Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс УМК "Rainbow English"

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ Тестовыезадания

эа;ханИЯ оеаниеумении и качесхе

ВЕ РТ И КАЛ Ь ррофа

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ Тестовыезадания

В Е РТ И К АЛ Ь

МОСКВА

дг Грофа

2015

удк 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ-922

А94

Условные знаки:

— предлагаемое задание имеет формат ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен);

личностные качества; метапредметные результаты.

Афанасьева, О. В.

А94 Английский язык. 7 класс : рабочая тетрадь / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2015. — 160 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English).

ISBN 978-5-358-14677-8

Рабочая тетрадь является составной частью УМК по английскому языку для 7 класса серии «Rainbow English» и соответствует ФГОС основного общего образования. Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы учащихся в школе и дома и содержит задания для повторения и закрепления изученного по учебнику материала.

Специальными значками отмечены задания, направленные на формирование метапредметных умений и личностных качеств учащихся. удк 373.167.1:811.111

ББК 81.2Англ-922

Серия «Rainbow English»

Учебное издание

Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна, Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

7 класс

Рабочая тетрадь

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Unit Schools and Schooling

Listening.	4
Reading	6
Speaking	10
IV. Use of English.	12	3
V. Writing ..	25
VI. Just for Fun . Unit The Language of the World	26
l. Listening. .	29
Il. Reading	30
. Speaking	37
IV. Use of English.	39
V. Writing	58
VI. Just for Fun	60
Unit Some Facts about the English-Speaking World	60

66 IV. Use of English. 68

	V. Writing ..			79
	VI. Just for Fun .			82
	Unit Living Things Around		Us
	l. Listening. . Reading Speaking IV. Use of English. . V. Writing . VI. Just for Fun .. Unit The ABC of l. Listening. . Reading Ill. Speaking IV. Use of English . V. Writing VI. Just for Fun	Ecology		83 84 88 90 108 110 1 1 1 112 116 119 131 133
	Unit Living Healthy			83 84 88 90 108 110 1 1 1 112 116 119 131 133
	l. Listening. .			135
	Reading			137
	. Speaking			142
	IV. Use of English			144
5	V. Writing			158
	VI. Just for Fun			159

Schools and Schooling

Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, (1), and match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one statement you don't have to use.

Statements

a) The student says that his/her teacher changed his/her attitude ^lto one of the school subjects.

b) The student says his/her test results were always worse than his/her knowledge.

c) The student says his parents were surprised at his/her marks in sciences.

d) The student says his/her father and mother liked their child's results in school subjects.

The student says he/she was fond of his/her fellow students as well as the teachers.

¹attitude [ ^lætltju:d] — OTH01L1eHHe

Listen to the text "School Uniform", (2), and write answers to

these questions.

1. Do all schools in Britain have school uniforms?

2. Is the speaker for school uniforms or against them?

3. Why does the speaker say that a uniform saves ^ltime?

What doesn't the speaker like in school uniforms?

5. Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don't they?

6. Why does the speaker think jeans are the best thing for a school uniform?

7. What uniforms in the speaker's view are good for the summer?

¹to save [sew] — 3ð.: 3KOHOMHTb

8. Who thinks vidual dress

Read the words in

[baitDlacËi]

[tkemlstri]

[IdlkSnri]

[111tratSa]

['srzaz]

Read the words, check, @ (4).

that everybody has to form ^ltheir own indisense2?

['forma]	['prarmari]
[,mæ9êtmætrks] ['finks]	['rnba]
[IstAdrz]	[llaudli]
['pelpa]	[ifeltitlp]

transcriptions, then listen and check, (3).

word combinations and sentences, then listen and

a) age, backpack, chalk, examination, science, foreign, geography, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil sharpener, pencil case, secondary, subject

b) a good education, my best schoolmate, a primary school, a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a famous college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of glue, a pair of scissors

c) Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom. This school is the best place in the town to get secondary education. Joe doesn't know mathematics very well. Physics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off her coat and entered the classroom. We decided to talk our holidays plans over. Secondary education is free in this country. He is interested in stamps and has a good collection of them. Are only children different?

Read the paragraphs of the text (a—f) and put them in their logical order.

a) We parted at the school gates, I joined my schoolmates and my father went off. Ours was just a small village school, with no rooms upstairs at all. There were about sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went from five to eleven. We had four classrooms and four teachers.

b) The next day was Thursday, and before we set out for the walk to my school that morning, I went around behind the house and picked two apples from our tree, one for my father and one for me.7 c) A teacher, called Captain [ ^Ikæptln] Lancaster, taught the nine- and ten-year-oldsc and my year too. He was an awful man. (During the war against Hitler he was a captain in the army.) He told us to call him Captain Lancaster instead of just mister. My father said it was an idiotic thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those military titles. Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and we were afraid of him.

Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person. Mr Corrado took the sevenyear-olds. He was also a decent person. He was a very old teacher, probably sixty or more, but that didn't stop him being in love with Miss Birdseye. We knew he was in love with her because he always gave her the bits of meat at lunch when it was his turn to do the serving. And when she smiled at him, he would smile back in the most romantic way you can imagine.

e) At eight o'clock we started walking down the road to my school in the pale autumn sunshine, eating our apples. I really loved those morning walks to school with my father. We talked practically the whole time. Mostly it was he who talked and I who listened, and just about everything he said was interesting. He was a true countryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wildflowers and the different grasses that grew in the fields. f) It is a most wonderful thing to be able to go out and get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can do this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is ripe but all the same how many families are so lucky? Not one in a thousand, I guess.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).

The holidays were over. Dave,

Jenny and Debbie met in the 8 schoolyard.

We've got school on c Monday. Yuck!

Jenny: True. I can't believe that just a few days ago I was in the mountains in Scotland. What about you, Dave? You were somewhere in the sun. Your face is very brown. nave: Yes. I was in Greece with my parents. It was really hot there.

Debbie: Were you by the sea?

nave: Yes, we were. We stayed at a hotel near the beach. What was it like?

nave: It was really nice and there was a fantastic open swimming pool there. I can't tell you what I liked more swimming in the sea or in the swimming pool.

Jenny: You must be joking, Dave. Nothing can be better than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn't tell us anything about your holidays. What were they like? Where were you?

I spent July with my grandparents in the country- side. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins.

But we returned in the middle of the month.

Jenny: Why?

They go to school in Berlin and they had to be back there before the 18th August.

School in August? Yuck.

Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel that I already miss school, and classes and our teachers.

So do I. By the way, we are going to have a new teacher, Miss Richardson.

Are we? What subject is she going to teach?

How interesting! Is she young? Where is she from?

I can't answer all your questions, guys. I don't know. But I'm sure on Monday we'll find it out.

1. Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in Greece.

2. Jenny enjoyed her holidays in Scotland.

3. Jenny thinks that swimming in the pool is worse than swimming in the sea.

4. Debbie spent the summer with her parents.	9
5. Debbie's cousins are pupils of a school	c
in Germany.

6. The friends' new teacher will be at school on Monday.

Read the texts (1—4) and match them with the titles (a—e). There is one title you don't have to use.

a) Fashion and Climate d) Angry and Surprised

b) Useful Advice e) Positive Changes

c) Not Wanted

After lunch the class received the news about going to the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told them we were going there the following Thursday together with their biology teacher. Some of the pupils wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come. I understood that this teacher wasn't their favourite.

2. I soon understood that our classes with the new teacher were quite different from Mr Florian's lessons. Every day they were becoming more and more interesting. The lessons were very informal, we could ask any question and discussed lots of problems important for us. The new teacher gave us much more than the textbook information.

3. When I began my teaching career, dad told me not to bring my pupils' works home. "It shows your poor planning, son," he said. "You'll find soon that you're busy every night. Teaching is like having a bank account. You should have new funds or you are in difficulties. Every teacher should have a fund of ready information and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discoveries, moving around among people."

4. One morning in our geography lesson we discussed the type of dress people wore in different climatic zones: Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, people living in the south and their thin cotton or silk clothes. Larry said that many people in the tropics put very little on and some of them just used a bit of paint here and there.

1. 2. 3.

4. Extra

Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author. Why is it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference between what teachers can do and what pupils can do? What do you feel about it?

The teachers all sit in the staffroom

The teachers all drink tea The teachers talk to each other As cosy as can be.

We have to go out at playtime

Unless we bring a note

Or it's raining heavily

Or we haven't got a coat. We have to do so many things.

Whether we like it or not.

And freeze to death if it's freezing.

And boil to death if it's hot.

The teachers can sit in the staffroom.

And have a nice little chat.

We have to do so many things; Where's the fairness ²in that?

Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention:

e the age people start schooling;

• the number of school years pupils spend at school;

• stages of education;

• if schooling is private or state, if it is free;

• subjects pupils do at school;

• school uniform; school exams.

10 Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner. On Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone.

Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) What are you do-

11 I'm reading a really good book.

What are you doing? c

I'm phoning you.

Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2)

Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do you remember we have to make a talk about my mountain animals in our biology class?

Good idea! (3)

(4) on Tuesday after school?

Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the shopping on Tuesdays.

'Vracy: What about Wednesday?

No, (5) I always go to the swimming pool after school on Wednesdays.

You can go there (6) We have our biology class on Thursday as far as I know. Betty, I don't think you like my idea of doing the task together.

getty: I do. But I don't like to go to the swimming pool on Saturday.

There are so many people there.

Look, why don't we meet tomorrow?

Tracy: OK. (7)

At three o'clock. And you mustn't

be late.

Comment on these proverbs.

Spell the words.
1.	[tsAt*1kt]	subject	9.	[Imju:zlk]
2.	[mrs'terk]		10.	[tedjulker§n]
3.	['prarmari]		11.	['kD11(Ë]
4.	[isalans]		12.
5.	['form] —		13.	['dole]
6.	['kemßtri]		14.
7.	['finks]		15.	[t3:ml
8.			16.	[hæpn]

Learn to walk before you run. 12 Knowledge is power.

- Use of English—

Write the names of these things.

1. exercise

book

10. 11. 12.

15 Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.

backpack, brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign, loudly, paints, paper, pencil case, pencil sharpener, subjects, uniform

14	1. There are pens	and pencils of different colours in my
	pencil case. 2.	I must look this word up in the

3. Bring and

to your art class. 4. I need some to write down your address. 5. I carry my exercise books, textbooks and my daybook to school in

the 6. Grace is a very good student.

She always has good and excellent marks in all the

7. Don't speak so we can hear you well. 8. The students' in this private school is elegant. 9. How many

languages do you know? 10. All my are my good friends. 11. How much did you pay for the ? It's really good. I used

it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time.

16 Match the names of the subjects and their definitions.

1.	Biology	a) the study of numbers and shapes including algebra, ge-
2.	Art	ometry and arithmetic
3.	Mathematics	b) the subject that gives you ideas about composers and
4.	Physics	their works c) a class in which you exer-
5.	Music	cise your body
6.	Literature	d) the science that deals with

energy, studies light,

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11.

Write how many times a week you have these subjects.

1. History	7. English
2. Biology	8. Mathematics
3. Music	9. Russian literature
4. Art	10. Computer studies
5. Russian	11. Physical Education
6. Physics	12. Geography
1. I have	History twice (two times) a week.

3. 4.

5. 6.

10.

11.

12.

18 Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box.

a) piece of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land,

d) piece of music, e) piece of cheese, f) piece of chalk,

g) piece of butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work

1. Jane is writing with a piece o€chalk on the black-

board. 2. May I have one

? It is very sweet and tasty. 3. My parents bought

in the country. They are

8. I'll need a bigger to make soup. 9. I would like a on

my porridge.

19 Use few or little to complete these phrases.

1. little cheese 9. rubbers

2. glue 10. paper

3. boots 11. butter

4. classes 12. paints

5. rulers 13. brushes

6. juice 14.bread milk 15. water

8.work 16. chalk

20 Use that or those to complete these phrases.

1. those boots 9. pair of trousers

2. mistakes 10. slippers

3. pair of shoes 11. pair of stockings trainers 12. pair of mittens

5. gloves 13. jeans

6. pair of socks 14. pair of specs

7. scissors 15.spectacles

8. pair of leggings 16. pair of shorts

Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Mathematics (was/were) was my favourite subject last year, now physics (is/are) 2. There (was/were)

my granny's spectacles on the book she was reading. 3. There (was/ were) a pair of shoes in the hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) a very interesting science. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The

uniforms (is/are) very traditional: black skirts or c trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My jeans (is/ are) a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are)

2. Is Jane going college school? 3. When are the classes on Friday? 4. I'm going to pay the chocolate dollars in the duty-free shop.

5. I'm not sure these facts. 6. Something very unusual happened Mr Carter when he was walking through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk

Helen, please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired your constant lies. 9. what age do children

Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.

1. Who paid for the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get science last Thursday? 3. I don't know what happened them. 4. Brian became a university student

	the age of seventeen. 5. What was Lily's mark the last test? 6. I'm not afraid mice. 7. Are you sure the answer? 8. I'm going to write my grandparents the evening. 9. In this shop you can pay rubles, dollars and euros. 10. I didn't see Mrs Loveday church yesterday. 11. We are tired these boring exercises. 12. Listen me, please.
24	Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
	1.	We know little about the system of educat ion in Canada.	educate
	2.	Robert is a well-known a very good one indeed.	jump
	3.	Little children like to make sandcastles on
		beaches.	sand
	4.	This is a very rule.	use
	5.	Lizzy felt sad and because she had nobody to play with.	happy
	6.	People in Europe have Christmas s in December.	celebrate
	7.	I didn't understand why Greg greeted me	cold

8. We didn't know anything about his

			of badges.	collect
20	9.	The	Mississippi is a great and river in North America.	power
	10.	What	uniforms these of-	beauty

ficers are wearing!

Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right.

Soon I understood I began to like my new

school. I didn't feel (1) unhappy any more.	happy
All my classmates were quite (2)	friend
My new (3) s explained the rules	teach
and other things (4) well. I could understand everything and very soon I became	fair
really (5) Practically all the les-	success
sons were (6) Soon I made friends with many girls and boys of my class.	interest
At first I was rather (7) about the clothes they were wearing. I thought their	critic
skirts and jeans were (8) for school wear but then I understood they wanted	suitable
to look (9) from each other and I	differ

just ignored their clothes.

Write American English words for these British English nouns.

1. autumn fall 3. holidays

2. pupil 4. football

27 Choose the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. People often (say/tell) tell me about their problems.

2. Gwen doesn't (talk/speak) German very well.

3. Mr Brown was (speaking/talking) in front of 21 the school for half an hour. 4. My classmates and me often

(talk/ tell) about our favourite TV shows. 5. Never (tell/say) lies. 6. Try to (say/ tell) the

truth. 7. I don't like physics very much. Everybody (says/ tells) it is a difficult subject, and I agree.

8. Could you (tell/say) us the time, please?

Garry (said/ told) to me he wanted to visit the USA. 10. Sam (said/told),

"I want to see

Brussels. "

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. I hope I'll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese.

It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out) to your parents. 3. The journey to

Australia is very tiring ^l, let's talk him (out of/over) it. 4. I don't understand what the programme of his visit is. Let's talk it (out of/over)

5. I know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let's

talk him (out of/over) taking part

in it. 6. Mike's parents should talk to their son. He always

¹tiring ['talarll)] — YT0MwreJ1bHb1ii

talks (back/over) to his teachers. 7. There is a very nice and fashionable dress in the local shop. I want to talk you (into/over) buying it.

c	1. How do you say	a) Your lesson began 10 minutes
	in	ago. You open the door and
	English?	come in. You say...
	2. Shall I go to the blackboard?	b) Your lesson began 10 minutes
	3. May I come in?	ago. You open the door and
	4. What do we have	before entering you ask...
	to do next?	c) You are not sure what to do
	5. I'm sorry, I'm	after you finish your task.
	late.	You say...
	6. May I take my	d) You didn't come to biology
	seat now?	class yesterday. You want
	7. I couldn't come	to explain to your teacher
	to school yester-	why. You say...
	day. I was un-	e) You left the book where teach-
	well.	ers put your marks at home.
	8. I'm sorry, I	You say...
	haven't got my	f) You are not sure if you should
	daybook with me	leave your seat or can answer
	today.	from it. You say... g) You are not sure if you can go back to your seat. You say... h) You do not know the English

Match the sentences (1—8) with the situations where you can use 22 them (a—h).

equivalent for some Russian word. You say...

1. h

2. 3. 4.

7. 8.

5. 6.

a 30 You already know some English words with school as the first element. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school as the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian.

1. schoolyard — UJKOJ1bHb1ÿ1 ABOP

2. schoolkid

3. school friend 23

4. school dinner c

5. school room

6. schoolwork

7. schoolbook

8. school time

How well do you know the English system of education? Complete the sentences in writing.

1. English pupils start schooling at the age Of five.

Primary education in England lasts

3. Secondary education in England lasts

4, Pupils in England usually leave school at but some of them stay at school for 2 more years.

5. Most children in England do not go to private schools, they go to

6. English schools have no numbers, they

7. Parents do not pay for their children's education

8. English school year never begins

9. In primary schools pupils usually don't wear but in secondary schools

10.

When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to

11. The English school year has terms.

12. Classes are over at

24 13. Pupils go to schooldays a week.

14.

Pupils in English schools dosubjects a week.

15. Lunch break usually lasts

It was autumn. The	weather became (1) cold-	cold
er and the days	(2) Anna	dark
(3) to	feel very tired. One day	begin
she (4)	back home from school.	walk
Suddenly she (5)	she couldn't	feel
stand it any longer.	(6) work at	she
school was getting	(7) and not	bad
(8)	No matter what she	good
(9)	there a lot of	do
(10) in her tests and dictations.		mistake

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

Use a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences.

1. The school in Apple Street is rather old. 2. My son is still at school, he is going to college next year.

3. When do you go to bed? 4. My favourite bed in

the country house is bed near the window. 5. Many families in the USA go to church on Sundays.

o 6. Many churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our house is opposite Baptist church. 8. Church of England is very important in Great Britain. 9. On Sundays

I like to spend some time just lying in bed. 10. When

John became ill, they took him to hospital. 11. The 25 s grey low building is not school, it's hospital.

12. Where is Polly? — She is at work. 13. work

they have done is really successful. 14. Nelly goes to school five days a week. 15. hospital where Doctor Farrel works is not very famous.

Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day (8—10 sentences).

ust for Fun <ÖêOž

36 See if you know the right answer².

1896, where were the first modern Olympics held?

a) France

b) the United

c) Greece

d) Russia

2. Which is the

a) alpha

b) beta

c) iota

d) omega

3. Which is not

a) sight

b) touch

c) smell

d) speech

4. Who painted

States

last letter of the Greek alphabet?

13 one of the five senses?

The Last Supper?

a) Leonardo da Vinci d) Bellini

b) Michelangelo c) Raphael

¹Use a dictionary for this section

²See the answers on page 29

order.

sheep?"

e) "Me!"

U nit f byo

The Language of the World

Listen to what the boy from Norway says about his trip to some European countries, (5), and decide which of the facts (1—7) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).

1. The speaker and his friends are classmates.

2. The three friends are interested in football.

3. The three friends went to Copenhagen to watch a football match.

4. It took the friends about half an hour to find the Irish pub.

5. The boys could hardly understand Danish^l.

6. The boys enjoyed their trip to Europe.

7. English helped them in all European countries.

¹Danish [ ⁱdem1S] — AaTCKHii

Listen, (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5) Glenda Morrison, a linguist, doesn't speak about.

1. It's natural for people to have a "lingua franca".

2. Some European languages were a kind of "lingua franca" at different times.

303. People use English nowadays in different areas of our lives.

4. If your native language is dying out, you must try and keep it alive.

5. Some people dislike the fact that English is becoming the global tongue.

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, (7).

[tfDlau] [pratnauns] ['probabli]

['endlas] [vao'kæbjulari] [ju:slas]

[Imi:nll)] [fæn ^Itæstlk] [dllvelap]

[idlk§nari] [o:fl] [o:liredi]

[pr11f3:] [saund] [tAÏ)]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (8).

a) air, already, beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dislike, even, ever, happening, meeting, speechless, children, borrow, need

b) fresh air, a French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to carry a suitcase, to develop slowly, to dislike swimming, an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting, a fantastic sound

c) I have just finished doing my homework. Bob has read a fantastic book. There was a yellow balloon in the air. Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pronounce this sound, please? I have taken an English dictionary from the library. They don't know any foreign languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you follow me? He hasn't read the letter yet. The student has pronounced the new words slowly.

rri- Read the text and answer the questions after it.

My name is Kate and this summer, in August, I was at the International Camp in Germany, where I studied German. We lived in a small town of Stein 31 [stain], which is situated in Bavaria [be ^lveeriê]. We lived in sin- c gle or double rooms in the building of the castle. Most of the day we spent outside, where the weather was always warm and sunny.

On the second day the lessons started. My teacher's name was Norbert, he lived in Bonn. The lessons were never boring even when we studied grammar. Norbert always knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were people from many countries in my group, I was unable to speak Russian, and that helped my German greatly.

After school twice a week we had a special project lesson (for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest of the time we did fun activities. We did basketball, football, tennis, karate, learned how to do belly dancing, swam in the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to discos etc. Whatever we did, it was interesting.

We also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I liked most about this trip were the cows, which I've never seen so close before.

We went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg [ßæltsb3:g] 1- and then to Munich [ ^Imju:nlk]. They are really beautiful. In Salzburg we visited Mozart's house, and in Munich — the German Museum, the section of space and air travel.

It was really important for me in Stein to talk to people from other countries. Because you don't often talk to young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the USA, England, Wales, France, Spain, Venezuela [,venl ^tzwerla], d Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on. But Russians won 18 of 96 were from our country.

I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and unforgettable people and probably became a little bit more daring ^l. I am sure that life in a foreign country makes people think in a different way. It makes them stronger and more understanding.

1 daring ['dearll)] — OTBaYHb1ii

Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical order.

a) "No wonder you can't do your homework," mama said. "You put it off until you're too tired. You'll never learn anything if you work like that." 33

That was exactly what I felt and I began crying. "I do try," I cried, "but I'm not able to learn French!" "Of course you can do it," said mama. "Look, if I help you..." But I shouted, "No."

Mama smiled and said, "Well, I don't think you'll be able to do any homework today. I have to buy some fish for supper. Come with me and get some fresh air."

b) "All right," I said. We stayed for a while longer because it was such a pleasant place to be.

"Nice to go out to tea with my daughter," said mama at last and smiled. I smiled back.

The bill came and we understood there was not enough money left for fish, but it did not matter.

After this the work did not seem quite so bad.

c) My name is Anna and I am living now in Paris which is a beautiful city. We moved here half a year ago. I go to a French school and have to learn French. I find it very difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework to do each day. History and geography teachers tell us to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also do grammar exercises and all that in a language which I still don't understand.

d) We sat down at one of the little tables.

"Look," said mama. "I know it's difficult for you and I know you're tired. But what can we do? We're living in France and you have to learn French."

"I get so tired," I said, "and I'm getting worse instead of better. I think I'm just one of those people who can't learn languages. "

"That's nonsense, Anna," mama said. "You have done very well so far. And you will learn French, I know you will. I'll tell you what we'll do. It's only two months till Christmas. Will you try just once more? If you feel you still can't manage by Christmas, we'll do something

about it. I don't quite know what, but I promise you I'll think of something. All right?"

e) One evening in my room I was looking at my homework instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting worse and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but it took me so long to translate them into French in my 34 mind that it was usually too late to give them. I was really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked c at my exercise book. It was maths. There was only one word on the page "Problems," nothing more.

f) We walked down the street together without talking.

There was a cake shop next to the fish shop.

"We'll go in here," mama said to my surprise.

"I'll have a cup of tea and you can have a cake; then we'll have a talk."

"Isn't it too expensive?" I asked.

''MTe can buy one cake," mama said.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).

a) often last longer than sixty minutes

b) like the air

c) an American linguist

d) except ⁱon very cold days

e) people create languages

f) and it is not from Guinea²

Have you got any problems with English? Does it sometimes seem too difficult or illogical? Richard Lede-

ou^{^[1]} esting things about his native language. Here are some

of them. irk

ng Let's face it English is a crazy language, the most luna-

Jut ny tic of all languages.

ras	35 In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or

neblue, and blackberries ^lare green, then red and black only

in the end.

There is no egg in eggplant^{^[2]}, no grape in grapefruit, and enno room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple^{^[3]},

and no ham in hamburger.

In this English tongue a guinea pig is not a pig

(2)

Language is (3) we breathe

we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to what we say, we find that hot dogs can be cold and we

can do homework at school. Hours especially rush

hours (4) and most bath-

rooms don't have any baths in them but have showers. Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn't

rule a queendom?

it

If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn't the plural of

booth^{^[4]}be beeth?

If ^{^[5]}people make olive, what do they make baby oil from? If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite of softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameful behaviour and shameless behav-

iour the same? Why are pricey^lobjects less expensive than

c priceless ones?

Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or the stars are out, they are visible^{^[6]}^{^[7]}, but when the lights are out, they are invisible3?

And in what other language can your nose run?

To tell the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That's

because (5) not computers. That's why six, seven, eight and nine change to sixty, sev- enty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do not become twonty, threety, fourty and fivety. That's why we wear a pair of pants but, (6) not a pair of shirts. That's why when I wind up^dmy watch, I start it, but when I wind up^{^[8]}a speech or an essay^{^[9]}, I end it.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Speak about English as a global language. Use these word combinaul tions.

It,

's s.

Speak about how English developed. Mention the following:

• English in the 16th century (on the British Isles and on the continent);

• the importance of English nowadays; people's wish to learn English.

Describe some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention:

what place you have visited; when it was; with whom you went there; what places of interest you saw; t what you liked/disliked there;

• if you used English during your journey.

Complete the dialogue and act it out in class.

Career

So, Linda, you have decided to go to university after school, (1) haven't

c Yes. I think that a university is important nowadays.

True, especially, if you are certain about the kind of education you want to get.

Oh, I'm sure of it. I would like to be a linguist.

So, you are interested in languages, (2) Very much so.

But why (3)

Because languages are like living things, they grow and develop, Some words appear, some disappear. People begin to pronounce old words in different ways. Almost all languages change. English is also changing.

(4) 9.

Yes, I'm going to study it scientifically.

(5)

I mean that I would like to know when English appeared, and how it has changed, how many people know or learn it.

Everybody knows the answer to the last question.

Do they? And (6)

of languages you know.

		tongue	9.
2.	[ikæri]		10.	[saund]
3.	[pryif3:]		11.	[o:llredi]
4.	[pra'naunsl		12.	[I:vn]
5.	[spi:tf]		13.	[Ineva]
6.	['probablil		14.	[dwelop]

Who does not know another language does not know his own. (Goethe)^l

English is a trap? for a foreigner. 39

Spell the words.

7. [ifDlau] 15. [ aonli]

8. [greitl 16. [lealas]

Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences.

borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer, probably, pronounce, speech, vocabulary

1. Are only children really special? 2. My little cousin can

hardly the sound 3. Languages like people are born, change, and can die. 4. I had to

several rubles to pay for the dictionary, the money I had wasn't enough. 5. If you read a lot, your

¹Goethe [ ^Iga:ta] — IdoraHH B0J1b(þraH1' I'ë^rre (1749—1832), 1109T ²trap [træp] — J10BY111Ka

becomes larger. 6. Do you a strong cup of tea to a cup of coffee for breakfast?

I'll start learning French next year but

I haven't decided yet. 8. Mr Farrell's at the

40 opening ceremony was successful. 9. a child

1. There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight jut pages in Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of

he the English language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test

ildpapers and asked us to hand them (in/out) on an Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out) these gifts c

to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked through my notes and handed them (back/out) to

me. 5. "Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English dictionary. Can you hand it (out/over) 'P" 6. Wherever we go, Paul (borrows/ follows) us. 7. The pupil was not sure (of/ from) the word spelling. 8. They have never been (in/to) Japan. 9. My little cousin already has the (dictionary/vocabulary) of 50—60

words. 10. The details of the future project are not clear.

Would you like to talk them (in/over) now?

17 Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences.

1. The new show was really colourful and impressive.		colour
2. Mr Rogers stood for several sec-		speech

onds, he did not know what to simple say.

3. While reading, Gerald couldn't pronounce several words correctly and the teacher asked

him to the text. read

		4. "Mike, you shouldn't be that	care
42		when you write s. You have missed several words again!" 5. Susan Scott is going to become a	dictate
		, she regularly goes to an art	paint
c		school.
		6. The sun was shining in the	bright
		blue sky.	cloud
		7. Professor Springle had a mixed	feel
		of joy and sadness at their final	meet
		8. They are indeed to live on this fantastic island.	luck
		9. Mr Pullin saw rows of serious faces in front of him.	smile
		10. Robert was a nice boy.	friend
	18	Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

In one of his stories Oscar Wilde said that the English have (1) really real everything in common with

(2)

s, America

nowadays, except, of course, language. That was (3)certain

a joke. But

speaking

Oscar Wilde

(5) languages? Their grammar sys-	differ
terns are practically the same, lots of words are the same, but not all of them. The word "home-		43
ly" (6) English means	Britain
(7) and in American English not very good-looking. There is a whole	please
(8) of such words. Sometimes the	collect
same words have not the same (9)	mean

s. For example the verb "to guess" is "to think" in America. Yet, both the nations speak the same language English.

Write out international words from the box.

house, foreigner, play, football, banana, word, grapefruit, orange, television, hockey, drama, paper, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin, coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland, language, avocado, book, golf, progress, school, revolution, tragedy, circus, philosophy, computer, bookcase, president, Internet

tour Write which of these Russian cities you and the members of your family have visited and what cities you haven't been to.

the ar-

1. Moscow 2. St Petersburg

3. Rostov 4. Vologda

5. Smolensk 6. Omsk

7. Vladivostok 8. Tver

7. She goes to the swimming pool five days a week.

8. She goes to any place by car.

9. She has five pets at home.

10. She doesn't live in town any more. She has moved to the country.

23 Write the three forms of these verbs.

1. aeJ1aTb do did done

2. 11HCaTb

3. 6e}KaTb

4. TOBOPHTb

5. ÓpaTb

6. CTaHOBHTbCS1

7. HaqHHaTb

8. llaÅaTb

9. ecrrb

10. qwrarrb

11. 3BOHHTb

12. BHAeœb

13. 6b1Tb

14. AaBaTb

25 Look at the pictures and write

a) what countries David has visited

1. David has visited Italy.

b) to what countries he has not been

c) in what seas he hasn't swum

Black Sea

d) to what rivers and lakes he hasn't swum

Volga Baikal 0b

e) what dishes he hasn't eaten

borsch biyni sushki

26 Write questions and ask your friend to answer them. You want to know if he/she:

1. has spoken to his/her maths teacher — Have you SPOken to your maths teacheû

2. has eaten his lunch

3. has ever fallen from his/her bike —

4. has done his/her homework

5. has ever swum in the ocean

6. has begun doing the project

7. has read "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy

8. has rung his/her parents

9. has handed out the test papers

10. has run the 100-metres race ^l

11. has been to the Bolshoi Theatre

12. has seen Red Square

Write questions to the underlined words.

1. I have been to Africa two times. HOW many times have you been to Africa?

2. Helen has seen some European cities.

3. George has carried three bags downstairs.

4. Chris has done his room very well.

5. They have borrowed a lot of money.

6. The Browns have moved to a three-room flat because

their old flat is too small.

7. They have eaten the whole cake.

8. They have written a very sad letter.

1. I have used this information in my lectures (never).

I have never used this information in my lec-

tures.

2. We have washed our jeans (already).

3. He has decided to take chicken and rice (just). les

4. He has not planted any flowers (yet).

5. Have they been to the museum (already)?

6. Have they spoken to their parents (yet)?

se

7. Has Linda seen mountains (ever)?

8. I have eaten Greek food (never).

9. You have come back (just).

10. She has cleaned the windows (already).

You ask: Have you finished packinB>tour bag yet?

2. You can't believe your eyes. Your friend has already finished packing his bag.

You ask:

3. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner. In ten minutes you want to know if she has already done It

You shout from the bedroom:

4. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave. In ten minutes you come back and see that your sister is playing some computer game. You want to know if she has already washed up.

You ask:

5. Your brother is doing his homework. You know that he has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says he is going for a walk. You want to know if he has al56 ready done everything.

You ask:

6. Your cousin is cleaning the windows in your country house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she sits down in the armchair and begins watching TV. You want to know if she has cleaned all the windows.

You ask:

7. Your friend is not sure what to take for dinner in the restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already decided what to take.

You ask:

8. You want to know if your friend has already seen the new film.

You ask:

9. You are surprised that your friend has so quickly learned the poem by heart. You want to know if she/he has already done it.

try she tou

32 Use a/an or no article to complete these sentences.

1. I have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such

the de-clear water! 3. Penguins are such funny animals!

4. Jane has become such good actress! 5. We have thenever been to such expensive restaurant. 6. They have

never seen such tall building. 7. It was such un-

usual meeting. 8. Richard has given me such tasty

kly

(hesweets. 9. His was such endless speech! 10. It is such

vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such children. 12. It is such big money! 13. This is such helpful information. 14. We are having such lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day!

Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate

forms.

1. You ever (be) to France?

to France?

— Yes. 1

— When you (be) there?

1 (be)

Have you ever been

there last summer.

Write what people can do to master ^lthe foreign language they are learning. What are you doing (8—10 sentences)?

¹to master ['ma:sta] — y.nyt111.1HTb

36 See if you know the right answer^l.

1. What does the

a) fire

b) air

2. What does the

a) air, gas

b) fly

3. What does the

Greek prefix pyro- mean?

c) water

d) land

Greek prefix aero- mean?

c) more

d) none of the above prefix re- mean?

to do something twice c) to change what you've done

b) to do something again d) none of the above

37	4. What does the Greek prefix hyper- mean? a) too small c) too bright b) too slow d) too much 5. What does the prefix octo- mean? a) having ten parts c) having eight parts b) having nine parts d) having seven parts The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c. Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order. a) "Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he was President of the United States. " b) "Ugh! This coffee tastes like soap." c) "It's so bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to phone out for a pizza. " d) "That must be tea, the coffee tastes like glue." e) "You know, my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was a very good pupil. In fact, he was the best pupil in his class. " f) "How's food in your school canteen?" Joke 2 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. See the answers on page 60.

Listen to the text about Canada, (10), and decide which of the folto

lowing is not mentioned in it.

1. The size of the country.

vas his2. The country's geographical position.

3. Some animals living on the territory of the country.

4. A place of natural beauty in Canada.

5. Some old Indian traditions.

big cities.

-neadiny

'kredabl]

Read the words in transcriptions,

[bra:ntS] [In

[ju:kalllptas] [stretfi

	[la:f]	[satpralzd]	[dlizi:z]
62	[plern]	[frendll]	[l'kldna]
	[tpxflkt]	[cba'pæn]	[Idezat]

Alaska	Canberra
the Appalachians	Great Australian Reef
the Colorado	Melbourne
the Grand Canyon	Perth
the Great Plains	Sydney
the Mississippi the Niagara Falls the Rockies	Uluru Rock
Washington, D.C.	China
Texas	Japan

then listen and check, (11).

[Ivæli]

['emptil

Read the geographical names, then listen and check, (12).

Australia

Vietnam

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (13).

a) laughter, flow, womanly, Frenchman, coast, empty, border, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly, suddenly, emu, chain, duckbill, journey

b) the border between two countries, a chain of mountains, situated on the coast, to flow into the ocean, to look perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a desert island, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin suddenly, to my great surprise

c) Lucy wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we heard a loud laughter coming from the nearby house. Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately been to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the mountain the valley looks incredible. He liked to look at autumn leaves when they were falling to the ground. The children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas and eucalyptus trees. An endless desert was stretching in front of our eyes. They destroyed the old market and built several houses in its place. Into what sea does this

Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where does its money come from? Sheep, cattle ^lminerals, wheat, fruit, and wine are some of the answers.

Sheep have been important since the earliest days. Most

Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in Australia in 1797. Merinos are strong animals and live hap pily (1) Now twenty per cent of the world's sheep and live in Australia, mainly in the states New South Wales

and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of the world's wool )orfin,comes from there.

ns,Cattle stations (2) of the north and centre. The is- meat from Australian cattle goes (3)

Gold made Australia rich in the 19th century. The country

also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of see money. But digging for minerals often destroys the land.

at The states Western Australia and New South Wales the las They sell it to the USA, China and Japan.

in nd Australia grows other kinds of food too. In Queensland, the lis

state in the east of the country, they grow bananas. Further south, where (5) apples appear. And in recent years Australia has been making very good wine too.

But Australia is like many other modern countries, because

now most of its workers (6) Two-thirds of them c work in shops, offices, banks or schools.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the paragraphs of the text (a—e) and put them in the logical order.

M. Twain

Father cf the

a) Mark Twain was in love with the great river. He even took his pen name from the call of the men on the boats. They cried "mark twain" when they wanted to say that the river was deep enough for their boats and safe for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on the Mississippi River. They look very much like the steamboats in the pictures of Mark Twain's books.

b) A lot of big and important American cities are situated on the Mississippi's banks. Memphis, the third largest city in the country, is one of them, Thousands of tourists come here to visit Elvis Presley's home. Elvis Presley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made rock 'n 'roll music very popular. The musician died in

Fur-1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest rock singer of all time.

re- c) Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is just a little town on the Mississippi River, but its name 30. is familiar to Americans and people in other countries. Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844

•,ause1853. He copied many of his characters from the

till boys and girls he knew when he was a child. Mark 65 them

Twain's house is now a museum, and across the street is the house of his sweetheart, Laura Hawkins. She became the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about Tom Sawyer and his adventures.

d) After travelling all the way through the United States the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is the place where New Orleans [ ⁱo:lienz] is situated. This city is the home of jazz music and one of the most incredible places in the US. First it was a French city. French culture is still here in the style of cooking, old buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they still celebrate the old French festival of Mardi Gras. During this spring festival people dress in beautiful costumes, sing and dance in the streets.

e) The Mississippi River is the most important river in the United States. Its name means "Father of the Waters". Native Americans gave the river this name long, long ago. The name shows their respect for the great size and the power of the river. The Mississippi is 3,778 km long and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so narrow that you can walk across it in 15 steps. But its water is very clear and cold. By and by the river becomes wider and more powerful.

2. 3.

5. 6.

Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or

Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of Wyoming, USA. The place got its name from David Jackson, a traveller and a hunter, who once lived there. His friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like a hole in the middle of the mountains.

Jackson Hole is a popular holiday place. In summer months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes. Many visitors cross the valley in boats on the Snake River. It turns from side to side, like a snake. The water in the river moves very fast and you have to be brave to travel on it.

Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are shops with cowboy hats and boots and cafés which look like saloons of the American West. Holidaymakers can ride horses or go to a rodeo [rou ^tder] to see traditional competitions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of cowboys and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay on a wild animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild horses and large bulls [bulz]. The animals try to throw the cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to fall off. Another thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a young cow's legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest time wins.

People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to enjoy the best of cowboy and mountain culture.

1. It was David Jackson who gave the valley its name.

2. There are a lot of things people can enjoy doing in Jackson Hole.

3. The Snake River is the longest in Wyoming.

4. It is easy to sail along the Snake River.

5. Horses help people to win in a rodeo.

6. Visitors from abroad come to Jackson Hole for holidays.

Speak about the USA. Mention:

the country's geographical position;

• the country's relief (mountains, plains, lakes and rivers);

• the climate;

• some places of interest;

some cities (including New York and Washington, D.C.); c people and their traditions.

10 Speak about Australia. Mention:

the country's geographical position; the climate and nature in different parts of the country;

• some places of interest in Australia; the Australian Aborigines; some cities (including Canberra); some of Australian curious birds and animals.

Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and act it out.

You and your good friend have won at the city contest of photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Australia. You have to decide which of the two countries to choose. Both of you are interested in taking pictures of natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to some decision.

Complete the dialogue and act it out.

A: My greatest wish is to see the world. I'd like to go travelling.

Really? (1)

A: To some English-speaking country. I've already heard a lot about them, so I'd like to see them with my own eyes.

B: It's a very good idea. (2)

I think I'll go to Australia first.

(3)

A: Because it is such an unusual country.

Say as much as you can about the places of interest in English-speaking countries.

Comment on the following proverbs.

A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.

• So many countries, so many customs.

9. This mighty river flows through the plain.

slow

10. The Sea is a part of the

Arctic Ocean.

Norway

line they called the "Frontier", the land was
full of (2) dangers.	know
It was the land of (3) s, or Na- tive Americans. The pioneers moved farther and farther west until they reached the Pacific Ocean and the frontier was there no longer. But the idea of the land of	India
cowboys and brave	man
(5) s became part of the	hunt
(6) dream. A lot of people still believe that if you are strong and	America
(7) , you can go to the land of	skill
(8) plains and (9)	end, rock
mountains and find your (10)	happy

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. The early (1) Europeans in America lived Europe

on the East Coast. To the west, behind the

there.

18 These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make them correct.

1. Washington, D.C. is a city of skyscrapers. New

Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.

1. Yesterday our teacher gave out some pictures and asked us to describe them in English. 2. the southeast Rus-

sia borders China. 3. We all laughed the funny

71 cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only the back

of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but, please, don't give Sport is good your health.

6. When I asked my question, he looked me surprise. 7. The secret room was situated the back of the house. 8. I took out the key but my surprise the door was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of Mexico. 10. I always give books to the library

time.

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Many rivers (fly/ flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean.

2. The volcano lava (flew/ flowed) down

the hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing)

over the water. 4. They (flew/ flowed) to Sydney early in the morning. 5. (May-

be/ May be) we can listen to this song

again, it's lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be) the most friendly people I've ever met. 7. Jane says she (maybe/may be) a little late for the beginning of the show. 8. (Maybe/ May be) the

story will surprise you but everything I'm going to say is true.

Match the words in the two columns and use the word combinations to complete the sentences.

	1.	incredible	a) road	incredible journey
c	2.	great	b) coast
	3.	laughed	c) surprised d) journey
	5.	pleasantly	e) loudly
	6,	southeast	f) leaves
	7.	lonely	g) surprise
	8.	autumn	h) times

1. We went to East Africa and, believe me, it was an incredible journey. 2. They lived on the

of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean.

3. They brought some colourful from the park to decorate the living room. 4. When 1

showed Colin my pictures, he but said nothing. 5. To my they gave

us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels uncomfort-

able on a at night. 7. I've seen

this film it's one of my favourite. 8. They were to find that

the hotel was so comfortable.

3.	Melbourne	11.		Uluru Rock	73
4.	Grand Canyon	12.		USA

5. Hawaii 13. Australia

6. Sahara Desert 14. Death Valley

7. Rockies

15.

Atlantic Ocean

8. Colorado River

Complete the text with the articles a or the where necessary.

(1) The Dead Sea is really not (2) sea at all,

salty lake. It's nine times saltier than the ocean. (4) Dead Sea is three million years old. There is no life in (5) Dead Sea: its water is too salty for (6) fish or (7) plants to live. (8) Dead Sea is (9) lowest

place on earth. It's very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt crystals are everywhere on (10) shore, they look like (11) ice. Water flows into (12)

Dead Sea from several rivers, but does not flow out.

(13) climate of this territory is sunny and dry. It has 330 full days of (14) sunshine

(15) year.

fish. 8. It (got/ has got) dark about an

hour ago. It's time to go home. 9. The other day we sud-

denly (found/have found) the museum we

wanted to visit. 10. Mary (just had/ has just had)

75 her lunch, she isn't hungry any more.

Use the verbs in brackets in the right tenses — past simple or present perfect.

1. I (meet) met Linda just now. She was talking to our teacher. 2. It's the second time Sally (read)

this story. She likes it a lot. 3. Jason

(buy) a new dictionary the other day. He

is already using it. 4. Colin (just break) his bike. That's why he looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat)

Chinese food several times, but I (never

do) it. 6. It's the first time he (spend)

a month at the sea. He loved it. 7. The

other day we (find) a lovely café and (have) tea there. 8. Some years ago the family (have) a small cottage at the seaside. 9. The children (already leave) home, they are on their way to school. 10. My friend (send)

me several e-mails today. 11. That day

they (hear) the good news and (go)

home at once. 12. Sam (not tell) us about his plans yet. I think he'll do it later.

Complete the sentences with gone or been.

1. Where is your grandad? He has just gone to visit his friend.

2. They haven't to 76

Australia yet, they are planning to

go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna

I don't know. She may be in the market. 4. They've just to Hawaii. Ask them about the place.

5. Has she ever to an English-speaking country? 6. My brother isn't at home. He's to the swimming pool. 7. All my classmates have to the Pushkin Museum, but I haven't. 8. Luke has just

out. Please call him back later. 9. The family

has abroad on holiday. They'll be back home in September. 10. Have you ever to Lake Bai-

kal? You should go there one day.

28 Use the articles a/an or the to complete the sentences.

1. Among the tourists there was a Canadian and two Americans. The Canadian spoke English and French.

1. Most of the Americans live in	America and speak Eng-	77 c
lish. 2. Most of	live in Germany and
speak 3. Most of	live in
England and speak	4. Most of
live in	and speak Norwegian.
5. Most of live	in and
speak Japanese. 6. Most of the	British people live in
and speak	7. Most of
the Italians live in and speak 8. Most of live in Rus- sia and speak 9. Most of live in and speak Vietnamese. 10. Most of the Australians live in and speak

2.	Autumn has come. The beginning to fall off the trees.		are	leaf
3.	It is the building	I've		incredible

2. Japanese are a very hard-working nation. 3. He was Englishman but lived in Spain most of his life. old culture. 7. Mike was Australian but everybody thought that he was American. 8. He said he was

German, not Austrian.

Complete the sentences as in the example.

30 Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

1. It is the first time James has beenone, be abroad. Let's ask him what he feels.

seen.

diers than the Europeans but they were also warm and friendly people. They lived in wooden houses and had wooden boats. They

birds and (5)	catch, fish
and (6) sweet potatoes for food.	79 grow
The Europeans (7) guns, ciga- rettes and diseases that were new to the	bring
Maori, and many of (8) died.	they
Today, most Maori (9) their lifestyle but Maori culture is still very strong. Many schools teach Maori language and train the children in the ways of (10)	change
grandfathers.	they

$êéWriting

Read the text "The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would like to ask to know more about the country.

The Republic of Singapore [tsllja ^lpo.•] is a small island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the country's biggest island and its capital city. A legend says that a prince named the island Singapura, meaning "lion city", because he thought he saw a lion there.

See if you know the right answer ^l

1. What causes a volcano to erupt?

a) magma b) water

c) dust d) none of the above

2. Which holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth c

Thursday of November?

a) Thanksgiving Day b) New Year's Day

c) Christmas Day d) Flag Day

3. Which is the second largest ocean in the world?

a) Pacific b) Atlantic

c) Indian d) Arctic

4. Who explored the South Pacific in the 1700s?

a) Magellan b) Christopher Columbus

c) James Cook d) Roald Amundsen

5. Where is Grand Canyon National Park?

a) Texas b) California

c) Arizona d) Florida

The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c.

36 Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.

"Yes, sir, they're not very good swimmers."

b) "Well just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side of your plate."

c) "Sit down, sir we serve anyone."

d) "Waiter, there's a dead beetle in my soup."

e) "Waiter, do you serve crabs?"

f) "I don't like cheese with holes."

Joke 3

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

¹See the answers on page 82.

Living Things Around Us

üListenin

Listen to the text about New Zealand, (14), and decide which of the facts (1—6) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).

1. The kauri ^lis the main material to build houses in New Zealand.

2. Kauri trees grow in North Island.

3. There are a lot of wooden houses in Wellington.

4. All kauri trees have names.

The kakapo parrot lives only in New Zealand.

6. The kakapo parrot weighs more than any other bird in New Zealand.

Listen, (15), and decide which of the facts is not stated in the text.

1. Kiwi birds are not very big birds.

2. For a long time kiwi birds did not have any enemies on the land where they lived.

3. Kiwi birds are disappearing.

4. The kiwi is the bird that is the symbol of New Zealand.

¹the kauri [ ⁱkauari] — Ha3BaHV-re H3BeCTHoro HOB03eJ1aHACK01'O BHAa AepeBbeB

5. It is not easy to see kiwi birds because of their colour.

6. It is possible to say that kiwi birds are night birds.

üEReadin

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check,

[bri:ö] [twžn] ['similê]

[Ibrelkobl] fin 'klu:drn] [saipo:t]

[ikjuarias] [dSmest1k] ['relativ]

[I ^lspeSali] ['mu:vabl] ['spelJas]

['rern,forlst] [tsalonltlflk] [hard]

(16).

Read the names of animals and plants and the word combinations with them, then listen and check, (17).

a) an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a butterfly, a monkey, a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a lizard, a magpie, a nightingale

b) a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny penguin, a whiteand-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long snake, a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working woodpecker, a white moth

c) a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an elm, a lily, a water lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle

d) a tall beech, an old pine, a fantastic lily, a wonderful bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond, spring yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine, sunflowers in the field

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (18).

a) another, human, close, enjoyable, everyone, fur, hide, including, similar, someone, soil, species

b) a twin brother, to be close to the relatives, to be curious about plants growing in rainforests, including insects, especially domestic animals, common birds, similar problems, a spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual species

c) He has paid for all of us. We have never had anything in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one will be able to find it. Different species of animals live in rainforests. Her parents supported her till she was

twenty-one. A narrow river flows down this beautiful valley. We have been to Canada but never to any other English-speaking countries.

Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).

Chaftes Darwin: How it

85 At the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge University to study religion, but he didn't like it. He didn't spend much time on books, what he loved to do was collecting beetles.

Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his life. A friend invited him on an expedition on his ship the Beagle. Without any clear idea about what he wanted to do with his life, Charles joined the expedition.

The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was a five-year expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles was not really a scientist and he felt terribly seasick but he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He had a great chance to study lots of plants and animals.

When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [V3:d] Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the first time in his life. And he was surprised by the great number and variety of animal species. He started to collect butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells he loved everything. Charles decided to become a scientist.

Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Galapagos [go ^tlæpagas] Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises and other interesting animals. Charles found that each of the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The animals on different islands were a little different. Charles thought that it was strange. At that time people believed that every animal species looked the way God made it.

Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began working hard. So much to do, so many questions to answer. He later said that the two years after his voyage were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book. He also started to think about the Galapagos animals and what he called the "transmutation of species", the slow changing of one species into another. Now we call it "evolution".

1. Darwin was not a good university student.

2. Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the expedition.

3. Darwin enjoyed the expedition.

4. When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands, he already knew what he wanted to do professionally.

5. In London Darwin began to collect material for his book.

6. Darwin never used the word "evolution".

Read the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a— f) . There is c one title you don't have to use.

a) People's Relatives

b) They Are Fairly Different

c) Important Part of the Body

d) Origin of the Name

e) The Best-known Species

f) Their Habits

1. The word lemur [ ^Ili:mê] comes from the Latin word meaning "a ghost". Perhaps this is because they move about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes.

2. Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth for a very long time, but you can find them only in two places on the island Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of Madagascar broke away from the continent of Africa) and the nearby Comori Islands.

3. Some people think that lemurs belong to the family of squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close to us, humans. They are primates.

4. Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave in the air as a form of communication. These big tails also help them balance when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs don't hang from trees by their tails, as some monkeys do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than their bodies.

5. There are many kinds of lemurs. They come in different colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30 grams. The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the past there were also very large lemurs which weighed 240 kilograms, but they have all died out.

6. Lemurs live and move about in groups. They like to sleep during the day and are active during the night. They eat nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. Extra

Read the text and answer the questions after it.

the

Gerald Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of brilliant books about animals, was born in India in 1925. His mother often joked that his first word was "zoo".

When he was three years old, his family moved to Eng-

land, then to the Greek island of Corfu to get away from the terrible English weather. With his mother, his	87
sister Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald spent five years on the island. That was the start of his long career as an animal expert.	c

They lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big scorpion in the garden wall. The scorpion had lots of light brown babies on her back. He put them into a matchbox and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the matchbox on the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot about his new pets. He suddenly remembered about them when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his hand. And the scorpions were free!

Larry shouted "Help!" , the Durrels' dog went wild and the servant dropped a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran all over the room. Gerald had to catch them with a teaspoon, and put them back in the garden wall.

In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of the war. At the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade Zoo where he started looking after the lions and other animals.

On his 21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to collect wild animals for British zoos.

Back home in England he kept a lot of animals monkeys, squirrels, frogs and others in his sister's garden.

Gerald's brother Larry asked him to write about his journeys and voyages to different places. This is how Gerald Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of his most famous books is "My Family and Other Animals".

1. When and where was Gerald Durrel born?

2. How many brothers and sisters did he have?

Or little rabbits in a field at eve — ning,

Lit by a slanting ^lsun.

And then my heart has told me:

These will pass,

Will pass and change, will die and

be no more,

Things bright and green, things young and happy;

And I have gone upon my way

Sorrowfu12

Pádraic Pearse³

Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the following:

feelings the poet has and why he has them;

the three types of wild animals which have given him joy; the things the poet's heart has told him;

• if the lines in the poem rhyme⁴, if it is always important; if you sometimes feel the same.

Speak about flora and fauna of the place where you live. Say:

in what part of Russia you live; what weather is typical of this place in winter and in summer; what plants, trees and flowers grow there; what wild birds and other animals live there; what people do and should do to protect⁵the flora and fauna in your area.

Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.

Have you got a pet, Phil?

(1) Yes I have. It's a dog.

Ùonažd: What is its name? How old is it?

1 slanting ['sla:ntll)] — K aaKa^rry

2 sorrowful ['soraufl] — negaJ1bHb1ìi, ropeCTHb1ñ

3 Pádraic Pearse (1879—1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.

't to rhyme [rarm] —

5 to protect [pra'tekt] — aa114H1uaTb

(2)

Ž)tmažd: So, it's a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3)

I've had Pirate since he was born, for five years already. It's a pleasure to have a dog and a great responsi-

90 bility^ltoo.

(4)

I mean that you must look after your pet, feed him regularly, take the dog out, play with him and train him.

(5)

I do. I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice a year. Dogs may have health problems and it's important to keep them fit.

Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian equivalents? Birds of a feather flock together.

A bird in the hand is worth two An early bird catches the worm.

in the bush.

ofEEn lish.=

Spell the words.
1 . [bri:ö] breathe	9. [tostrltfi
2. ['kjuarias]	10. [trelatlv]
3. [lispeJli]	11. ['rnsekt]
4. [tsalonltlflk]	12. ['komon]
5. ['srmlla]	13. [satpo:t]
6.	14. ['prcban]
7. [Intklu:dll)]	15. [inaltll)gežl]
8. ['hju:man]	16.

responsibility [rltsponsê ^lbllêti] — OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb

Correct the names under the pictures where necessary.

1. poppy 2. tulip 3. elm daffodil

4. oak 5. bluebell 6. shamrock

7. lily 8. water lily 9. pine

10. fir 1 1 . beech 1 2. lily of the valley

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.

especially, similar, shamrock, scientific, hidden, curious, species, relative, bluebell

breathe(2), close, included, humans,

1. A clover leaf with three parts is a shamrock. It is an

92 emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of

blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came to my doctor. He

asked me to in and then to

out through the nose. He wanted to listen to my heart and

lungs. 4. Where have you my keys? Why have you done it? 5. Be careful when you

cross the street here. It's a dangerous place. 6. Rodger, is Uncle Harry your 7. Although the girls were not twins, their shoes and dresses looked

8. Everyone was about

the new student. 9. Men, women and children are

10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the

same of animals? 11. We

not only our relatives but some of our friends on the list of guests. 12. All of the pupils have to

do experiments in Chemistry classes.

16 Write the names of

1. five (or more) animals of white colour

-Z Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.

up, out(2), for, off, from, behind, till, about, to, in

1. My sister and me have always been very close to each

94 other.

2. He is really ill. He has been breathing coal

dust ^lfor many years.

3. It's now very common young people to use gad-

gets wherever possible.

4. Mrs Wilson prefers to hide sad news her nu-

merous relatives.

5. Johnny, do you think you have hidden the

door? I can see you very well, dear.

6. How long is she going to support her children?

think they should begin working.

7. I have always been curious plants and animals

that live and grow in the ocean.

8. The doctor asked me not to breathe for several seconds and then to breathe

9. Actors usually make before going on stage.

10. He is too far away. I can't make what he is

saying.

11. I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson but he made when he saw me.

96 5.

10.

11.

12.

3.	My father told me that a nest with eggs
	in it was one of the most things in the world.	beauty
4.	Once I found a nightingale's nest with		97
	six small eggs in a place in the middle of the field. I thought	grass
	it was and of	danger,
	the bird to build its nest on the ground. But they always do it.	care
5.	During my early years I never had a mo-
	ment's or	unhappy,
6. The where we lived was		ill; build
far from the part of the town.		centre
7. Once on a day in winter		snow
I saw a white hare running in front of me.		quick
8. My father was the most		wonder
and father any boy ever		excite
had. He was a wildly person. And he was a fantastic storyteller. My favourite story was "The Big		fun
Giant", or "The BFG for		friend

short".

9. I spent an morning in

the forest watching birds and listening to their singing.

10. Be dear, the vase

you're holding is

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete

Dogs and fish make (1) fantastic pets. They have something in common but they are quite

(2) Both are (3

animals to

watch. Dogs like performing (4) tricks. They run and jump and follow you.

Bright, (5) (6)

fish are fun to

watch. They swim in their tanks and look just (7)

You can play with a dog. Dogs are

(8) true friends. Fish are not.

On the other hand, fish are (9)

and don't need any (10) care.

A. English people often use word combinations with the What do you think they mean? Write their Russian Look them up to see if your guess was right.

1. I'm going to travel round the world. Oh, to earth, it's too expensive.

enjoy

care

break

the text.

fantasy

differ

wonder

usual

colour tropic

beauty

real expense

medicine

noun "earth equivalents down. come down

100

photos. Where are (others/ the others)

3. Some metals are magnetic (others/ the others)

aren't, are they? 4. Can I have (another/other) piece of cake, please? 5. We decided to (fly/ flow) to Paris, though the weather is not very

good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/ the others) that I'll be late. 7. This is my native (ground/ land) and I love it. 8. The (land/ Earth) goes round the Sun, 9. It was autumn and the leaves were falling down onto the (ground/soil) 10. One

of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the other) ? 11. Don't believe her. She has made the whole story (off/up) 12. The (soil/ground) near the coast is stony, not sandy. 13. Why

should you make (off/ up) so heavily when you

go to school? It's not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out)

with our television and stereo. 15. It was very

noisy in the room and I couldn't make (off/out) what the speaker was saying.

A. Rewrite the sentences using the pronouns from the box instead of those in the sentences.

1. Somebody has stolen my bike. Someone has stolen my bike.

2. Nobody will be able to do that.

a very strange sound a minute ago. 5. We

never (have known/ knew) these facts. Can

you give us some details? 6. This year they (have won/won) two gold medals. 7. I (haven't forgotten/

103

didn't forget) your lie, and I will never

forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has dreamt/dreamt)

to become a naturalist, but, you know, in

the end he (has become/became) a journalist. 9. I (have made/made) coffee. Would

you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry, dear, I (haven't

meant/didn't mean) to offend you.

11. Larry (has put/put) the disk on the

desk a minute ago. Where is it now?

28 Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the sentences.

1. Tree kangaroos live in the New Guinea^lforests. Their tails are longer than the they, long

bodies.

2. The mountain forests of northwest America

have the and the and old, large

the trees on the Earth. tall

3. Some of birds and animals which species

live in the tundra all the year round change colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls,

¹New Guinea ['gmi] — H0Baq I'BVIHe51 (eocyôapcmgo)

snowshoe rabbits, stoats ^land arctic hares turn white in late autumn, and they

change back to summer colours in spring.	they
4. The you go up a mountain, the	high
it gets. 5. Different animals in the savannah eat different. Giraffes feed on branches high in	cold
trees; antelopes feed on branches.	low
6. A desert is an area which has than 25 cm of rain, and very little plant life.	little
7. Many that live near the water	fish

surface²are often blue, green or violet.

a stoat [stout] — ropHoc^rrañ a surface [k3:fis] — r10BepxHOCTb a				ropHoc^rraii




		stoat [staut] —
	8. Bamboo in India, the Far East and China. It is one of the		grow
	growing plants, height [halt] can be about 30 me		fast, it
	tres.				105
	9. The living thing on the Earth is the giant redwood tree, growing in the USA and Canada.		large		c
	tree is 112 m high.		tall
	This is much than the statue of Liberty in New York, which		tall
	at 93 m.		stand

Complete the text using the appropriate forms of the words on the

Part I

One day my father came home and

	(1) brought a small kitten with him.	bring
I	(2) name dad (3) was Major. Major was just a skinny, mewing kitten with a tail like a mouse's. In a few months he	it, say
	fairly bigger and stronger. He	become
	was really the (5) cat in	brave
	the block. When he (6) in the	appear
	yard, all othercats suddenly (7)	run

106

off. Every day Major (8) our

house for several hours. I loved Major and

(9) proud of my cat.

Part 11

One day my dad asked me, "You (1) any changes in Major's behaviour? The cat (2) with us for about a

year, but look, how fat he (3)

I agreed. Every day Major (4)

(5) and (6) And he

(7) much more. My dad smiled, "Probably (8) cat will end up the (9) cat in the town."

One night 1 (10) little strange

sounds, "Peep, peep." They (11) from my closet. It was the middle of the night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds

(12) 1 (13) up and loo-

ked into the closet. Boy, what I (14)

there? You won't believe, but there

(15) Major and five tiny baby kittens.

Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in or in present perfect progressive.

1. It (snow) has been snowing all morning.

snowing. 2. It just (stop)

leave

notice

live become get fat, fat eat we big

hear come

not stop, get; see

be present perfect

And it is still

snowing.

107

Look, how

beautiful the trees are. 3. Jane (play)

volleyball professionally for several

years. 4.

I'm sorry I'm late. How long you (wait)

? 5. Where is Ann? She is up-

stairs, cleaning her bedroom. She (do)

it since morning. 6. I (read) c

the story up to the end. I can't say I like it a

lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She (plant)

flowers since 9 a.m. I don't know if she (plant)

all of them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What

on earth are you doing here? I am trying to find an English-French-Spanish Dictionary. 1 (look)

for it all morning. 9. My cousin (learn)German for five years but

he can hardly speak this language. 10. I (not see)

Albert for more than a month.

11. Ron (read) this book for two

months. When do you think he will finish it?

Read the sentences and write in which of them the action expressed by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and where it is still going on (G).

1. Justin has been playing the piano for an hour already.

2. My hands are dirty because I've been planting flowers in our garden.

3. I'm really tired, Chris. How long are we going to stay in this shop?

We have been doing shopping since morning.

4. — Why are your hands green?

I have been painting the benches in our garden.

5. You have been working on the computer for 3 hours. Don't you think you need a break?

108 6. Olga's sweater is too small for her. She has been wearing it since she was ten.

7. I have been listening to you for half an hour but you haven't even begun answering the question.

8. The children have been writing a test for nearly an hour. I hope they will finish it soon.

Writing

Write greetings cards to your friends and relatives. Social English Section can help you.

1. It is the 31st of December. You are writing to your parents.

o 0 0 0 M O o 0 M o M O Happy New Year dear Mother and Father!

Your son/daughter.

o o o

2. Your brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow.

0 O e o M 0 M 0 M O O

o o

3. It is the 8th of March. You are writing to your Aunt Rachel.

O O o

O o o O o O O o

112

= Listen to the text, @ (20), and decide which of these facts are true false (F) or not stated (NS) in it.

1. Ecological problems have become some of the most important now.

2. People all over the world are trying to solve this problem.

3. During the last two centuries the problem of pollution has become worse.

4. People are trying to keep their environment clean and beautiful.

5. Only big radical steps can help to protect our environment.

6. The text gives examples of only those rules that help to stop pollution.

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, @ (21).

[Inesasri] [ritsponsabl] [pra'tekfn] fin 'vararnmant] [bihervja] [idæml(b] [werst] [salvarv] ['hæbltæt]

[almAIJ] [hnfluans] [pmsn]

[dllsknmfat] [Ikist11Jkt]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (22).

a) nature, unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollution, disagree, enjoyment, law, member, dump, protect, factory, habitat, among, movement

b) between you and me, the beauties of nature, the problems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to pro- tect wildlife, to pollute the environment, to turn into a rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper

c) I'd like to know more about the endangered species of animals living on our planet. Air pollution damages forests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world. What is necessary to save our environment? Everyone hates dishonest behaviour. Don't waste time, help Mother Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me.

There is a great number of factories in this part of the city. By the way, I've taken down everything you said. No one will help us if we don't help ourselves.

Read the text and say which of the following is not mentioned in it.

Our planet is 4,600 million years old. Let's think of it as a person who is forty-six years old. We don't know	1 13
anything about the first	c

seven years of this person's life. We also have very little information about the next thirty-five years. It was only at the age of forty-two that plants began to appear. Dinosaurs and great reptiles [ ⁱreptallz] did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five. Mammals only arrived eight months ago. In the middle of last week apes became ape-like men and began to communicate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice Age covered the Earth.

Modern man has only lived on this planet for about four hours. During the last hour man began to work on land grow plants and keep domestic animals. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds ago.

During those sixty seconds of biological time, modern man has turned a lot of land into a rubbish dump. In one minute he has killed hundreds of species of animals. He has damaged the soil of his planet, cut down its forests. Now modern man stands looking at the damage he has done to the planet like a child stands looking at the toys he has broken. What step will he make next?

1. The age of planet Earth.

2. The period of time when there was no life on the Earth.

3. The period when life began to develop.

4. The activity of man on the Earth.

5. The positive results of people's activity.

6. The negative results of people's activity.

No.

Read the text and complete the sentences after it.

Jason Taylor is a sculptor. He has made underwater sculptures which attract corals. This idea came to Jason when he was swimming in the Caribbean Sea and saw how badly tourists damaged a coral reef. Then Jason thought about making underwater parks of sculptures to attract swimmers. "That could give the real reef time to recover," he says. Over the past twenty years we have lost about 40% of the planet's natural coral reefs. Scientists say we can lose 80% by the year 2050. So Jason Taylor is trying to help our planet with his underwater art. To make his sculptures he 114 uses special eco-friendly materials, like limestone. They don't pollute the ocean and attract sea animals corals, lobsters, crabs, and shrimps.

One of the most famous of Taylor's underwater parks is in Mexico. There he has created a large artificial reef whose size is 420 square metres. Among its 400 sculptures there is a copy of a car. Taylor used a car for his work to show that cars pollute the air on our planet.

Divers like Taylor's underwater parks very much. Every time they visit a park, it looks a little different. "My sculptures change all the time," says Jason. "And this is what I like best, the most wonderful part of my work. One of my sculptures has grown long hair. Some underwater plant started growing on its head and now it has long and beautiful hair."

Jason Taylor began making his underwater sculptures

a) to attract more divers to the Caribbean Sea

b) to save the Caribbean Sea from pollution

c) to save the real reefs from the divers

2. Taylor's underwater parks are

a) a kind of underwater art gallery

b) a home for sea creatures

c) a good place to learn to dive

3. Taylor has created

a) one big underwater park in the Gulf of Mexico

b) several underwater parks

c) several large underwater parks

4. Taylor's underwater parks

a) always develop

b) change from time to time

c) never change

1. 2.

3. 4.

Read the text and mark the sentences as true (T), stated (NS).

Scientists say that Lake Baikal is the oldest lake on planet Earth. Usually lakes don't live longer than a million years but this wonderful lake is more than 25 million years old! For scientists it is a living laboratory of evolution.

Lake Baikal is also the deepest lake in the world, it is 1,637 metres deep from tom. With time the lake becomes wider and is a theory that Lake Baikal is the beginning ocean. The lake holds one-fifth of the planet's

false (F) or not

top to botdeeper. There of a new fresh water

115

and this water is incredibly clean.

Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on the Earth. Everyone who has been on its shores knows how unusual and how mighty it looks. The lake is very difficult to describe: its clear waters change colours all the time. The snows of Siberia come to Lake Baikal in early October. At the end of October ice begins to appear on its surface. In winter the ice gets very thick — well over a metre. (In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War they laid a railway across the ice to carry guns to the front and the ice didn't break under its weight.) In April the ice begins to turn into water and the lake becomes so large that sailors and fishermen here talk of "going to sea".

The water in the lake is never warm. In summer its temperature is about +12 degrees. But a lot of people still enjoy swimming in it. They say swimming in the waters of the lake is good for their health.

Lake Baikal is a living museum of water plants and animals. About 1,500 species of animals here are endemic. Endemic means that you cannot see them anywhere else in the world. The -lake is rich in life. Its waters move vertically, carrying oxygen to the very bottom, The lake still keeps a lot of secrets from people. One great mystery about the lake is how nerpa, the Baikal seal, appeared in the lake which is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean, and made the lake its habitat.

The lake lies among beautiful mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga belong to a national park. The greatest problem here is to keep all this natural

beauty and protect the lake from pollution. Every year the lake attracts more and more tourists, so the task is not at all easy.

1. Lake Baikal can help people to understand how life developed on our planet.

2. The size of the lake changes with time. 116

3. The water in the lake is very clean but cold, c so people don't swim in it.

4. The lake has a number of islands big and small.

5. The lake's flora and fauna make it unique.

6. Some ocean animals live in the lake.

Now people are thinking of organizing the first national park on the shores of the lake.

Speak about why environmental problems have become some of the most important nowadays. Mention the possible results of:

: air, water and soil pollution; global warming; cutting down forests; extinction of plants and animals.

Speak about why we can solve ecological problems only if we work together. Mention:

international cooperation; ecological societies; what everyone can do to help protect nature.

Say as much as you can about protecting wildlife. Use some of the following words and phrases:

• extinct, endangered and protected species; plants and animals; can't protect themselves; damage their natural habitat; disappear from the face of the planet; climatic changes make the problem more serious; study the problem; cooperate with scientists from other countries;

make necessary national and international laws; make international agreements;

• be responsible for one's actions; help to survive.

Continue the dialogue and act it out.

I say, is it true that you've just come back from India?117

Yes, it is. It's been a fantastic journey.c I bet ^l! But why India?

I've always been interested in this country and its culture. India is also a place of great natural beauty with its high mountains, mighty rivers and thick forests.

And what is your greatest impression?

It's difficult to say. Let me think... Maybe the Jog Falls on the Sharavathi River. This place is situated among wooded mountains and it is incredibly beautiful.

I've never heard of it. Is it a big waterfall?

One of the largest in India. It has four cascades of water that fall across a rock wall.

Wow! What else makes the place so special?

It's a home to many species of plants and animals. By the way, the place is becoming more and more popular with tourists.

Do you think they will keep the place unpolluted?

How can they do it?

Yes, you're right.

Complete the dialogue and act it out.

Look, do you always cycle to school?

I try to. (1)

I know that the bicycle is the most eco-friendly transport but (2)

1 | bet! — Mory ceõe rrpewraBHTb!

It's no problem. I just put on warm or waterproof clothes. By the way, there are countries where millions of people use bikes to get to offices, universities and schools.

(3)

Holland is a very good example. The country is successfully solving the problem of air pollution.

118

Well, we all know how badly cars and buses pollute the c

air. If people don't use them, they will cut down on pollution.

I'll think about it. Maybe (5)

13 Read the text and complete the story.

People in the UK think more and more about how our diet can damage the environment. Are you surprised? Do you want to know how it can happen? It's very simple. Lots and lots of airplanes, vans and lorries bring food to our towns and cities where shops and supermarkets sell it. For example, meat may come from New Zealand, tomatoes from Spain and apples from France.

This means that airplanes, vans and lorries burn fuel and pollute the air. People can try to cut down on pollution by eating more local foods. The idea is to eat 90 per cent of our diet from the country where we live. It is better for our health and for the health of our planet.

This may be an example of a healthy menu for the place where I live.

Breakfast:

Lunch:

Dinner:

Tea:

These words belong to Albert Einstein. Comment on them.

: Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.

• I never think of the future comes soon enough.

see with their eyes their minds.

and think with

1 19

A. Einstein

• Small is the number of people who

Spell these words.

1. ['rnfluans] influence 10. ['fæktri] '2. [P3.•sn] 11. [saivarv]

3. [Ineseseri] 12. ['hæbltæt]

4. [imu:vmant] 13. [pollu:Jn]

[tnzymba]

14. [In 'cbnrmant]

6. ['stAdi] 15. [IneltSê]

7. [In ^tvalaranmant]16. [r/sponsrbl]

8. 17. ['memba]

9. 18. [praltekSn]

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1. The teacher thanked his pupils for their good behaviour during the school trip. behave

2. Nobody thought about the comfort

of living in a tent.

3. The child ran to his mother for protect

4. The latest s in science of- develop

ten surprise us.

5. The animal turned with a quickmove

Everyone would like to live in an

pollute

world with clean air and clear

120	water.
c	7. It was dark and the road looked	danger
	8. She was about her age because she wanted to get that job.	honest
	9. Mr Griffin is one of the most men in his country.	power
	10. Alice and Diana about everything.	agree
	11. Wild animals are happier in their habitat than in a zoo. 12. Her story didn't sound true, we all	nature
	it.	believe
	13. I didn't get any real	enjoy

from the game.

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

Christmas is the time of (1) happiness and

happy

(2) but it's not a good

time for everyone. Take turkeys, for example. Every year millions of turkeys end up on a dinner table. But not Lofty. Lofty is

enj oy

bird. He was born on

luck

121

122

4. He will help you if you him well.

5. of few words are the best

6. My friend's hobby is collecting coins, he them for a long time.

7. Everyone wants to live

and have a life.

my homework when my cousin

called to invite me to the skating rink.

9. It isn't a new backpack, 1 it

since last year.

10.They say that Scotland has the number of people with red hair in the

world.

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the right.

Ants (1) have been on planet Earth for

more than 140 (2) years,

(3) than dinosaurs. All ants

live in colonies but there are surprising differences in their way of life and their hab-

its. One of the (4) kinds

of ants is the "army ant". These ants go

ask

man

collect long

have

high

words on the

million long

interesting

mean

out in armies of many (5) They kill and eat anything in their way: insects, snakes, lizards, birds... Now you may ask, "How can a little insect like the ant kill and eat everything in its way?" Well,			thousand	123
there are so many of (6) and if the creature (7)			they not run	c
away, the army ants (8) even if it's a crocodile.		it,	kill
Some army ants make black	ants work	for
them just like slaves. If	you ever	(9)
a colony of	army ants,	be	meet
careful! (10)	ants will	at-	this
tack any living creature	and yes, that

(11) you too!

Match the words with their descriptions.

1. extinct a) stay alive, not to die

2.	habitat	b) make dirty
3.	waste	c) put in danger
4.	pollute	d) the natural home of an animal or plant
5.	survive	e) the conditions in which a person or an
6.	dump	animal lives
7.	endanger	f) no longer living
8.	environ-	g) the physical world around us
	ment	h) throw away rubbish
9.	protect	i) useless material
10.	nature	j) defend from danger, keep safe
1.	2.	3. 4, 5.
6.	7.	8. 9. 10.

that last night the fire several buildings. 7. Is

it to have a visa to go to this country?

8. The weather often us: we usually feel bet-

ter when the sun is shining and the sky is cloudless.

9. We'll make one person for buying the food. 125

10. She the milk into a bowl and left the

bowl at the door. 11. Give yourself time to the problem carefully. 12. He gave me this book in

for my help.

Complete the sentences with the right prepositions where necessary.

1. We had a number Of ideas about how to spend our holidays. 2. My parents' words always had a great influence me. 3. It's really necessary her to spend

more time with her friends. 4. It's very bad that some factories pollute the environment. 5. Please pour some hot water my mug. 6. To stay here any longer will

be a waste time. 7. When I first read the book, it

didn't influence me at all. 8. Jack is a member

our ecological society. 9. The house stood in the

forest the green trees. 10. How can we save our planet danger? 11. We are all responsible

the work we are doing. 12. I'll tell you the truth but it

must be you and me. 13. In this street there are

two food shops and a cinema between. 14. I've lost my way again; it happens me every time I come to

a new place.

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete these sentences.

A. 1. We agreed to meet (among/between) between

2 0'clock and 2:30. 2. She divided the work (among/between) all the pupils in the class. 3. The twins di-

126

vided the chocolate (among/between) them. c 4. I want to tell you something but it's (among/between) you and me. 5. The house stood (among/between) the trees in the middle of the little grove.

1. I quickly took (in/down) her name and ad-

dress. 2. That day I felt unwell and couldn't take (in/down) what the teacher was saying. 3. The plane took (off/ up) for Rome at 9:30. 4. He has taken (off/ up) the piano. 5. It's good manners to take (down/off) your hat when you enter a house.

6. There are a number of simple rules that I hope you'll take (up/in) 7. My brother took (up/ in)

painting only a year ago but he can already paint very well.

Complete this table of pronouns.

you yourself

he him

she it it we ourselves

you they

the school building, prepare for hard work.

8. Our parents were ready to help us, but we decided to do everything 9. The film is brilliant, I'm sure you'll enjoy girls. 10. I'm leaving you for just one

128

minute, George. I hope you will behave

11. This time the boys made a fire and put up the tent all

by 12. We didn't take part in the

match, we just watched it.

28 Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns where necessary.

1. There are many tasty things on the table. Help yourself ^l! 2. Children should know how to behave in public. 3. Did you and your friends enjoy at the picnic yesterday? 4. My little brother likes to hide somewhere in the house and ask us to find him, it's his favourite game. 5. Don't ask me, I have no

idea about it 6. The girls bought

beautiful scarves and were very happy. 7. How is

your head? How are you feeling now?

8. You'll get a nice present if you behave

9. Dress quickly, we must leave the house in ten minutes not to be late. 10. It was very pleasant to

bathe in the river on a hot summer day.

11. My brother made the model of the ship

Help yourself! — Y1'01-gañcfl!

with his own hands. 12. Young children shouldn't live by somebody must look after them. 13. Every morning I make tea for my parents and

29 Use few, a few, little, a little to complete the sentences.

129 1. There are few people who know the truth about those events. 2. I'm sorry to say there's we can do to c help him now. 3. I have books that you may borrow, they will help you with your project. 4. Is there any

soup left? Yes, 5. He lives on his own and

friends visit him nowadays. 6. We hope our team will win: there are really good players in it.

7. It's a very difficult question, may I think

8. I'm afraid, we have information about the expedition. 9. May I have hot water to make a cup of tea, please? 10. I have nothing to say, but I have questions I'd like to ask. 11. There's milk in the bottle, you may have it if you want. 12. of you are old enough to travel on your own. Ask your parent to accompany you.

30 Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. Jack b money for a long time; he enough to buy a new bike.

a) has saved b) has been saving

2. The Smiths the farm since the 1950s.

a) have owned b) have been owning

3. Margo since she was a little girl. Nowadays she

does it professionally.

a) has sung b) has been singing

4. Don to become an ecologist and protect nature.

130

a) has always wanted b) has always been wanting

5. We Russian for many years but we often find the spelling of some Russian words difficult.

a) have learned b) have been learning

6. Becky pets, now she has a number of them.

a) has always loved b) has always been loving

7. Come and have tea with us, I a cup for you.

a) have poured b) have been pouring

8. People about the problem of pollution for more than a hundred years.

a) have known b) have been knowing

9. A number of good books a great influence on me.

a) have had b) have been having

10. The flat looks so nice.

a) Have you cleaned b) Have you been cleaning

Use present perfect or present perfect progressive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. They (be) have been friends for many years and are very devoted to each other.

2. We (not play) this game for a long

time, I don't remember its rules well.

3. What are you laughing at? What (I say)

4. Jane looks tired, I think she (work) the garden.	in
5. This author (write) children's books	for
many years, a lot of people know and read them.	131
6. What (influence) your decision to come an engineer? 7. Scientists at home and abroad (study) the problems of ecology for many years now.	c be-
8. The family (live) at the seaside since af-
ter the war.
9. I (know) Peter since we went to school

together.

10. A number of old trees are lying on the ground. It's clear that a very strong wind (blow)

11. The young people (not meet) for two

years and are happy to see each other again.

12. She'd like to travel about Russia. She (have) this idea since she first saw Lake Baikal.

-Writing

32 Read the text and write 6 questions you could ask about the giant flower.

The largest flower in the world is Rafflesia. It can be 1 metre wide and weighs 10 kilograms! But it smells very unpleasant.


Hi! It's been a long time since I wrote to you. Sorry. In fact, I've been away on a school trip to one of the national parks. We stayed there three days sleeping in guest houses and walking about a lot. I've always been interested in wildlife so I quite enjoyed myself. I can say that I saw a number of interesting animals and learned some important things.

1. Sea snakes can dive 100 metres deep and stay under water for up to 5 hours. Some of them can swim at the

rate of 1 metre per second. 2. can jump

5.5 metres up into a tree. 3. can jump 134 over obstacles as high as 3 metres. Using their powerful

hind legs, they can travel as far as 9 metres in one huge

leap. 4. can swim faster than a cheetah

can run. Its top speed is 109 kilometres per hour.

5. sometimes leap straight into the air

from the tree tops to catch insects. These leaps may be up to 60 metres. 6. can climb incredibly steep

slopes, jump from rock to rock and leap across dangerous

ravines. 7. are fairly large animals but

they are extremely acrobatic. They can move through the trees faster than a man can walk on the ground. They can also walk along small branches high up in the air.

36 Here are three computer jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—f) in the appropriate order.

a) It left its Windows open.

b) Data.

c) Made a website.

d) Why was the computer cold?

e) What does a baby computer call its father?

f) What did the spider do on the computer?

Joke 1 Joke 2 Joke 3

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

Read

[len9]	[autbi:s]	[medsn]
[pelSnt]	[prllskralbl	[ha:mfl]
['Jaolda]	[9raot]	['hederk]	137
[rr'knva]	['rarerk]	[to:lmaust]
[istnmak]	[ISWDlao]

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, (25).

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (26).

a) weakness, quickly, weigh, cough, enough, lung, sneeze, ankle, painful, knee, weight, freshness, stomach, hardly, wrist

b) a sore throat, a heart attack, to prescribe a medicine, to catch a cold, to do somebody harm, junk food, to come down with a cold, a medicine for a weak heart, to recover from earache

c) Has the doctor prescribed you anything for your earache? It really hurts me to swallow. Jack is recovering from a bad cold. Fast food can do a lot of harm to your health. They took Anna with stomachache. We hope you'll recover soon. If you have toothache, go to your dentist. Jill tries to control her weight. Take this medicine for your cough. What can cure him of this disease?

Read the texts (1—5) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.

a) The Food from Abroad

b) The First Meal of the Day

c) Fast Food in Britain

d) Very Popular British Food

e) Typical Food at Different Times of the Day

f) Places to Have Meals

1. Some people like "to go to work on an egg" — they eat an egg for breakfast before going to work. But many more breakfast on cornflakes while others have toast with butter and marmalade. And, whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee.

2. And where do people eat their food when they are at home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the kitchen. They may eat dinner in the kitchen, in the dining room or the living room, often in front of the television. The British often have lunch at school or work.

3. Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the day, some have it in the evening. The traditional meal is meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are chicken, beef (from a cow), pork (from a pig) and lamb (from a young sheep). Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, and cabbage are very popular, but today you can buy vegetables from many countries all 138 through the year. Traditional British meals are sausages, beans ^land mashed potat0², stew (meat cooked with lots c of vegetables), and the Sunday roast.

4. Potatoes first came from South America. Farmers in Peru grew them from the 13th century on, and then the Spanish brought them to Europe in the mid-16th century. In the 17th century potatoes appeared in Britain. Potatoes are one of the most important foods in the British diet and today the British grow six million tons of potatoes every year. Some potatoes have red skins, some white. Sometimes people eat them with the skin, sometimes without. There are many different ways of cooking them.

5. Ice cream appeared in the country in the 1920s. People sold it from bicycles in the streets. Ice cream sellers shouted, "Stop me and buy one!" They rode around the streets playing music, people ran out and bought some ice cream. Nowadays ice cream has become very popular. People often eat it in cinemas and theatres in summer and in winter as a snack or as a dessert after the main dish, for example with a piece of hot apple pie.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. Extra

Read the text and complete the sentences after it.

"Today's newspaper is tomorrow's fish and chips wrapper³, " people said it in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why? Because many years ago sellers packed fish and chips in newspaper to keep them warm. This does not happen any more, for health rea-

1 a bean [bi:n] — 606

2 mashed potato [,mæSt pa ^ltertau] — KapT0(ÞeJ1bHoe mope a wrapper [ⁱræpa] — 06ëp^rroqHaq 6YMara

sons, but fish and chips is still Britain's most favourite fast food.

Fish and chips appeared in the streets of London and other cities in the 1850s, and the first shops to sell them in the 1860s. The most popular kind of fish is cod ^lbut other kinds of white fish are also possible. They cook fish in hot fat²and eat it with chips on which people put salt or tomato sauce. Some people eat bread and butter with their fish and chips.

Fish and chips is very popular with holidaymakers at the seaside, even if the weather is so cold that they have to eat them sitting in their cars! Sometimes people choose fish and chips at the weekend as a change from cooking at home.

A favourite snack (quick food between meals) in Britain is the baked potato, or "potato in its jacket", which is a potato cooked with the skin left on it. "Potatoes in the jackets" have butter, cheese or beans on top. You can buy many other kinds of hot fast food today, for example burgers³and fried chicken from the USA, pizza from Italy, and kebabs [kl ^tbæbz] from the Middle East. You may choose either to "eat in" or "take away".

Sandwiches (either bought or home-made) make a quick lunch and are also very popular. It is easy to take them to school or work. The word "sandwich" comes from a man John Montagu [ ^Imontagju:]. He was the fourth Ear1⁴of Sandwich and lived in the eighteenth century in the English town of Sandwich. He liked to play games at the table for a long time without stopping for a meal. So his cook put some beef⁵between two pieces of bread and made the first sandwich.

1 cod [kDd] — ^rrpecRa

2 fat [fæt] — 'Rup

3 a burger ['bg:ga] — 6yprep

4 an earl [3:11 — rpacþ

5 beef [bi:f] — 1'0BflAHHa

139

1. The British do not sell fish and chips in newspaper any

more because

a) it can't keep them warm for long

b) it is not a fashionable kind of wrapper

c) it can be dangerous for people

2. Fish and chips appeared first

a) in London and then in other cities of Britain c b) in some cities of Britain and then in its capital

c) in British cities in the middle of the 19th century

3. Fish and chips is

a) as popular with the British as "potato in its jacket"

b) more popular with the British than "potato in its jacket"

c) less popular with the British than "potato in its jacket"

4. invented sandwiches in the 18th century.

a) John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich

b) John Montagu's cook

c) The people of the English town of Sandwich

1. 2.

3. 4.

Read the text and complete it with the following phrases (a—g).

a) gas and electricity came into people's houses

b) harder to find and usually expensive

c) for example some sugars and fats

d) an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean

e) in Britain in the middle of the 20th century

f) from the eleventh to the fifteenth century

g) can buy everything under one roof

Britain is (1) For those who live near the sea, fish and shellfish have always been important. Before people had fridges to keep food cold and fresh, they started to keep fish from going bad by salting, drying or smoking it. One thing which has changed is the way some people think about some foods. For example, shellfish ^llike oysters were

shellfish [ⁱJellfiJ] — MOJIJIIOCK

fairly cheap and quite ordinary. They were popular with poor people because anyone could go to a beach and pick

them up, for free. Today they are (2) They have become special.

In older days those who lived away from the sea first ate

wild animals, but then they began keeping sheep, cows and chickens on farms. Farmers grew fruit and vegetables. Dur-

141

ing the Middle Ages, (3) ships brought sugar, nuts and things from far away. When sailors went to foreign places, they brought back more kinds of food. At first only rich people could buy the things brought from overseas, but slowly they became cheaper and easier to find.

When (4) , cooking became much easier. Thanks to fridges and freezers people could keep food much longer.

The diet of many British people is quite different to that of their parents. Today we eat bananas and oranges and can buy them all the year round but it was very difficult

to find them (5) Nowadays we have many more foods to choose from and new ways to cook them, like microwave ovens. But we have less time for shopping and cooking.

These days we drive to supermarkets where we (6)

Some forty years ago people walked to their nearest shops almost every day. They went to the baker's for bread, to the butcher's for meat, to the greengrocer's for fruit and vegetables and so on.

We also know more about health and the body today. Children grow up learning that some foods are good for us

while others, (7) are bad. Some people have tries to change their diet to eat healthier food and most shopping centres have health food shops which sell lots of different natural foods. Some people, called vegetarians choose not to eat meat at all.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

Speaking

Speak about the things that can help people to live healthy. Use the following word combinations.

	• to be physically active	• to sleep enough time
	to take a lot of exercise	• not to watch television a
	to do morning exercises	lot
	to join a sports club	• not to spend hours before
c	• to go to the swimming	the computer
	pool	to keep to a healthy diet
	• to go to the gym regu-	•e to say no to harmful hab-
	larly	its

e to spend much time outdoors

Say what it means to lead a healthy life. Mention the following:

healthy lifestyle;

• healthy eating habits; appropriate time to spend on work and relaxation;

• no to harmful ways.

10 Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.

Well, what seems to be the problem?

Rob: (1) I think I have a sore throat doctor.

So, it hurts to swallow, doesn't it?

(2)

I practically can't eat.

Open your mouth wide. I would like (3)

well, it's rather red.

doctor?

of- English—

Spell the words.

1. [welt] — weight	9. [kDfi
2. [lg ⁱzærnžn]	10. [nst]
3. ['kvwkli] c	11. [ni:] —
4. [ao'bi:s]	12. [priskralb]
5. [1 nnf]	13. [liarelkl
6. [isthmak]	14. [sni:z]
7. ['Jouldo]	15. [medsn]
8. [Oraut]	16. [hen

13 Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences.

ankle, pain, cure, heart, meal, prescribe, swallow, sneezing, habit, coughing, toothache, weight, wrist

1. Do you usually eat at home or go out for a meal in the evening? 2. I think you should give up your harmful —s. 3. Doctor, can you something

for my pain in the left side? 4. How long have you been like that? And how long have you been smoking? 5. When you have a , you should go and

see a dentist. 6. I have had a cold since Monday. Can you

me of it, doctor?

cold. I am coughing and running a high temperature.

view, she should put on throat. She says it hurts her

7. l am coming down with a

and I think I am

8. Lily is too thin. In my

9. Betsy has a sore

to 10. Brenda

has a weak Yesterday she had a strong

in it and they took her to hospital. 11. Russian-speaking people never say they wear watches on their

12. I fell and have twisted ^lmy left

145

Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.

for, of, in, with, by, to, from, up, on, off, down

1. Larry is slowly recovering from his bad cold.

2. Well, what's the menu? 3. Smoking and taking drugs are dangerous people's health. 4. The weight the box was about three pounds, less than one kilogram and a half. 5. Rebecca has been studying medicine four years. 6. Phil says he has a strong pain his right side. 7. I would like to cure you your bad cough. First of all you should give smoking. 8. What medicine has the doctor prescribed your sore throat? 9. I am not sure I like Paul very much. He always walks his nose the air. 10. Chris is taking this medicine his earache. 11. Don't eat too much pizza. You will put

weight. the way, pizza is low vitamins.

12. Our football team brought the opponents their knees. 13. Little Rick is really a pain the neck.

¹to twist — BblBHXHYTb

2. People should get rid ^lof their

	habits.	harm
148	3. The was not easy but now the patient is recovering.	operate
	4. It is to eat so much sugar.	danger
c	5. John is a student of a college.	medicine
	6. Lucy's is not very serious	ill
	but it is very	pleasant
	7. The of the football field is 110 metres.	long
	8. The atmosphere was nice.	real
	We could see and	please,
	faces everywhere.	smile
	9. Doctors have little about this disease.	inform
	10. The air in the room was	smoke

not fresh at all.

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.

A healthier and happier

lifestyle is within reach of everyone. You (1) Simply simple

to get rid — H3ÕaBHTbCfl

follow should sensible^land easy rules. To enjoy a high level of

(2) it is important to

eat adequate food, have enough rest and (3)

Every (4) person

needs to do morning exercises and

exercise to keep fit. Then you will improve

the work of your lungs, heart and blood

well

relax health

regular physical

149

(7) (8) speak- circulate,

ing, aerobic exercises may give you very general good results.

Rewrite the sentences using the phrases from the box .

a real pain in the neck, has got a heart of gold, have her finger in every pie, walks with his nose in the air, a good head on his shoulders, eyes bigger than his stomach, to bring the country to its knees

1. She will do anything for anyone. She is extremely kind and helpful. She has got a heart of gold.

2. My little sister won't leave me alone. She is really a big problem.

3. John is full of self-importance. He is absolutely sure that he is better than other people.

4. When my little cousin comes to me, he always says he will eat everything that he can see on the table.

1 sensible ['sensabl] — pa3YMHb1ii

9. I didn't have so much time because I had to finish the project.

10. Bruce spoke loudly for everybody to hear his words.

151

Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word	what.				c
1. How healthy the teenager What ager! 2. How harmful your habits are! 3. How quick the worker is! 4. How hard these jobs are! 5. How bitter ^lthe medicine is! 6. How long our meals are! 7. How boring the meeting was! 8. How dangerous the operation is!	a healthy		teen-

Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word how.
1. What a clever answer it is! HOW clever swer 2. What slow runners they are! 3. What a quick meal it was! 4. What a long recovery it was! 5. What a bad cough you are having! 6. What fine weather we are having! 7. What a powerful river the Volga is!		the		an-

8. What tasty dessert we had!

¹bitter ['bita] — ropbKHii

took) off with my mobile. 5. The film was very interesting and I (gave/stayed) up till 2 a.m. in the morning. 6. I can't (give/make ) out what she is

trying to explain. 7. Haven't you finished the job (yet/still)

? 8. The damage to Emma's health was (such/so) 155 big! 9. The (sick/ill) boy lay on the sofa.

10. Every winter she (comes/gets) down with the

cold. 11. Ellie has been cleaning the flat for two hours and she is (yet/ still) busy. 12. After the operation the patient could (hard/ hardly) move. 13. Don't forget to (weigh/weight ) your bags at the airport.

Choose the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. My sister and me (think/ thinks) think that daily^lexer-

cise (is/are) very important for people.

2. The number of obese people in America (is/are) growing. 3. Mary (will play/play)

the piano at the party. 4. How	long have your parents
(had/been having)	this farm? 5. We (lis-
tened/were listening)	to the piano pieces
by Bach at that time yesterday. 6.	Jenny is very tired. She
(has washed/ has been washing)	since noon.
7. I (know/ have known)	Peter all my life.

8. We always (wanted/ have wanted) to

1 daily ['delli] — e'KeAHeBHb1ii

156

come to London. And now we (came/ have come)

here! 9. Greg (has not bought/ has not

been buying) any vegetables yet. 10. When Emma (will come/comes) we (will discuss/ discuss) all the details. 11. Mum, the doctor (has not come/did not come) yet.

12. Anna (has been/is) a member of this

club for several years.

30 Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the story.

Long ago the land of Norway was a Viking ^lland. The Vikings (be) (1) were strong brave people. Olaf the Strong was a Viking. He (have) (2)

a son Sigurd.

The father (teach) (3) the son to swim and ride horses. At the age of three Sigurd could swim, at the age

of five he (learn) (4) to ride.

Olaf (feel) (5) proud of his

son. Sigurd's mother was a wonderful sto-

ryteller and she often (tell)

(6) her children interesting

tales about the birds and animals of their

¹a Viking— BHKHHI'

land. Sometimes Sigurd's father (speak) (7)

to the children before they (go) (8) to bed in the evening. The children (sit) (9)

on the benches and (listen) (10) about their father's travels to strange 157 lands. The lands (have) (11) such wonderful

names...

Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the letter.

Dear Rachel,

1 (1) am writing to you to say that the		write
things (2) a bit better. Yesterday		get
the doctor (3)	and (4)	come
that he	(5)	say,
my cough. He prescribed	some medicine for	not like
it and (6) milk with honey.	me to drink hot	tell
Rachel, 1 (7)	this doctor all	know
my life, I think. He is	absolutely sure that
the (8)	thing for any dis-	good
ease is milk and honey.	I hate drinking hot
milk, and I (9)	it. 1 (10)	not do
in bed since	Tuesday, practically	lie
unable to do anything. I never (11) like this before. I don 't know what		be
(12) to me, but I hope the		happen

00 e @ • @

See if you know the right answer. ^{^[10]}

1. Of all the bones in the human body, where is the small-

a) wrist b) ear c) ankle d) lips

159

2. Who invented the thermometer?

zaah

a) Galileo b) Faraday c) Edison d) Copernik

3. How many bones are there in the human body?

a) 106 b) 206 c) 306 d) none of the above

4. Which specialist is a children's doctor?

a) neurologist b) radiologist

c) dermatologist d) pediatrician

5. Which of these diseases doesn't start because of a virus?

a) a common cold b) hepatitis

c) poliomyelitis d) malaria

The right answers are: 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d.

Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.

a) ''NNTell, every time mother talks about the wedding father says: "Poor man."

b) "Why?"

c) (returning): "She said to tell you it was none of your business. "

d) "Is the man your sister is going to marry rich?"

e) "Jimmy, run over and see how old Mrs Smith is this morning?"

f) "Why? What on earth did you ask her?"

g) "I don't think so."

h) "Just what you told me. I said you wanted to know how old she was."

160

В Е Р Т И К А Л Ь

Учебно-методический комплекс

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

Английский язык

5 класс

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

Английский язык

6 класс

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

Английский язык

7 класс

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

Английский язык

8 класс

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова

Английский язык

9 КЈ№СС

lSBN 978-5-358-14677-8

Учебник рекомендован Министерством образования и науки РФ

К каждому курсу выпускаются

рабочая программа

учебник

рабочая тетрадь для учащихся

книга для учителя

диагностические работы

лексико-грамматический практикум

электронное приложение на www.drofa.ru и аудиоприложение

методическая поддержка на www.drofa.ru

Е.

[1] a blackberry [blækbari] — effceBHKa

[2] an eggplant [ ^legpla:nt] —

[3] a pineapple ['pamæpl] — aHaHac

[4] a booth [bu:ð] — õyažca

[5] pricey ['pražsi] — Aoporoii

[6] visible [ ^luzobl] — BHAHMb1ii invisible [In^luzabl] — HeBHAHMb1ii

[7] to wind up [ ^twayndnp] — 1104BOAHTb (o vacax)

[8] to wind up — 3ð.: 3aKaHt1HBa^rrb

[9] an essay [ ^teser] —

[10] See the answers on page 159.

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева,

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Р АБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ

ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен); личностные качества; метапредметные результаты

Contents Unit

V. Writing .. 79

OTH01L1eHHe

Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don't they? 2

Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom

Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person

Yes, we were. We stayed at a hotel near the beach

The friends' new teacher will be at school on

Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author

Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) What are you do- 11

Tracy: OK. (7) At three o'clock

Learn to walk before you run. 12

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box

All my are my good friends. 11

Write how many times a week you have these subjects

3. 4.

Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box

Use that or those to complete these phrases

My jeans (is/ are) a bit too long

What was Lily's mark the last test? 6

What uniforms these of- beauty c ficers are wearing!

TV shows. 5. Never (tell/say) lies

How do you say a) Your lesson began 10 minutes in ago

UJ KOJ1bHb1ÿ1 ABOP 2. schoolkid 3

When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to 6

Pupils in English schools dosubjects a week

No matter what she good (9) there a lot of do (10) in her tests and dictations

Many churches are beautiful old buildings

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

Fun <ÖêOž 36 See if you know the right answer 2

order. sheep?" e) "Me!"

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

U n it f byo The Language of the

Listen, (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5)

Read the text and answer the questions after it

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical order

One evening in my room I was looking at my homework instead of doing it

Here are some of them. irk ng

There is no egg in eggplant [1] , no grape in grapefruit, and enno room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple [2] ,…

Why is it that the Sun or the

Speak about English as a global language

Speak about how English developed

Complete the dialogue and act it out in class

I:vn] 5

I'll start learning French next year but

There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight jut pages in

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15.04.2021

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Contents

1. h

ust for Fun <ÖêOž

it

Career

Black Sea

se

Father cf the

üEReadin

the

Pádraic Pearse3

ofEEn lish.=

Writing

zaah

О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева,

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Р АБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ

ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен); личностные качества; метапредметные результаты

Contents Unit

V. Writing .. 79

OTH01L1eHHe

Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don't they? 2

Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom

Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person

Yes, we were. We stayed at a hotel near the beach

The friends' new teacher will be at school on

Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author

Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) What are you do- 11

Tracy: OK. (7) At three o'clock

Learn to walk before you run. 12

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box

All my are my good friends. 11

Write how many times a week you have these subjects

3. 4.

Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box

Use that or those to complete these phrases

My jeans (is/ are) a bit too long

What was Lily's mark the last test? 6

What uniforms these of- beauty c ficers are wearing!

TV shows. 5. Never (tell/say) lies

How do you say a) Your lesson began 10 minutes in ago

UJ KOJ1bHb1ÿ1 ABOP 2. schoolkid 3

When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to 6

Pupils in English schools dosubjects a week

No matter what she good (9) there a lot of do (10) in her tests and dictations

Many churches are beautiful old buildings

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

Fun <ÖêOž 36 See if you know the right answer 2

order. sheep?" e) "Me!"

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

U n it f byo The Language of the

Listen, (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5)

Read the text and answer the questions after it

Рабочая тетрадь по английскому языку 7 класс.

Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical order

One evening in my room I was looking at my homework instead of doing it

Here are some of them. irk ng

There is no egg in eggplant [1] , no grape in grapefruit, and enno room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple [2] ,…

Why is it that the Sun or the

Speak about English as a global language

Speak about how English developed

Complete the dialogue and act it out in class

I:vn] 5

I'll start learning French next year but

There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight jut pages in

Pádraic Pearse³