We are not ten. ___________________________________________________
2. She doesn't like milk. ______________________________________________
3. Mike and John are not brothers.
_________________________________________________________________
4. My brother has not got a bike.
_________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t go to school by bus.
_________________________________________________________________
6. She is not a teacher. ______________________________________________
7. I have not got a sister. _____________________________________________
8. My friends do not play football.
_________________________________________________________________
9. My brother doesn’t read books.
_________________________________________________________________
10. I am not tired. __________________________________________________
№22. Задайте общие вопросы к предложениям:
1. She helps old people.
_________________________________________________________________
2. He is an old man.
_________________________________________________________________
3. Our cat has got five kittens.
_________________________________________________________________
4. Her kittens are very funny.
_________________________________________________________________
5. He lives in Novgorod.
_________________________________________________________________
6. We learn new words.
_________________________________________________________________
7. The words are difficult.
_________________________________________________________________
8. Peter plays football in the playground.
_________________________________________________________________
9. Football is his favorite game.
________________________________________________________________
10. Peter has got a new ball.
_________________________________________________________________
№23. Дайте краткие утвердительные ответы на вопросы:
1. Is Ann a nice girl? ______________________________________________
2. Has she got two sisters? _________________________________________
3. Does she like fish? _____________________________________________
4. Do you like to read? ____________________________________________
5. Is this your favorite book? ________________________________________
6. Have you got many books at home? _________________________________
7. Are your parents at work now? _____________________________________
8. Do your parents watch TV in the evening? _____________________________
9. Have they got a car? ______________________________________________
10. Are you happy? _________________________________________________
11. Have you got a dream? ___________________________________________
12. Are you happy? _________________________________________________
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
№9
Закрепление пройденного материала
№24. Задайте общие вопросы к предложениям:
1. He plays football every day.
_________________________________________________________________
2. Irina always wears nice clothes
_________________________________________________________________
3. This is my pen
_________________________________________________________________
4. We have breakfast at 7 o’clock
_________________________________________________________________
5. I never drink coffee
_________________________________________________________________
6. We are afraid of spiders
_________________________________________________________________
7. She likes apples
_________________________________________________________________
8. They are from London
_________________________________________________________________
9. My sister knows her
_________________________________________________________________
10. My mother is a doctor
_________________________________________________________________
№25. Дайте краткие отрицательные ответы на вопросы:
1. Do you know Mark? _______________________________________________
2. Does he like fast cars? ______________________________________________
3. Is Natali beautiful? _______________________________________________
4. Do they live in Moscow? ____________________________________________
5. Does he play football? ______________________________________________
6. Does Peter drink tea? _______________________________________________
7. Are you a manager? _______________________________________________
8. Are they students? _______________________________________________
9. Does Anna love me? _______________________________________________
10. Do they read books? ______________________________________________
11. Have they got 5 lessons today? ______________________________________
12. Has she got a uniform? ____________________________________________
№ 26. Задайте специальные вопросы:
WHERE
1. I live in London.
_________________________________________________________________
2. A book is on the shelf.
_________________________________________________________________
3. We have got a nice house in this country.
_________________________________________________________________
4. He goes to school at nine.
_________________________________________________________________
5. Mike has lunch at home.
_________________________________________________________________
WHEN
1. Ann watches TV in the evening.
_________________________________________________________________
2. They have tea at 5 o’clock.
_________________________________________________________________
3. It is hot in summer.
_________________________________________________________________
4. I play with my friends after my lessons.
_________________________________________________________________
5. Trees are yellow and brown in autumn.
_________________________________________________________________
WHO / WHAT
вопрос к подлежащему всегда задается в 3-м лице ед. числе
1. She knows French.
_________________________________________________________________
2. They have got many problems.
_________________________________________________________________
3. We are here. _____________________________________________________
4. The sofa is at the window.
_________________________________________________________________
5. That boys decide a difficult task.
_________________________________________________________________
WHY
1. John is late for the lesson.
_________________________________________________________________
2. She goes there
_________________________________________________________________
3. I want him call me.
_________________________________________________________________
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