Сhemical Technology

                                 Chemical Technology

Chemical technology is the science of processes, methods and means of mass chemical processing of raw materials and intermediate products. The starting material in chemical technology is called raw material. The concept of "raw material" in chemical technology is also important for its division into two main sections. The first is the chemical technology of mineral substances, which considers the processes of processing inorganic raw materials. The second section is the chemical technology of organic substances, which studies the processes of processing raw materials of organic origin, for example, coal and oil, waste products of animals and plant organisms. The subject of the study of chemical technology is industrial chemical processes, but these processes take place not only in the chemical industry; they can underlie other industries as well: metallurgy, oil refining, production of building materials, etc. The purpose of studying chemical technology is to create an expedient method of producing the necessary products. Research methods - experimental, modeling and systems analysis. Chemical technology is classified according to various principles:

1) by raw materials (for example, the technology of processing mineral, plant or animal raw materials; technology of coal, oil, etc.);

 2) by consumer or commodity criterion (for example, technologists »fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals);

3) by groups of the periodic table of elements (for example, technologist ^ alkali metals, heavy metals, etc.);

 4) by types of chemical reactions and processes (chlorination technology, sulfonation, electrolysis, etc.).

Chemical technology considers many different "chemical industrial processes that take place in different conditions, are carried out according to different technological schemes. At the heart of every * industrial chemical process is a specific chemical reaction. The speed of the reaction determines the nature of the entire process as a whole, and hence - the specific design, creation of a particular technological scheme. The main unit of any chemical technological scheme is a reactor. A chemical reactor is a complex system characterized by physicochemical, physical and design parameters. Modern chemical technology is characterized by the creation of units of large unit capacity, the development of processes that use ultra-high and ultra-low temperatures and pressures, the use of highly efficient catalysts, the production of substances with unusual valuable properties (ultra-pure and super-hard, heat-resistant and heat-resistant, etc.). The development of chemical technology follows the path of the integrated use of raw materials and energy within a given production or in cooperation with other industries, the design of high-performance equipment from chemically resistant materials, the development of continuous and closed ("waste-free") processes that exclude the pollution of air and water basins with harmful industrial waste, expansion of temperature and pressure ranges, the use of catalytic reactions, the development of automation systems, instrumentation, etc. The development of chemical technology as a science is inseparable from its practical applications. The chemical industry is one of the leading branches of material production. New discoveries and technological developments quickly become the property of practice, closely link science with production, and this mutual connection allows more rational use of raw materials and fuel and energy resources, create new waste-free production, in which chemical-technological processes proceed at high speeds under optimal conditions. with obtaining high quality products.

The task. Using the basic information of the text, insert appropriate terms instead of dots. Chemical technology considers the processes of chemical processing of raw materials and intermediate products. Industrial chemical processes take place not only in the chemical industry, they can underlie other industries as well. The reaction rate determines the nature of the entire process and the particularity of the construction of a particular technological scheme. The main unit of any chemical technological scheme is the reactor. Modern chemical technology is characterized by the development of processes that use ultra-high and ultra-low temperatures and pressures.

The task. Make a question plan for the text. Retell the text based on the outline.

The task. Parse the sentences. Chemical technology is classified based on the nature of the technological processes used, the origin and nature of the raw materials, on the basis of the consumed properties of the products. At the heart of every industrial chemical process is a specific chemical reaction.