Презентация по англ яз "животные в Австралии"

Australian animals KOALAS and POSSUMS

KOALA Phascolarctos cinereus

This article is about the Australian marsupial. For other uses, see Koala (disambination The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is a thickset arboreal marsupial herbivore native to Australia,  and the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae. The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the  southern part of Cape York Peninsula. Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in  regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. The koalas of South Australia were  largely exterminated during the early part of the 20th century, but the state has since been  repopulated with Victorian stock. The koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia. •Names The word koala comes from the Dharuk gula. Although the vowel /u/ was originally written in the  Latin alphabet as "oo" (in spellings such as coola or koolah), it was changed to "oa" possibly due to  an error. The word is erroneously said to mean "doesn't drink".[3] The scientific name of the koala's genus, Phascolarctos, is derived from Greek phaskolos "pouch"  and arktos "bear". Its species name, cinereus, is Latin and means "ash­coloured". Although the koala is not a bear, English­speaking settlers from the late 18th century first called it  koala bear due to its similarity in appearance to bears. Although taxonomically incorrect, the name  koala bear is still in use today outside Australia[5] — its use is discouraged because of the  inaccuracy in the name.[6][7][8][9][10] Other descriptive English names based on "bear" have included  monkey bear, native bear, and tree­

female male

The koala is broadly similar in appearance to the wombat (its closest living relative), but has a thicker coat, much larger ears, and longer limbs. The koala has large, sharp claws to assist with climbing tree trunks. Weight varies from about 14 kg (31 lb) for a large southern male, to about 5 kg (11 lb) for a small northern female. The koala's five fingers are arranged with opposable thumbs, providing better gripping ability. The first two fingers are positioned in apposition on the front paws, and the first three fingers for the hind paws. The koala is one of the few mammals (other than primates) that has fingerprints. Koala fingerprints are similar to human fingerprints; even with an electron microscope, it can be quite difficult to distinguish between the two.

. Koala and baby on back.

DIET AND BEHAVIOR The koala lives almost entirely on eucalypt leaves. This is likely to be an evolutionary adaptation that takes advantage of an otherwise unfilled ecological niche, since eucalypt leaves are low in protein, high in indigestible substances, and contain phenolic and terpene compounds that are toxic to most species. Like wombats and sloths, the koala has a very low metabolic rate for a mammal and rests motionless for about 16 to 18 hours a day, sleeping most of that time. Koalas can be aggressive towards each other, throwing a foreleg around their opponent and biting, though most aggressive behavior is brief squabbles.[21] Handling koalas may cause them stress,[22] and the issue of aggression and stress from handling is a political issue in Australia.[23][24] Koalas spend about three of their five active hours eating. Feeding occurs at any time of day, but usually at night. Koalas eat an average of 500 g (18 oz) of eucalypt leaves each day, chewing them with powerful jaws to a very fine paste before swallowing. The liver deactivates the toxic components ready for excretion, and the hind gut (especially the caecum) is greatly enlarged to extract the maximum amount of nutrient from the poor quality diet. Much of this is done through bacterial fermentation: while young are being weaned, the mother passes these essential

Conservation status The Australian Government currently lists the koala as a priority species for conservation status assessment. Government estimates of the national koala population numbers in the hundreds of thousands, although other studies have estimated as few as 80,000 koalas left in the wild. The Australian Koala Foundation estimates there are around 100,000 koalas left in the wild. The IUCN lists the species as "Least Concern".[2] The Australian government does not consider the species to be threatened, although the US government has declared the koala a threatened species. The koala inhabits four Australian states. Under state legislation, the species is listed as: Queensland — Common, or "Least Concern Wildlife" throughout the state, except in the South East Queensland bioregion, where it is listed as vulnerable.[29] New South Wales — listed at a state scale as vulnerable, but varying regionally from secure to locally extinct. South Australia — classified as rare. Victoria — The koala population in Victoria was considered large and thriving, according to an article which was last reviewed on 29 October, 2007. The koala was hunted almost to extinction in the early 20th century,[largely for its fur. Millions of furs were traded to Europe and the United States, and the population has not fully recovered from such decimations. Extensive cullings occurred in Queensland in 1915, 1917, and again in 1919 when over one million koalas were killed with guns, poisons, and nooses. The public outcry over the cullings was most likely the first wide-scale environmental issue that rallied Australians. Despite the growing movement to protect native species, the poverty brought about by the drought of 1926–28 led to another 600,000 koalas being killed during a one-month open season in August 1927. Today, habitat loss and the impacts of urbanisation (such as dog attacks and traffic accidents) are the leading threats to the survival of the koala. In recent years, some colonies have been hard hit by disease, especially chlamydia. The koala requires large areas of healthy, connected forest and will travel long distances along tree corridors in search of new territory and mates. The increasing

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I wish I could help them and ban hunti ng the koala s!

we are happy!!!!!

POSSUM

Part IV The aim of the Foundation for Australia’s Most  Endangered Species (FAME) is to prevent  any further extinctions of Australian wildlife.  They actively support projects that will save  endangered wildlife, and work in partnership  with many organizations. It was founded in  Australia in 1993. The headquarters’ is  situated in Mitchem, South Australia. The  members of FAME are volunteers who want  to help to save endangered animals. They  prefer to work with organizations that manage  protected areas where native species can live  naturally in their natural environment, safe  from threats of habitat destroy and  competitors.

.Designed by Vladimir Created By Nick Please save Koalas and possums!!!!