Данный сборник предназначен для тех, кто желает повторить и изучение английского языка на базе знаний, приобретенных ими в средней школе.
Основная цель – привести в систему имеющиеся знания и развить умение правильно употреблять грамматические формы как в устной, так и в письменной речи.
Английский язык
Сборник правил и упражнений
2014Alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv
Ww Xx Yy Zz
TRANSCRIPTION Транскрипция
Vowels Гласные Diphthongs Дифтонги
[ I ] – in [ a: ] – car [ ei ] – plate [ I
Ə ] ear
[ e ] – pen [ I : ] – tree [ ai ] – nine [eƏ ] [ƐƏ] hair
[Ɔ ] – dog [ Ɔ:] – fork [ oi ] – boy [ uƏ] poor
[] – bus [ u:] – blue [au ] – house [ ou ] rose
[u] – book [ Ə:] – girl
[æ ] – bag [ Ə ] sister
Consonants Согласные
[ p ] – pen [θ] – three [ ʒ ] – pleasure
[ n ] no
[ b ] – bed [ ð ] – this [dʒ] – page [ ŋ] long
[ t ] – ten [ s ] – stone [ l ] – lamp [t ]∫ – chair
[ d ] – desk [ z ] – rose [ m ] – man [ f ] – face
]∫ – shelf [ r ] – red [ v ] five
[ k ] – cat [
[ g ] – go [ h ] – hat [ j ] – yes [ w ] – wall
Личные притяжательные
местоимения
Ед. число Мн. число
Ед. число Мн. число
1л I я We мы 1л My мой Our наш
2л You ты You вы 2л Your твой Your ваш
3л He он They они 3л His его Their их
She она Her ее
It – оно, он, она (неодушевленные предметы, Its – его, ее
животные)
Личные местоимения в объектном падеже
Ед. число Мн. Число
1л me мне us нам
2л you тебе you вам
3л him ему them им
her ей
it ему, ей (неодушевленные предметы, животные)
Ex. 1 Употребите подходящее по смыслу притяжательное местоимение: My, your ,his, her, its,
our,their
1.
Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children. Both ... children are boys. 2. Miss Smith is a teacher. ... students
are Germans.3. We are French. ... friends are English. 4.You are in Bristol, but ... family is in York. 5. I have a
small cat. ... cat is very funny. 6. My daughter has a dog. ... nose is long. 7. My friends have a new car. ... car is
2very nice. 8. Mary has a new bag. ... bag is very big.
Ex. 2 Выберите нужную форму местоимения.
1. Kate and ... work together. 2. We spent our holidays with ....
1. me 2. I 3. my 1. they 2. them 3. their
3. My sister and ... are good friends. 4. She writes to ... every day.
1. I 2. me 3. my 1. he 2. him 3. his
5. ... enjoy playing tennis 6. Will you give ... some help?
1. Us 2. We 3. Our 1. she 2. her 3. hers
7. Helen and ... are neighbors. 8. Are you going to invite ... here?
1. them 2. they 3. their 1. she 2. her 3. hers
9. I didn't like the film. I don't like to speak about ... 10 Don't ask ... this question. I don't know how to answer ....
1. it 2. its 3. it's 1. I 2. my 3. me 4. him 5. her 6. them 7. It 8. its
11. We'll be very happy if you go on a trip with .... 12. I love my parents and ... like to spend my
weekend with...
1. we 2. us 3. оur 1. my 2. me 3. I 4. Their 5. them 6. They
Спряжение глаголов в Present Simple Tense
The verb to be быть
Ед. число Мн. число
1 л I am We are I have got We have got
2 л You are You are You have got You have got
3 л He is They are He has got They have got
She is She has got
It is It has got
Ex. 3 Вставьте глагол to be или to have в правильной форме: have are is am has
1. You ... welcome. 2. This station ... far from here. 3. It ... 5 o'clock now. 4. She ... a nice flat. 5. We ... a little
child.6. They ... a big car. It ... red. 7. How ... you? 8. How old ... Mary? 9. What country ... she from? 10. We ...
well.11. They ... a small cottage. It ... far away. 12. She ... at home. 13. He ... bad habits. 14. She ... 2
mistakes.15. Her mistakes ... bad. 16The cat ... in the box. 17. Do you … a cousin?18. Mr. Brown ... a daughter.
Количественные и порядковые числительные
1. Количественные числительные
The verb to have got иметь
Ед. число Мн. число
1one
2two
3 three
4four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10ten
20 twenty
30thirty
40forty
50fifty
60sixty
70seventy
80eighty
90ninety
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
100 one hundred
125one hundred and twen
tyfive,1000one/a thousand
1 000 000 one/a million
1ый the first (Ist)
2ойthe second (2 nd)
3й the third (3d )
4йthe fourth (4th)
5ыйthe fifth (5 th)
6ой the sixth (6th)
7ой the seventh (7 th)
8ой – the eighth ( 8 th)
9ый the ninth (9 th)
10ый the tenth (10 th)
Запомните, как
читается год: 1997
nineteen eightyseven
2. Порядковые числительные
11ый the eleventh(11th)
12ый the twelfth (12 th)
13 ый the thirteenth
14 ый the fourteenth
15 ый the fifteenth
16 ый the sixteenth
17 ый the seventeenth
18 ый the eighteenth
19 ый the nineteenth
100 ый the one hundredth
125 ый –the one hundred and twentyfifth
1000 ый – the one thousandth
20 ый the twentieth
30 ый the thirtieth
40 ый the fortieth
50 ый the fiftieth
60 ый the sixtieth
70 ый the seventieth
80 ый the eightieth
90 ый the ninetieth
Ex. 4a) Напишите количественные числительные словами
55, 34, 27, 12, 76, 89, 11, 43, 13, 64, 14, 3, 77, 60, 30, 15, 96, 56, 4, 40, 67, 234, 546, 798, 143 275, 43 583.
b) Напишите словами порядковые числительные
56, 35, 21, 13, 77, 90, 12, 44, 60, 14, 33, 72, 15, 93, 123, 435, 657, 982 763, 362 921, 5 362, 9 358, 183 765.
с) Напишите даты словами
31923, 2008, 1289, 1754, 1429, 1376, 1955, 1980, 1847, 1894.
Буква r между гласными
] εə care
[
[ : ]Ɔ или [[Ɔə] more
[ju ]ə cure
[i ]ə here
[ai ]ə fire, tyre
girl, byrd
Типы
слога
a
o
u
e
i, y
Открытый и условно
открытый слог
[ei] hate, taken
[ou] note, no
[ju:] pupil, tube
[i:] Pete, he
[ai] fine, final, my
Types of syllables. Типы слога
Буква r после гласной
Закрытый слог (ок
ся на согласную)
[æ] hat
Ɔ ] not
[
[] cut
[e] met
[i] till, gyps
:]α hard
[
[ : Ɔ ] nor
[ :]ə turn
[ :]ə her
ə
[ :]
Ex. 5 Распределите слова по типам слога
a)Sit, her, we, term, bed, market, test, cart, duck, dark, plate, farmer, due, part, harm, luck, port, large, take, burn,
make, girl, pot, broke, hum, see, sir, men, nurse, then, can, pine, toss, sate, sad, first, plane.
b)Dress, his, pupil, student, much, nice, milk, music, name, myrtle, hill, tack, stock, bone, cosy, curly, phone,
clock, sun, from, middle, first, smart, far, but, big, has, that, like, go, long, hot, funny, happy, as.
PLURAL OF NOUN Множественное число существительных
Образуется при помощи прибавления окончания:
Окончание S читается как:
[ z ] [ s ]
После гласных и звонких согласных После глухих согласных
day – days [deiz] , bag – bags [bægz] test – tests [tests] , book – books [buks]
(Неопределённый артикль «а» во множественном числе не употребляется)
Окончание es [iz] прибавляется если существительное оканчивается на:
1) s, ss, sh, ch, tch, x. Boxes, matches, sizes, pages.
2) fe , f меняется на v + es. Life lives, half halves, leaf leaves, wife wives.
BUT( но) :roof – roofs (крыша), chief – chiefs (начальник), a handkerchief handkerchiefs
3) y ( с предшествующей согласной) меняется на i + es. City – cities,duty – duties.
4) o + es. Hero – heroes.
BUT( но ): piano pianos, photo – photos, zero – zeros, solo – solos.
EXEPTIONS. ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ
Неисчисляемые сущ.:
A tooth – teeth (зубзубы) только ед. ч. только мн. ч. :
A man – men (человеклюди, мужчины) bread (хлеб), milk (молоко), scissors(ножницы),
A woman – women [wimin] (женщины) water (вода), work (работа), weights(весы),
A goose – geese (гусьгуси) wood (лес), money (деньги), peas(горох),
A foot –feet (ступняступни) people (народ), news (новости), spectacles(очки),
A mouse – mice (мышьмыши) information (информация), trousers(брюки).
A child – children (ребенокдети) hair (волосы), watch (часы),
An ox – oxen (быкбыки) tea (чай), gold (золото),
A sheep – sheep (овцаовцы) love, economics (экономика),
A deer – deer (оленьолени) furniture (мебель,фурнитура)
4A handkerchief handkerchiefs ( носовой платок носовые платки)
Ex. 6 Образуйте множественное число
a) A train, a seat, a tie, a shop, a fork, a forest, a game, a lesson, a name, a week, a page, a bag, a bird, a class, a
box, a bush, a bus, a birch, a bench, an inch, a copy,a hero, a cake, a knife, a wife, a wolf, a tomato, a fly, a
piano, a leaf, a safe, a victory, a roof, a watch, a form, a room, a pen, a lamp, an arm, a tram, a book, an apple, a
day,a ship, a toy, a university, a chief, a photo, a style, a handkerchief, an enemy, a match, a bush.
b) 1. This man is an engineer. 2. That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This
mouse is white.6. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 7.This boy has a good coat.(thisthese, thatthose)
ПАДЕЖИ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО. CASES.
Английское существительное имеет два падежа:
Общий падеж. Common case: a lace, a leg. (Сущ. не имеет никаких окончаний).
Притяжательный падеж (Possessive case) употребляется для обозначения принадлежности
предмета какомулибо лицу (лицам). Существительное в единственном числе в притяжательной
форме принимает окончание 's : boy's nose (нос мальчика), и прибавляется только апостроф (') после
слова во мн. ч.: boys' noses(носы мальчиков). Слова, образующие мн. ч. не по общему правилу
(исключения), принимают окончание 's: children's toys(детские игрушки), women's clothes
Ex. 7 Put the phrases into possessive case.
1. The room of my friend. 2. The questions of my son. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The table of our teacher. 5.
The poems of Pushkin. 6. The voice of this girl. 7. The new club of the workers. 8. The letter of Pete. 9. The car
of my parents. 10. The life of this woman. 11. The handbags of these women. 12. The flat of my sister is large.
13. The children of my brother are at home. 14. The room of the boys is large. 15. The name of this girl is Jane.
16. The work of these students is interesting.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
У каждого прилагательного есть положительная степень, сравнительная и превосходная.
Способы образования степеней сравнения
А) В односложных и некоторых двусложных прилагательных сравнительная степень образуется путем
прибавления окончания –er, а превосходная степень при помощи артикля the и окончания est.
Положительная степень
Large
Cold
Clean
Положительная степень
Big
Happy
Сравнительная степень
Larger
Colder
Cleaner
Сравнительная степень
Bigger
Happier
Превосходная степень
The largest
The coldest
The cleanest
Превосходная степень
The biggest
The happiest
Примечание. Если прилагательное заканчивается на согласную и имеет одну краткую гласную, то
согласная удваивается (hot – hotter – the hottest).
Если прилагательное заканчивается на гласную — «у» с предшествующей согласной буквой,, то «у»
меняется на «i» (funny – funnier – the funniest).
Б) В многосложных прилагательных (два и более слога) сравнительная степень образуется путем
прибавления «more» к прилагательному в положительной степени, а в превосходной «the most».
Положительная степень
Beautiful
Comfortable
Exciting
Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень
More beautiful
More comfortable
More exciting
The most beautiful
The most comfortable
The most exciting
5В) Исключения образования степеней сравнения прилагательных.
Положительная степень Сравнительная степень
Good хороший
Bad плохой
Many, much много
Little маленький
Far далекий
Better лучше
Worse хуже
More больше
Less меньше
Farther(further) дальше The farthest (furthest) – самый далекий
Превосходная степень
The best самый лучший
The worst – самый плохой
The most – самый больший
The least – самый маленький
Особенности образования степеней сравнения.
Сравнительные конструкции
as . . .as (такой же . . . как и) употребляется при сравнении одинаковых предметов.
This room is as good as that room.
not so . . . as (не такой . . . как) употребляется при сравнение неодинаковых предметов.
This room is not so good as that room.
so ... as ( такой … как)
There is no park so lovely as this one.
than (чем)
This room is better than that room.
the + сравнительная степень (чем . . . тем)
The sooner you come home the better.
MUCH (MANY), FEW (LITTE)
Much — много — употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными.
Many — много — употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.
Little — мало — употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными.
Few — мало — употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.
A little — указывает на наличие небольшого количества. Употребляется с неисчисляемыми сущ.
A few — указывает на наличие небольшого количества. Употребляется с исчисляемыми сущ.
Ex. 8 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada? 2. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States? 3.
Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 4. The London underground is the (old) in the world. 5. There is a (great)
number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 6. St. Petersburg is one of the
(beautiful) cities in the world. 7. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 8. The island of
Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 9. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 10. The English
Channel is (wide) than the straits of Gibraltar. 11. Russia is a very (large) country.
Ex. 9 Заполните пропуски союзами as... as, so ... as, than, not so ... as.
1.She is ... kind to me ... you. 2. No one is ... beautiful ... she. 3. There is no park ... lovely ... this one. 4. The last
of them is taller ... the others. 5. I think she is prettier ... any one else. 6. He is not ... clever ... he seems. 7. That is
a nice thing, it is nicer ... anything else. 8.I do my work ... good ... I can. 9. It's ... wonderful ... it can be. 10.
Birmingham is ... large ... London.11. Winter in Great Britain is ... cold ... in Russia.
Ex. 10 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. This man is (tall) than that one. 2. Asia is (large) than Australia. 3. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi. 4.
Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 5. Mary is a (good) student than Lucy.
6, The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 7. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town. 8. She speaks Italian (good)
than English. 9. Is the word "newspaper" (long) than the word "book"? 10. The Thames is (short) than the Volga.
11. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean. 12. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 13. Spanish is
(easy) than German. 14. She is not so (busy) as I am. 15. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday. 16. She is not
6so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 17. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday. 18. This book is
(interesting) of all I have read this year. 19. January is the (cold) month of the year. 20. My sister speaks English
(bad) than I do. 21. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 22. Which is the (beautiful) place in this part of the
country? 23. This nicelooking girl is the (good) student in our group.
Ex. 11 Вставьте many, much, few, little.
1.It took me very ... time to read this book. It is too difficult. 2. There is very ... ink in my pen. 3. It was so cold
that only ... people were in the street. 4. There are not... articles in this magazine. 5. He smokes too ... tobacco. 6.
We had ... work to do in the morning. 7. ... minutes passed and the boat landed. 8. There were ... boats on the sea.
9. There is very ... air in this room.10. ... air comes through the open window.
Ex.12 Поставьте прилагательные в скобках в нужной смыслу форме. a)
1. Which is (long) day of the year? 2. Winter is (cold) season. 3. Moscow is (large) than St. Petersburg. 4. My
friend's car is not so (new) as my car. 5. Where is it (beautiful), in the mountains or near the sea? 6. A tram is not
so (quick) as a bus. 7. Apples are (cheap) than oranges. 8. In spring the days are (long) than in winter. 9. It is
(cold) today than it was yesterday. 10. The Russian grammar is (difficult) than the English one. 11. The Caucasus
are (high) mountains in Europe. 12. Friendship is (strong) than steel. 13. (Long) day has an end.14. Health is
(good) than wealth.
b)1) The twentysecond of December is (short) day of the year.2) The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the
Moskva River. 3) His plan is (practical) than your plan.4) His plan is (practical) of all. 5)This room is (small)
than all the rooms in the house. 6) London is (large) city in England.7) Our house is (low) than your house.8)
The book is (good) than that book. 9)This film is (interesting) than that film. 10) Today is (hot) day.
Ex. 13 Поставьте артикль,где необходимо.
1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ...
planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.
4. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ...
homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ...
light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.
ГЛАГОЛ (The Verb) ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ
Глагол это часть речи, которая обозначает действие или состояние лица или предмета.
Не works as an engineer. Он работает инженером.
The child is sleeping now. Ребенок спит сейчас.
1.Глаголы бывают простые, производные, сложные и составные.
К простым глаголам относятся глаголы, не имеющие в своем составе ни префиксов, ни суффиксов: to
sit, to go, to eat, to come.
Производные глаголы имеют в своем составе суффиксы или префиксы: to deepen, to rewrite.
Наиболее характерные суффиксы глаголов:
ate: to decorate, to separate, to educate,
en: to widen, to strengthen, to brighten,
ize: to memorize, to organize, to dramatize,
fy: to purify, to satisfy, to justify.
Наиболее характерные префиксы глаголов:
re: to build to rebuild (строитьперестроить), to read to reread, to pay to repay,
dis: to like to dislike(нравиться не нравиться), to appear to disappear, to prove to disprove,
un: to wrap to unwrap(запаковыватьраспаковывать), to pack to unpack, to limit to unlimit,
mis: to understand to misunderstand(пониматьне понимать), to trust to mistrust,
under: to underline(подчеркивать), to undergo(подвергаться), to undertake(предпринять).
Сложные глаголы в английском языке состоят из двух основ, но выражают одно понятие: to broadcast
вещать(о радио), to whitewashретушировать, to kidnapпохитить
Составные глаголы состоят из глагольной основы и предлога или наречия, которые могут отделяться
7Позвони мне, пожалуйста.
друг от друга другими словами. Местоимение в объектном падеже всегда стоит между глаголом и
предлогом (наречием).
Ring me up, please.
Switch on the radio, please
Многие английские глаголы совпадают по форме с существительными (реже с прилагательными).
to work работать
to play играть
to dry сушить
work работа
play пьеса
dry сухой
Включите, пожалуйста, радио.
2. По своему значению и выполняемой в предложении функции глаголы делятся на
смысловые, вспомогательные, модальные глаголы и глаголысвязки.
Смысловые глаголы (Notional Verbs) имеют самостоятельное лексическое значение и употребляются в
предложении в роли глагольного сказуемого.
He lives in Minsk.
Он живет в Минске.
She left school last year. Она закончила школу в прошлом году.
Вспомогательные глаголы (Auxiliary Verbs) не имеют самостоятельного значения и служат для
образования сложных глагольных форм сказуемого. К ним относятся глаголы: to be, to have, to do, shall,
should, will, would.
He is working now. Он работает сейчас.
I have answered all the questions. Я ответил на все вопросы.
Do you speak Spanish?
She doesn't teach English. Она не преподает английский язык.
They will discuss the plan Они обсудят этот план,
Не said that he would buy a car Он сказал, что купит
Вы разговариваете на испанском языке?
машину.
Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs) can, may, must, should, ought(to) употребляются в сочетании с
инфинитивом, образуя в предложении составное модальное сказуемое.
You may go home.
Can you help me?
You must not do it.
Вы можете идти домой.
Можете ли вы помочь мне?
Вы не должны делать это.
Г л а г о л ы с в я з к и (Link Verbs) служат для образования составного именного сказуемого. Основным
глаголомсвязкой служит глагол to be. В функции связки могут выступать также, глаголы to become, to get,
to grow, to turn (в значении становиться), to look выглядеть и др.
Не is an economist.
She became a lawyer.
It gets dark early in autumn. Осенью темнеет рано.
Он экономист.
Она стала юристом.
Все глаголы (за исключением модальных) имеют личные (Finite Forms) и неличные формы (NonFinite
Forms или Verbals).
Личные формы глагола имеют категории лица, числа, наклонения, времени и залога. Они служат в
предложении сказуемым и согласуются с подлежащим в лице и числе
Не knows English well. Он знает английский хорошо.
They are playing chess. Они играют в шахматы.
She has seen this film.Она видела этот фильм.
Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив (The Infinitive), герундий (The Gerund) и причастие (The
Participle) не имеют категории лица, числа и наклонения и не употребляются в предложении в функции
сказуемого.
Английские глаголы, также как и русские, делятся на переходные (требующие после себя прямого
дополнения: to take, to tell) и непереходные (после которых не употребляются прямое дополнение: to go, to
live).
В английском языке выделяются четыре основные формы глагола, которые в сочетании со
вспомогательными глаголами образуют все времена в действительном и страдательном залогах:
8Infinitive
Инфинитив Прошедшее
Past Indefinite Past Participle Present Participle
неопределенн
ое время
asked
spoke
Причастие
прошедшего
времени
asked
spoken
Причастие
настоящего
времени
asking
speaking
ask
speak
В зависимости от способа образования второй и третьей форм все глаголы делятся на правильные
(Regular Verbs) и неправильные (Irregular .Verbs).
Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Indefinite и Participle II при помощи суффикса ed, который
прибавляется к основе глагола, причем соблюдаются определенные правила произношения и
правописания:
to stop stopped stopped Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на согласную с предшествующим кратким гласным
звуком
to travel travelled travelled конечной букве 1 предшествует краткий гласный
ударение падает на последний слог
to permit permitted permitted
Неправильные глаголы образуют формы прошедшего времени (Past Indefinite) и причастия прошедшего
времени (Participle II) различными другими способами. Формы неправильных глаголов нужно заучивать: to
go went – gone, to become became – become, to be was/were – been, to have had had
to hope hoped hoped [t], после глухих согласных
to close closed closed [d], после звонких согласных и гласных
to visit visited visited [id],
to study studied studied
to play played – played букве у предшествует согласная
9Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense.
Настоящее простое ( неопределенное) время.
Present Simple (Indefinite) употребляется для выражения обычного, постоянного, регулярного
действия, свойственного подлежащему. Констатация факта.
Словаопределители времени:
Always всегда, often часто, usually обычно, every day (week, month) – каждый день
(неделю, месяц), sometimes иногда, seldom редко.
Утвердительная форма Present Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи глагола в первой форме
(инфинитив без частицы to: to come you come ); но если подлежащее стоит в 3м лице единственного
числа к глаголу прибавляется окончание s или –es (to come – he comes) . (V, Vs)
Примечания:
Окончание s 3го лица единственного числа произносится после глухих согласных [s], после
гласных и звонких согласных [z]:
Не works [wo:ks] He lives [livz] She writes [raits] She knows [nouz]
Если глаголы оканчиваются на согласные s, ss, ch,tch, sh, x, то в 3м лице единственного числа к
Ср.: I play — she plays
The verb to have got иметь
Ед. число Мн. число
ним прибавляется окончание es, которое произносится [iz]:Не teaches ['ti:t∫iz] She dresses ['dresiz]
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на у с предшествующей согласной, в 3м лице единственного числа меняют
у на i и прибавляется окончание es: I carry — he carries
Глаголы to do и to go принимают в 3м лице единственного числа окончание es:Не goes. He does
в)Глаголы to be и to have образуют формы Present Simple (Indefinite) не по общим правилам.
The verb to be быть
Ед. число
1 л I am We are I have got We have got
2 л You are You are You have got You have got
3 л He is They are He has got They have got
She is She has got
It is It has got
Вопросительная форма глаголов to be и to have образуется путем постановки этих глаголов перед
подлежащим. Отрицательная форма глагола to be образуется при помощи частицы not, а глагола to
have — при помощи отрицательного местоимения no, которые ставятся после соответствующего
глагола. Are you all right? How many lessons have you today?
I am not a student yet. The postman has no letters for us.
2 ) Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола do (во всех лицах и
числах,кроме 3 лица единственного числа), если подлежащее стоит в 3м лице единственного числа
используется вспомогательный глагол does, который ставится перед подлежащим, и смыслового
глагола в первой основной форме( без окончания) — после подлежащего.
Вспомогательный глагол (do,does) + подлежащее + смысловой глагол(без окончания) +
…..? (общий вопрос)
Мн. число
10Do you work at a factory?
Does he take part in the concert?
Вопросы к подлежащему образуются без вспомогательного глагола, к основному глаголу
прибавляется окончание s или –es:
I take part in the concert. Я принимаю участие в концерте.
Who takes part in the concert? Кто принимает участие в концерте?
3 ) Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола do ( во всех
лицах, кроме 3 л.ед.ч.) или does (в 3 лице единственного числа) и отрицательной частицы not, которые
ставятся между подлежащим и смысловым глаголом в первой форме.
Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол + not + смысловой глагол (без окончания) + …
.
I do not work there. (I don't work there.)
He does not take part in it. (He doesn't take part in it.)
Для справок:
1.Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Present Simple (Indefinite) смыслового глагола to do
образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do.
What do you do on Sunday? He does not do his morning exercises.
2. No употребляется также для образования отрицательной формы с оборотом there is (there are). There
are no tickets left for the performance of the Vakhtangov theatre.
Но: Перед местоимением any в отрицательных предложениях с глаголом to have и с оборотом there is
(there are) употребляется not. I haven't any questions. There isn't any river in this place.
Ex.13 .Поставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
1. I ... a pupil. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a doctor? Yes, she ... . 4. ...
they at home? No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 5. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 6. ... you
an engineer? Yes, I.... 7. ... your sister a photographer? No, she ... not a photographer, she ... a student.
8. ... your brother at school? Yes, he ... . 9. ... your sister at school? No, she ... not at school. 10. My ...
sister ... at home. 11. ... this your watch? Yes, it ... . 12. She ... an actress. 13. This ... my bag. 14. My
uncle ... an officeworker. 15. He ... at work. 16. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on
the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He
... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in New York.
Ex.14. Поставьте окончание –s или –es , где нужно.
1) Mike like_ coffee. 2) My friends often go_ to the cinema. 3) I make_ dinner myself. 4) Mary wash_
her face in the morning. 5) He go_ to bed at 10 o’clock. 6) Dan speak_ English well. 7) They live_ in
Tambov. 8) My mum watch_ TV in the evening. 9) I clean_ my teeth every day. 10) My sister play _ the
piano.
Ex. 15 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
a) My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3.
Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two
eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do
his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well.
b) My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning
exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes, At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave)
home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his office. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine
o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the livingroom. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).
Ex. 16 Поставьте Do / Does.
1).... you sleep well? Yes I .... 2)..... your sister wash the plates? Yes, she... 3) What ... the teacher give you
for homework ? She gives exercises. 4) .... the child read Russian ? No , she ... not. 5) He ... not like cakes. 6)
We ...not go to school in August.
Ex. 17 Поставьте в отрицательную форму.
Например : He goes to school by bus . I do not go to school by bus .
111) We get up at 7 o'clock . He ... 2) I drink tea in the morning.You ... 3) You go to bed at eleven . They ...
4) They play in the yard in the afternoon . She ... 5) He likes TV.She... 6) I live with my parents . He …
Ex.18 Опровергните утверждения.
1) My mother gets up at 7 o’clock but I ......... . 2) I like cartoons but my dad ........... . 3) We watch
horror films but they ...... . 4) My sisters like to read but I ............ . 5) We like apples but my
friend ........... . 6) I go to school every day but Tolya ............. .
Ex. 19 Какие слова соответствуют определениям?
1) Customs a) get smth secretly and illegally into/out of the country
2) prohibited article b) person employed in a hotel to receive clients
3) weapon c) smth designed for and used in fighting and struggling
4)smuggle d) smth not allowed (for importing in a country)
5) check in e) department of government that collects duties on goods imported into a country
6) guest f) arrive and register at a hotel
7) receptionist g) make known clearly or formally; announce
8) form h) printed paper with space to be filled in
9) declare i) person staying at or paying a visit to some place
10) key board j) a board where keys are left at a hotel
Ex. 20 Add the sentences with the following words.
Smuggler, restrictions, reception desk, excess, declare, double, checking in, suit, bellboy, cross the border.
If a person has prohibited articles he can be called a … .
If this room doesn’t … you we can offer you a suite.
If you don’t want to have any troubles you should know the Customs … .
1) Have you got anything to … ? Any jewels, objects of art, weapon?
2) Before you … you should go through the Customs.
3)
4) Mr. Smith is going to stay at the hotel with his wife, so he’s made a reservation for a … room.
5)
6)
7) The very first thing a person does at the hotel is … .
8) Where shall I check in? – At the …, over there.
9)
(knocking at the door) – Who’s that? – It’s a … ,here’s the message for you,sir.
10) Put your luggage on the scale, please. Oh, you’ll have to pay for the … weight.
Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense. Настоящее длительное время
Present Continuous обозначает длительное действие, которое совершается в настоящее
время, в момент речи, процесс.
I am having dinner. (I'm having dinner.) He is waiting for you. (He's waiting for you.)
They are travelling in the south. (They're travelling in the south.)
Now сейчас, at this moment в данный момент, at the present moment в настоящий
Словаопределители времени:
момент
Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be (am,is,are) и к
основному глаголу в первой основной форме (V) прибавляется окончание ing (Ving).
go — going; read — reading
Примечания:
а) На письме при образовании Present Participle глаголы оканчивающиеся на немую е, теряют эту
букву: write — writing;
take — taking
b) Если перед конечной согласной краткая ударная гласная, то конечная согласная удваивается:
win — winning, prefer — preferring, shut — shutting
удваивается также конечная 1:
travel — travelling
Ho: sleep — sleeping work — working wash — washing
c) Если глагол оканчивается на –y прибавляется окончание –ing ( study – studying)
develop — developing
12d) Если глагол оканчивается на –ie y + ing ( lie lying)
Глаголы, выражающие чувства, желания, восприятия и умственные состояния, такие, как to like,
to want, to love, to wish, to know, to understand, to see, to hear, to feel, to live, и др. как правило, не
употребляются в форме Continuous.( вместо Continuous берется Present Simple)
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.
Вспомогательный глагол (am, is, are) + подлежащее + основной глагол(в первой форме + ing)
+ …..? (общий вопрос)
Is he sleeping?
В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не меняется, подлежащее меняем на who –кто или what –
что, вспомогательный глагол всегда is . I am ringing at the door. Who is ringing at the door?
What are you doing?
При образовании отрицательной формы отрицательная частица not ставится после
вспомогательного глагола.
Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол (am, is, are) + not + основной глагол (в первой форме
+ ing) + … .
I am not reading. (I'm not reading.)
He is not taking his examination. (He's not taking his examination. He isn't taking his examination.)
They are not travelling. (They're not travelling. They aren't travelling.)
Для справок
1.
будущего действия, когда выражается намерение совершить действие.
She is leaving by the fiveo'clock train.Она уезжает с пятичасовым поездом.
We are going to the theatre tonight.Мы собираемся вечером в театр.
Present Continuous иногда употребляется для обозначения
2. Для выражения намерения совершить действие или уверенности, вероятности в его совершении в
будущем употребляется оборот to be going to в сочетании с инфинитивом.
Не is going to spend his winter holidays in the mountains.
What are you going to do now? Что ты собираешься делать сейчас?
We are not going to wait for him any more.Мы больше не собираемся его ждать.
The weather is going to change. Погода похоже меняется.
Ex. 21 Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. My sister is playing the piano now. 2. The teacher is explaining the rule. 3. We are learning the new
words. 4. Ann is standing at the window. 5. We are going to the park. 6. John is taking a piece of chalk and
writing a sentence on the blackboard. 7. I am doing my homework. 8. Jane is speaking on the telephone. 9.
She is cooking supper.
Ex. 22 Fill in the table.
1) + ING 2) E + ING 3) Y + ING 4) IE Y+ ING 5) Двойная согл. + ING
keeping making copying tie – tying sitting
Smoke, swim, open, work, write, lie, run, die, do, rub, bathe, study, shop, play, put, start, dance, stop,
stay,carry, type, take, repair, shine, sing, drive, cross, leave, ride, tip, travel, sleep,work, wash,develop.
Ex.23 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.(NOW)
1) She (to read) magazines. 2) He (to work) hard at his French. 3) Mr. White (not to give) a lecture. 4) He (to
write) a letter to his brother. 5) I (to prepare) for the test. 6) They (to work) at this factory. 7) She (to sit) in an
armchair and (to watch) TV. 8) I (to have) supper with my friends. 9) Her brother (not to go) to school. 10)
He (to stand) at the table.11) My book (to lie) on the table. 12) They (to work). 13) The doctor and her
patient (to talk). 14) We (to cook) dinner. My mother (to make) a salad. 15) A young man (to drive) a car. He
(to listen) music. 16) My grandfather (to read) a book.17) The pen (to lie) on the floor. 18) You (to have) a
13break? 19) She still (to sing).20) The boys (to run) about in the garden. 21) I (to do) my homework. 22) John
and his friends (to go) to the library. 24) Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 25) A young
man (to stand) at the window. 26) The old man (to walk) about the room.27) The dog (to lie) on the floor.
28) You (to have) a break? 29) It still (to rain).
Ex. 24 Измените предложения по образцу.
Например:: My friend is sitting at the desk. I am sitting at the desk too .
1) The children are reading the text. I ... 2) The teacher is working in the school garden . The pupils...
3) The father is sleeping. His daughter ... 4) The mother is cleaning her room . Her son … 5) I am putting
on my coat. You ... 6) Our teacher is speaking English. We...
. Ex. 25 Измените предложения по образцу.
Например: He is going home . I am not going home.
1)He is sleeping .You ... 2) The women are standing in the street. We... 3) You are doing your exercises
.He ... 4) He is putting on his suit. I ... 5) She is washing socks and stockings . Her friends ... 6) The bus
is turning to the right. The car...
Ex. 26 Измените предложения по образцу.
Например : I go to school. I am not going to school now .
1) You read English newspapers after dinner . 2) I drink milk. 3) We play ball. 4) 1 sleep well. 5) They work
at a factory . 6) I have breakfast with my father . 7) We get up at 7 o' clock . 8) They go there by bus . 9) You
do your homework in the evening.
Ex. 27 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous.
1.The man who (to speak) with my mother (to be) our neighbor who (to live) across the street. 2. It (to be) a
very interesting scientific film. In it you can see how the plants (to grow) right before your eyes. 3. Where
you (to hurry)? — I (to hurry) to the railway station. My sister (to come) from Moscow. 4. You (to hear) the
speaker well? — Yes, I (to hear) him clearly. I (to listen to) very attentively, but still I (not to understand) the
main point of his speech. 5. Don't come into this room. Father (to work) there now. 6. Where are you going
this Sunday? — This Sunday I (to go) to the country, but usually on Sundays I (to stay) at home.
Ex.28 Choose the right answer.
1. Our manager …………. in the office all day. a)stay b) stays c) is staying
2. As a rule I ………… customers in the evening. a) meet b) meets c) am meeting
3. We usually ………… … our work at 6. a) finishes b) finish c) are finishing
4. He often ………… to London. a) go b) goes c) is going
5. They ………….. customers in different cities. a) have got b) has got c) are having
6. We don’t ………. out at weekends. a) goes b) go c) are going
7. After lunch the secretary … letters to different companies. a) write b) is writing c) writes
8. I ……….. my chief tomorrow. a) meet b) am meeting c) meets
9. My boss … with your enquiry now but you won’t get a rapid answer. a) is dealing b) deals c) deal
10. The office ………… at 6 p.m. on weekdays. a) is closing b) closes c) close
Ex. 29 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous.
1.Where is John? He (to play) football in the yard. 2.I not (to like) the picture you (to look) at now. 3. He (to
read) books in three languages, and now he (to read) a French novel. 4. She usually (to do) her homework at
home, but now she (to do) it at the library. 5. In autumn many birds (to fly) to the South. 6. What that woman
(to do) there? She (to sell) vegetables. 7. What you (to buy) here? I (to buy) an English textbook. 8)Look!
How many birds (to fly) high up in the air! 9)There are many children in the garden. Some of them (to run)
about, others (to sit) on the benches and (to laugh)! 10. Where you (to go) now? I (to go) to the library to
prepare for my examination.
Ex. 30 Choose the right word .
1)
2) The history … begin in the year 1147. a) Moscow b) St. Petersburg c) Samara
The gallery in Moscow is named in honour to … a) Tretyakov b) Surikov c) Rublyov
143) The oldest part of London is called … . a) East End b) City c) West End
4) The first American president chose the place where the city now stands to build a capital and the city
was named after … . a) George Washington b) Winston Cherchil c) Abraham Lincoln
5) The … is the home of the president . a) Library of Congress b) White House c) Capitol
6) … is situated on several islands and has 5 districts. a) New York b) Boston c) London
7) Black Americans usually live in … where life is difficult. a) Broadway b) Harlem c) Brooklyn
8) Russia is bounded by … countries. a) four b) thirteen c) ten
9) Our … shows dramas, tragedies and comedies. a) cinema b) school c) theatre
10) The … begins when the third bell has rung. a) performance b) lesson c) competition
Ex. 31. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1I (to read) now. 2 He (to sleep) now.3 We (to drink) tea now. 4 They (to go) to school now.5 I (not to sleep)
now.6 She (not to drink) coffee now.7 I (to read) every day.8 He (to sleep) every night.9 We (to drink) tea
every morning.10 They (to go) to school every morning.11 I (not to sleep) in the daytime.12 She (not to
drink) coffee after lunch. 13We (not to watch) TV now.14 They (not to eat) now.15 My mother (not to
work) now.16 You (to work ) now? 17 He (to play) now? 18 They (to eat) now? 19 Your sister (to rest)
now? 20 What you (to do) now? 21 What you (to read) now? 22 What they (to eat) now? 23 What your
brother (to drink) now? 24 We (not to watch) TV in the morning.25 They (not to eat) at the lesson. 26 My
mother (not to work) at an office.27 You (to work) every day?28 He (to play) in the afternoon? 29 They (to
eat) at school? 30 Your sister (to rest) after school? 31 What you (to do) every morning? 32 What you (to
read) after dinner?33 What they (to eat) at breakfast? 34 What your brother (to drink) in the evening?
Ex. 32. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to
drink) coffee in the morning. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. Your friend (to go) to school in
the morning? 5. Look! The baby (to sleep). 6. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 7. My grandmother
(not to work). She is on pension. 8. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 9. I usually (to
get) up at seven o'clock in the morning. 10. What your sister (to do) now? She (to wash) her face and
hands. 11. When you usually (to come) home from school? — I (to come) at three o'clock. 12. Where your
cousin (to work)? He (to work) at a hospitaJ. 13. Your sister (to study) at an institute? No, she (to study)
at school. 14. My cousin (to go) to school every day. 15. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to
play) the piano in the morning.
Ex. 33. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exercise now. 4. I
(not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They
(to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He
(not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play
football. 13.1 (not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15.We (not to go) to the country in winter. 16.My
sister (to eat) sweets every day. 17. She (not to eat) sweets now. 18. They (to do) their homework in the
afternoon. 19. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 20. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 21. He (to
work) every day.
Ex. 34.. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. They (to read) many books. 2. They (to read) many books? 3. They (not to read) many books. 4. The
children (to eat) soup now. 5. The children (to eat) soup now? 6. The children (not to eat) soup now. 7. You
(to play) volleyball well? 8. When you (to play) volleyball? 9. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 10. He (to
go) to the cinema in the evening? 11. We (not to dance) every day. 12. Look! Kate (to dance). 13. Kate (to
sing) well? 14. Where he (to go) in the morning? 15. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 16. My granny (to sleep)
after dinner. 17. When you (to sleep)? 16. Nina (not to sleep) now. 19. Where John (to live)? He (to live) in
England.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS Типы вопросов
15I. The General Question (Yes/No questions) (Общий вопрос)
— относится ко всему предложению в целом;
— требует ответа, начинающегося с yes или по;
— начинается с вспомогательного глагола (глаголасвязки);
Вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее + основной глагол + …?
Рrеsent Simple Do you live in Saratov? Does he study at the University?
Present Continuous. Is the child drawing? Are they going home now?
Future Simple Will you come tomorrow? Will he go there next week?
Past Simple Did your sister come to you yesterday?
Present Perfect Have you already been there? Has she done it ?
II. The Special Question (Whquestions) (Специальный вопрос)
— относится к части предложения;
— в качестве ответа требует конкретную информацию;
— начинается с вопросительного слова, за которым следует вспомогательный глагол (whatчто,
какой, whom чей, which который, какой, whose чей, how как, when когда, where где, why
почему);
Вопросит, слово + вспомогат. глагол + подлежащее + основной глагол + …?
Рrеsent Simple Where do you live?
Present Continuous. What is the child doing?
Future Simple When will you come tomorrow?
Past Simple Where did he find it?
Present Perfect Why have you been there?
Вопрос к подлежащему.
Начинается с вопрос. слова who (для одушевленных) и what (для неодушевленных
предметов)
Прямой порядок слов.
Рrеsent Simple We know her address. Who knows her address?
(без вспом. глагола,к основному глаголу прибавляется окончание s или –es)
Present Continuous. You are going home . Who is going home ?
( вспом. глагол to be в форме is ,подлежащее заменяем на Who)
Future Simple You will come tomorrow. Who will come tomorrow?
( вспом. глагол will, подлежащее заменяем на Who)
Past Simple You asked me about it. Who asked me about it?
(без вспом. глагола, подлежащее заменяем на Who)
Present Perfect We have been there. Who has been there?
( вспом. глагол has, подлежащее заменяем на Who)
III Alternative Question ( Альтернативный вопрос)
представляет собой вопрос выбора между двумя действиями, предметами, явлениями и т.п.;
повышение тона перед союзом or или;
16Вспомогат. глагол + подлежащее + основной глагол + or + …?
Рrеsent Simple I prefer skating. Do you prefer skating or skiing?
Present Continuous. I am keen on reading. Are you keen on travelling or reading?
He is studying Maths. Is he studying Maths or Physics?
Future Simple He will come tomorrow. Will he or she come tomorrow?
Past Simple He studied at a lyceum. Did he study at a gymnasium or at a lyceum ?
Present Perfect She has already done this task. Has she done or started this task?
IV. The Disjunctive Question (Tagquestion) (Разделительный вопрос)
— состоит из двух частей:
первая часть повествовательное предложение с прямым порядком слов
17 вторая часть так называемый вопросительный "хвостик", который переводится «не так ли» , если
первая часть имеет утвердительную форму, "хвостик" строится как отрицание, и наоборот (+
или + )
Утвердительное предложение , вспомогательный глагол + not +
подлежащее, выраженное личным местоимением?
Отрицательное предложение , вспомогательный глагол +
подлежащее ,выраженное личным местоимением?
Рrеsent Simple Kolya prefers skating, does not he?He doesn't go in for sports, does he? John is a
driver, isn't he? He isn 't a painter, is he ?
Present Continuous.I am keen on reading. I am keen on reading, are not I(aren’t)?
Future Simple He will not come tomorrow. He will not come tomorrow, will he?
Past Simple I was at school yesterday. I was at school yesterday, were not I(weren’t I)?
Present Perfect You have sent the parcel. You have sent the parcel, haven't you?
У п о т р е б л е н и е р а з л и ч н ы х т и п о в в о п р о с о в
G r e a t B r i t a i n c o n s i s t s of t h r e e p a r t s .
I. Does Great Britain consist of three parts?
II. How many parts does Great Britain consist of?
III. Does Great Britain consist of three or two parts?
IV. Great Britain consists of three parts, doesn't it?
Great Britain doesn't consist of two parts, does it?
V. What island consists of three parts?
18Ex.35 Задайте вопросы к предложениям.
a) Mike goes to the theatre every month. 2) My sisters get up at 6 o’clock. 3) Kate plays on the computer every
day. 4) My parents work in a bank. 5) The boys are running about in the garden. 6)He reads interesting
books in the original.6) Tom usually plays in the garden. 7) We sometimes eat at a restaurant.8) School
year begins in September.9) She is cooking a Christmas dinner now. 10) My book is lying on the table.
11) We are cooking dinner. My mother is making a salad. 12) My grandfather reads book every
evening.13) He is at home.14) It is very dark in the room.15) We have a large family. 16) This is house.
17) This is my pencil.18) My cousin has big black cat.19) She has two children.
b)
1. I am writing a composition now. 2. A child is drink milk now. 3. She goes for a walk after dinner.
4. They go to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He is reading now. 6. We are playing now. 7. My mother works
at a factory. 8. My aunt works in a shop.9. My friend to lives in St. Petersburg. 10. The children are sleeping
now. 11. The children play in the yard every day. 12. They go to the stadium on Monday. 13. She reads in
the evening. 14 His father works at this factory 15. You are playing chess now.16 The sky is grey today. 17
The weather is fine.18 The homework is difficult.19 My mother is at work. She is doctor.
Ex . 36 Make 5 questions to the following sentences. Задайте вопросы к предложениям
1. Sandra always gets up early in the morning. 2. He is dancing with his girlfriend at the disco now.
3. Peter has some problems with Maths.4. They are climbing the mountains without a guide. 5. John and his
friends to go to the library. 6. I am doing well in lots of subjects. 7. A young man is driving a car.8. My
granny often tells us long interesting stories.9. My father is engineer. 10 My aunt is teacher. She works at
school. 11 We have two English lessons a week.12 I have two sisters. My sisters are students.
Future Simple (Indefinite) Tense. Будущее простое время
Future Simple (Indefinite) употребляется для выражения однократных или
повторяющихся действий, которые совершатся в будущем.
I will see you tomorrow.
They will be glad to meet you.
Tomorrow завтра , next week – на следующей неделе, in three years – через 3 года
Словаопределители времени:
Future Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will и первой основной
формы смыслового глагола. В разговорной речи употребительны сокращения вспомогательных
глаголов.( will + V)
I will ring you up. (I'll ring you up.) She will be twenty next month. (She'll be twenty next month.)
You will find him in the library. (You'll find him in the library.)
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол will ставится перед подлежащим.
Вспомогательный глагол will + подлежащее + основной глагол(в первой форме) + …..?
(общий вопрос)
Will I read? What will you do in the evening?
В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не изменяется, подлежащее меняем на who –кто или what –
что, вспомогательный глагол will.
I will go on the excursion.
Who will go on the excursion?
Отрицательная форма Future Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи частицы not, которая
ставится после вспомогательного глагола will (возможны сокращения won't).
Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол will + not + основной глагол (в первой форме) +
… .
He will not receive the telegram in time.Он не получит телеграмму вовремя. (He won't receive the
telegram in time.)Future Simple (Indefinite) не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и
условия. В них для выражения будущего действия глагол ставится в Present Simple (Indefinite).
I will give him a letter when he comes. The children will go for a walk if it stops raining.
Ex. 37 Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple.
1.
I (to think) about this information. 2 According to the forecast it (to be) raining tomorrow. 3. We (to
come) to see you on Monday. 4.I (to prepare) to my examinations next week. 5. You (to show) me your new
picture? 6. I think he (not to come) tomorrow. 7 I don't think she (to answer) all the questions. 8. We (to
work) in our garden tomorrow. 9. How you (to pack) your things? 10. Her mother (to buy) her a silver chain
for her birthday.
Ex. 38 Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. My sister will graduate from the University next year. 2.I will go to the cinema tomorrow. 3. They will
play tennis on Saturday. 4. We will translate this text the day after tomorrow. 5. He will write a letter to his
sister tomorrow. 6. My parents will go to the South next year. 7.I will finish this work in a week. 8.He will
come back on Friday. 9. We will meet our friends tomorrow.
Ex. 39 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Future Simple.
1) Я буду завтра в институте. 2) Она будет зубным врачом. 3) Где ты будешь завтра? — Я. буду дома.
4) Мы будем в Москве на следующей неделе. 5) Его не будет на работе завтра. 6) Позвони ему позже.
Может быть, он будет дома. 7) Завтра никого не будет в офисе.
Ex. 40 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 3. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 4. He (to
play) chess every day. 5. He (not to play) chess every day. 6. He (to play) chess every day? 7. They (to play)
chess now. 8. They (not to play) chess now. 9. They (to play) chess now? 10. Nick (to go) to the park now.
11. Nick (to go) to school every day. 12. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 13. You (to come) to my place
next Sunday? 14. You (to read) this book next week? 15. You (to read) books every day? 16. You (to read) a
book now? 17. I (not to see) him tomorrow. 18. What you (to do) tomorrow? 19. What your friend (to do)
tomorrow? 20. Where you (to go) next summer? 21. Where you (to go) every morning? 22. Where you (to
go) now? 23. Look! Mary (to dance). 24. She (to dance) every day. 25. She (to dance) tomorrow?
Ex. 41 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
I. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow. 2. We (to go) to school in the morning. 3. Look! Kate (to go) to school.
4. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 5. I (not to play) the guitar now. 6. My brother (to play) the guitar
every evening. 7. They (not to take) care of the garden next summer. 8. You (to like) apples? 9. You (to eat)
apples tomorrow? 10. Nick (to read) many books. 11. Mother (to work) every day. 12. He (not to sleep) now.
13. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 14. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 15. I (not to
learn) the poem now. 16. She (to live) in San Francisco. 17. My father (to shoot) very well. 18. He is very
strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box. 19. My sister (not to like) coffee. 20 When you (to go) to bed
every day? 21. What he (to read) now? 22. What he (to read) every day? 23. What he (to read) tomorrow?
24. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 25. You (to give) me this book tomorrow?
Ex.42 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. When you (to get) up every day? I (to get) up at seven o'clock. 2. My brother usually (not to get) up at
seven o'clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o'clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o'clock. 3. Why
she (to come) home so late tomorrow? 4. We (to go) to the country the day after tomorrow. 5. Our friends
always (to go) to the country for the weekend. 6. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 7. Your parents (to
watch) TV now? 8. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in
the kitchen every day. 9. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 10. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow? 11.
They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 12 What you (to do) now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 13. When you
(to finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 14. How you usually (to spend)
evenings? 15. What you (to do) in the country next summer? 16. They (not to drink) tea now. I (to think)
they (to watch) TV. 17. What your father (to drink) in the evening?
В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов
Ifесли, whenкогда, as soon as как только, tillдо тех пор, before перед, after после, until до
20I (to do) it as soon as I (to get) book. 2. When you (to see) Mr. Smith you (to ask) him to call
тех пор, как, while – во время используется Present Simple.
Ex. 43 Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple или Present Simple. (Все предложения
относятся к будущему)..
1.
immediately. 3. If the rain (not to stop) there (to be) a flood. 4. He (to leave) before you (to get) our message.
5. If all (to go) well we (to land) tonight. 6. My sister (to take care) of my luggage while I (to get) my ticket.
7. Tomorrow if the weather (to be) good we (to go) to the country. 8. We (to stay) in the waitingroom while
Robert (to look) for a porter. 9.I (to make) you a nice cup of tea as soon as the water (to boil). 10. If you (to
come) past six o'clock you (not to find) him waiting. 11. I think I (to wait) here until your bus (to come). 12.
If you (to be) so excited you hardly (be able) to think.
Ex.44 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения
относятся к будущему).
1. When he (to return) to St. Petersburg, he (to call) on us. 2. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their
letter. 3. We (to gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from Africa. 4. I (to sing) this song
with you if you (to tell) me the words. 5. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house the
next time. 6. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 7. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to
call) on you and we (to have) a good talk. 8. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a
student. 9. As soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 10. You (to pass) many towns and villages
on your way before you (to arrive) in Los Angeles. 11.1 (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go)
to the theatre if she (to bring) tickets. 12. After I (to finish) school, I (to enter) the University.
Ex. 45 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения
относятся к будущему).
1.
go) if the weather (to be) fine? 4. He (to ring) me up when he (to return) home. 5. If it (to rain), we (to stay)
at home. 6. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 7. I am sure he (to come) to say goodbye to us
before he (to leave) the city. 8. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the room. 9. If we (to be) tired,
we (to stop) at a small village halfway to our city and (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10. If you (to
miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 11. She (to make) all the arrangements about it before she (to
fly) there. 12. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a day or two at a resthome not far from here.
Ex. 46 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple и Present Simple.
1.We (to begin) as soon as Tom (to be ready). 2. I (stay) here until it (to get) warmer. Mother (to bring) us
cakes when she (to go) out. 3. If he (to have) time he (to come) to us. 4. The secretary (not to leave) until I
(to send) a message. 5. She (to be) very happy if you (to take) her to the theatre. 6. We (to go) swimming as
soon as school (be) over. 7. She (to be) a good actress if she (to work) hard. 8. I (to open) the door when
father (to ring). 9. I (to see) him again if he (not to come) today.10.I (to notify) you as soon as I (to hear)
from her.11.You (not to go) until I (to know) the truth. 12. He (to come) every day to help you with your
work while I (be) away. 13. You (to have) a chocolate if you (to be) good.
Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense.
I (to see) you before you (to start)? 2. What he (to do) when he (to come) home? 3. Where they (to
Прошедшее простое ( неопределенное) время.
Past Simple (Indefinite) обозначает действия или состояния, происходившие в какойто период в
прошлом и не связанные с моментом речи. Past Simple (Indefinite) — форма, типичная для
описания прошедших событий.
В предложениях с Past Simple (Indefinite) часто указывается время совершения действия.
Словаопределители времени:
Yesterday вчера, two days ago – два дня назад, last year – в прошлом году .
Victor hurried to the station, went to the bookingoffice and bought two tickets.
The show finished at 11 o'clock.
21Past Simple (Indefinite) образуется: (V2, Ved)
Если глагол неправильный используется его вторая форма( смотри таблицу неправильных
глаголов) , которая не изменяется по лицам и числам, за исключением глагола to be (was –
единственное число, were множественное).
I spent a lot of time at the library last month.
Если глагол правильный (т.е. его нет в таблице неправильных глаголов) к его первой форме
прибавляется окончание ed : ask – asked
He worked hard at his composition.
Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола did, который ставится
перед подлежащим. Смысловой глагол употребляется в первой основной форме.
Вспомогательный глагол did + подлежащее + основной глагол(в первой форме) + …..?
(общий вопрос)
I liked the match. Did you like the match? When did the train arrive?
Вопросы к подлежащему образуются, без вспомогательного глагола did.
Подлежащее заменяем на who –кто или what – что.
It happened yesterday. We were absent today.
What happened yesterday?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола did, частицы not и
смыслового глагола в первой основной форме.
Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол did + not + основной глагол (в первой форме) +
… .
I did not know you were ill.
Who was absent today?( to be всегда в форме was)
В разговорной речи в отрицательной форме обычно употребляется сокращение didn't [didnt]. I didn't
know you were ill.
Для справок:
1. Глагол to be в Past Simple (Indefinite) меняется по лицам.
I was ill.
You were right.
We were absent.
You were at school at that time.
He (she, it) was late. They were at the theatre.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Past Simple (Indefinite) глагола to be образуются без помощи
вспомогательного глагола.
Where were you at eight yesterday?
Was he at home at 8 o'clock?
It was not very cold.
2.С оборотом there was (there were) употребляется отрицательное местоимение
no, как и в Present Simple (Indefinite).
There was no rain for two months.
3. При образовании отрицательной формы Past Simple (Indefinite) глагола to have используется
отрицательное местоимение no.
I had no letters for many weeks.
Ex. 47 Вставьте глагол was или were.
1) I .......at the stadium last Sunday. 2) Dam and Mary .......in America a year ago.3)We .....in Moscow
yesterday. 4) Mike ........at school last Monday. 5) We .........in Tambov a week ago.
Ex.48 Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.
1. Yesterday (to be) the third of October.2) It (to be) warm, and we (to play) ball in our yard. 3)Our dog (to
be) with us too.4) It (to like) the game. 5) It (to jump) and (to jump). 6) We (to have) five lessons yesterday.
7) After the lessons the pupils on duty (to wash) the flowers and (to clean) the blackboard and other things.
8)When everything in the classroom (to look) clean, they (to go) home. 9)It (to be) half past three then, and
22they (to be) very hungry.10) The children (to work) on a collective farm last summer.11) We (to play)
football and other interesting games at the pioneer camp a year ago.12) Mike (to go) to his circle early
yesterday.13) It ( to snow) last winter. 14) The Ninth Form pupils (to clean) the street in front of the
school.15) She ( to answer) questions well yesterday.16) Yesterday evening I (to watch) TV. 17) He (to be)
tired and (to go) to bad at half past ten.18) My brother and I (to be) at camp from the first of July to the
twentieth of July.19) We (to take) warm things with us, because it (to be), cold. 20) My father (to give) us
good ideas for our pictures. 21) Everything in the country (to look) beautiful when we (to be) there last
spring. 22) Mike (to show) her how to take on her skates.
Ex.49 Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.
1.My sister (to travel) to England last summer 2. Ann (to buy) an interesting book yesterday.3.Helen (to
study) French last year. 4. Kate (to cook) dinner two days ago 5. Не (to go) to the south last year 6. My
friend (to write) a letter yesterday.7. I (to study) English ten years ago. 8.They (to drink) coffee yesterday
morning.9. My friend and I (to travel) to France, last year.10. Tom (to send) me a telegram two days
ago.11. Is Kate at home? Yes, she (to arrive) 5 minutes ago 12. Yesterday I (to get) early and (to have)a
shower up, 13. She (to come) yesterday afternoon.14.My granny (to make) a chocolate cake last Sunday.15.
I (to watch) TV yesterday.
Ex. 50 Поставьте все типы вопросов к предложениям. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.
1. Lena lived in Moscow in 1998. 2. She walked to the station. 3. The cat liked fish. 4. The students worked
in the garden. 5. They went to the cinema yesterday. 6. She told us a very interesting story. 7. A strange
woman came to our house yesterday. 8. I played the piano when I was a boy. 9. Last year I began to write a
book.10. Yesterday I had five lessons at school.
Ex. 51 Сделайте предложения отрицательными. Поставьте вопросы к предложениям.
1) I had six lessons last Tuesday.2) The first lesson was Russian.3) We wrote a dictation. 4) My friend went
to the blackboard and wrote the date.5) I went to the canteen after the third lesson. 6) I ate a salad and a
sandwich.7) After school I took a bus and went to the library.8) In the library I read a book.9)Then I played
snowballs in the yard.10) In the evening I cleaned my teeth and went to bed.
Ex.52 Put the sentences into Past Simple, Present Progressive and Future Simple.
1)We like our trip to Spain. 2)They bathe in the sea every day in summer. 3) Mike lives in the country. 4) He
knows well every subject.5) I get good marks in English.6) Helen dances every evening. 7) They play
football every Sunday. 8) I like to play chess in my childhood. 9) The teacher writes new words on the
blackboard. 10) We study English every evening.
Ex. 53 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
1.She (to make) tea for her guests. 2. We (to know) everything about that event. 3. He (to think) much about
this problem. 4.I (to be) wrong and apologized to him. 5. He (not to realize) his mistakes. 6. When you (to
speak) to him? — I (to speak) to him only yesterday.7.She (not to get) letters from her son last month.8.He
(to go) to the airport to meet his brother. 9. What you (to do) yesterday evening? — Nothing in particular.
We (to watch) TV and (to look) through newspapers. 10. I (to understand) the article well. 11. I (to listen to)
this music. 12. I (to find) many good stories in this book. 13. The students (to spend) must time in the
library. 14. She (to make) many mistakes in her test. 15. They read many English books.
Ex. 54 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
On the 15th of October, two men (to try) to get to the top of Everest. They (to make) their camp at the
bottom of the mountain. They (to feel) very well in it. It (to be) the highest camp on the mountain. The
night before the climb, they (to drink) tea and had supper. They (to discuss) what to take with them to the
top. They (to decide) to leave their sleeping bags and tents behind because the equipment (to be) too heavy.
Early in the morning they (to have) breakfast and (to get) dressed. Then they (to start) to go up the
mountain. It (to be» extremely difficult. The snow (to be; very deep After a long, hard fight they (to reach)
the top together. They (to laugh), (to shout) and (to take) some photographs. Then the sun (to disappear)
and the two men (to realise) they (to be) on the top of Everest and it (to be) almost night. Their camp (to
be) too far to reach. They (to go) a little way down the mountain, but there (to be) no moon and it (to be)
too dangerous. They (to have) to spend the night on the mountain, at about 10,000 metres, with no tent,
sleeping bags or food. They (to believe) it (to be) possible. They (to dig) a hole in the snow, and (to bury)
23themselves. They (not to sleep). It (to be) 30 °C. When the light (to come) at last they (to begin) climbing
down, and soon they (to get) to their camp. Everybody (to be) happy.
Ex. 55 В предложениях описаны события, которые происходили прошлым летом. Представьте, что эти
события произойдут будущим летом.
1.I was in America a year ago. 2.Where were your parents last summer? 3. It was in July. 4. There was no
fruit in May. 5. Did you rollerskate? 6. She bought a new dress, didn’t she? 7. My mom taught my brother
to swim.
Ex. 56 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
1. Ей понравилось представление. 2. Было очень холодно на прошлой неделе. 3. Я встретил их у
моего друга дома. 4. Ктонибудь звонил мне пока меня не было? 5. Мы не получили ее ответ вчера. 6.
Я отправил вчера письма моим друзьям. 7. У меня не было времени делать эту работу. 8. Я читал этот
журнал вчера. 9. Ему не понравился фильм. 10. Он звонил тебе вчера? 11. Они провели каникулы в
Лондоне. 12. Он сдал экзамен по английскому в понедельник. 13. Я навестил бабушку и дедушку на
прошлой неделе. 14. Я разговаривал с ним вчера.
Ex.57 Поставьте предложения в Past Simple.
1. There is a large forest near our city. 2. There are many berries and mushrooms there. 3. There is always
much work to do about the house. 4. There is no need to begin all over again. 5. There is nothing to do but to
wait. 6. Are there any museums in your home town? 7. There will be no vacant seats in the stalls. 8. There
will be an interesting lecture on literature tomorrow. 9. There is a sofa and two armchairs in our livingroom.
10. There is always much light in this room.
E x . 58 Поставьте следующие предложения в Past и Future Simple.
Образец: There is a park near our school. There was a park near our school. There will be a park near our
school.
1. There is much snow in winter. 2. There are not any German books in our library. 3. There is one theatre
and five cinemas in this town. 4. There is no lift in our house. 5. There is little milk in the bottle. 6. There are
few shops in this district. 7. There are three rooms in our flat. 8. There is a new film on at our local cinema.
9. There are not many difficult exercises in this textbook. 10. There are two hospitals in this town.
E x . 5 9 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующем времени Simple (Present, Past или
Future):1.Не (come) to school tomorrow. 2. Ann not (come) to the park.3. He not (go) to the cinema every
day. He (go) last Sunday. 4. Peter (write) a letter in two days. 5. The teacher says that the boys (speak)
English next year. 6. When he (come)? I think he (come) next Tuesday.7. Where the teacher (go) last
summer? 8. I (take) the book to the library tomorrow. 9. They not (see) the film because they were very
busy. They (see) it in the near future. 10. When we (do) it? Tomorrow or next week?
TEST. THREE TENSES.
Ex. 60 Choose the write form of the verb.
1) Kate ... to the shop yesterday. a) go b) went c) will go
2) He ... interesting books in the original, a) read b) reads c) will read
2)
John ... his leg last year. a) broke b) breaks c) will break
4 ) .... he like cats? a) Does b) Do c) Doesn't
5) Tom usually ... in the garden. a) played b) will play c) plays
6) They ... to the cinema yesterday, a) have gone b) go c) went
7) Mum ... the washing up yesterday, a) does b) is doing c) did
7)
She ... got two brothers. a) have b) has c) will have
9) They always ... fruit for breakfast, a) will buy b) buy c) buys
10) He ... to school because he was ill. a) doesn't go b) didn't go c) won't go
11)
Every summer she ... holidays at her grandmother's, a) spent b) spends c) will spend
I ... this film 3 years ago. a) see b) saw c) will see
11)
13)
He never eats eggs. He ... them. a) doesn't like b) didn't like c) won't like
14) We ... a trip to Italy next summer, a) made b) make c) shall make
14)
16) He ... a minute ago. a) leave b) left c) leaves
I think they ... the exam tomorrow. a) do pass b) will pass c) will pass
24I ... my English lessons on Fridays. a) took b) take c) will take
Nancy ... her teeth now. a) brushes b) is brushing c) brushed
Sometimes we ... at a restaurant. a) eat b) are eating c) ate
She ... a Christmas dinner now. a) cooks b) is cooking c) cooked
17) Yesterday I ... in the library. a) work b) worked c) will work
18)
18)
20)
20)
22) It often ... in autumn. a) rains b) is raining c) rained
23) School year ... in September. a) begins b) begin c) is beginning
24)
24)
Ex. 61 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present, Past и Future Simple.
1. Моя сестра сейчас в магазине. 2. Моя сестра была в театре вчера. 3. Моя сестра будет в
Bob ... television, he can't answer the call. a) watches b) is watching c) watched
John ... adventure books. a) liked b) like c) likes
библиотеке завтра. 4. Сегодня мы в Москве, а завтра будем в Туле. 5. Вчера он был за городом, а
сегодня он дома. 6. Она была учителем в прошлом году сейчас она переводчик. 7. Она на работе
сейчас, а вечером она будет у родителей. 8. Твоя сестра будет учителем? — Нет, она будет
журналистом. 9. Нас будет дома завтра.10. Кто будет здесь завтра? — Я буду.
Ex. 62 Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в прошедшем и будущем временах.
1.There are many trees in our garden.2.There is a trolleybus stop near my office.3.There are some mistakes
in his dictation.4.There is a piece of chalk on the table.5.There is much snow in the street. 6. There are many
flowers in the vase. 7. There are two pens in my bag.
Ex. 63 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. My brother (to
wash) his face every morning. 4. Yesterday he (to wash) his face at a quarter past seven. 5. I (not to have)
history lessons every day. 6. We (not to rest) yesterday. 7. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 8. My
mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to
her office. 9. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? Yes, I .... But yesterday I (not to talk)
to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 10. You (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday? No, I ....
Yesterday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my
family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 11. Your sister (to go)
to school every day? Yes, she ....
Ex. 64 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.
1. My friend (to know) English very well. 2. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 3. He (to live) on the third
floor. 4. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 5. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday?
(обычно) 6. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 7. Her friends (to be) ready at five o'clock. 8. One
of her brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last summer. 9. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to
become) Queen of England in 1952. 10. You always (to get) up at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I (to
get) up at half past seven.
Ex. 65 . Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1.I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at ten
o'clock tomorrow. 4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day. 5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 6. I (not
to go) to the cinema tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to
watch) TV tomorrow? 10. When you (to leave) home for school every day? 11. When you (to leave) home
for school yesterday? 12. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow? 13. My brother (to go) to work
every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to be) near our house, he
(to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (riot to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine
o'clock. 14. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I... . 15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday?
I (to buy) a book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to
read) newspapers tomorrow.
Ex. 66 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous,
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. He (to spend) last summer in the country. 2. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 3. He (to
spend) last summer in the country? 4. Where he (to spend) last summer? 5. She (to help) mother yesterday.
6. She (not to help) mother yesterday. 7. She (to help) mother yesterday? 8. How she (to help) mother
25yesterday? 9. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 10. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 11. Kate (to cook) dinner
now. 12. Kate (to cook) dinner yesterday. 13. I (not to eat) icecream every day. 14. I (not to eat) icecream
now, 15. I (not to eat) icecream tomorrow. 16. I (not to eat) icecream yesterday. 17. You (to go) to school
every day? 18. You (to go) to school now? 19. You (to go) to the south next summer? 20. You (to go) abroad
last summer? 21. What your brother (to do) every day? 22. What your brother (to do) now? 23. What your
brother (to do) tomorrow? 24. What your brother (to do) yesterday?
Ex. 67 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous,
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Mother (to cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to school. 3. Look! My
friends (to play) football. 4, Kate (not to write) letters every day. 5. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 6.
Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 7. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (to get) up
every morning? 9. Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 10. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place
tomorrow. 11. He (not to play) the piano tomorrow. 12. We (to see) a very good film last Sunday. 13. Your
mother (to cook) every day? 14. We (to make) a fire last summer. 15. I (to spend) last summer at the seaside.
16. Where you (to spend) last summer? 17. Where he (to spend) next summer? 18. What mother (to do)
now? — She (to cook) dinner. 19. I (not to play) computer games yesterday. 20. Last Sunday we (to go) to
the theatre. 21. I (to meet) my friend yesterday. 22. I (to write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 23. You (to
write) a dictation tomorrow? 24. I (not to write) a report now.
Ex. 68 . Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous,
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. We (to go) on a tramp last Sunday. 2. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday? 3. Granny
(not to cook) dinner now. 4. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 5. My sister (to wash) the dishes
every morning. 6. When you (to go) to school? 7. What you (to prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 8. You (to
invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer? 9. How you (to help) your sister last summer? 10. I (to
send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 11. Every morning on the way to school I (to meet) my friends. 12. My
friend (to go) to the library every Wednesday. 13. He (not to go) to the country yesterday. 14. Why you (to
go) to the shop yesterday? 15. We (to grow) tomatoes next summer. 16. What you (to do) now? 17. He (to
sleep) now. 18. Where your father (to work) last year? 19. You (to go) to the south next summer! 20. He (not
to watch) TV yesterday. 21. Yesterday we (to write) a testpaper. 22. 1 (to buy) a very good book last
Tuesday. 23. My granny (not to buy) bread yesterday. 24. What you (to buy) at the shop tomorrow? 25.
Don't make noise! Father(to work).
Ex. 69 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous,
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1.
sports. 3. What (to be) the matter with her? She (to be) so excited. I (not to know). 4. Where you (to go)? I
(to go) to the to see the match which (to take) place there now. 5. You (to know) that a very interesting
match (to take) place last Sunday? 6. He (to go) to the south a week ago. 7. When I (to be) about fifteen
years old, I (to enjoy) playing football. 8. Our football team (to win) many games last year. 9. Where (to be)
Barry? He (to play) chess with his friend. 10. I (to be) sorry I (to miss) the match yesterday. But I (to
know) the score. It (to be) 4 to 2 in favour of the NTP team. 11. Nellie (to leave) for Jacksonville tomorrow.
12. I (to be) in a hurry. My friends (to wait) for me. 13. You (to be) at the theatre yesterday. You (to like) the
opera? — Oh yes, I (to enjoy) it greatly. 14. You (to go) to London next summer?
Various kinds of sports (to be) popular in England. 2. Both children and grownups (to be) fond of
Ex. 70 Use the necessary word.
1) Many people go in for … a) take b) beautiful c) sports
2) English helps people in cultural … a) relations b) own c) important
3) I like to watch sports … on TV. a) competition b) kinds c) favorite
4) I want to read foreign literature in the … a) develop b) original c) different
5) Sport is very … a) hear b) go c) useful
6) Today English is the … of the world . a) adventure b) foreign c) language
7) … is the most famous summer kind of sports. a) swimming b) skating c) skiing
8) Books help people in our … a) studies b) important c) often
9) We … many things from books a) learn b) selfeducation c) nature
2610) I think a book is the best … a) often b) present c) favourite
27Adding Приложение
My Visit Card
Questions Вопросы Answers Ответы
1) What is your first name? My (first) name is Alexey.
Как тебя зовут? Меня зовут Алексей
2) What is your surname? My surname is Belov.
Как твоя фамилия? Моя фамилия Белов
3) How old are you? I’m fifteen.
Сколько тебе лет? Мне 15 лет
4) Where do you study? I study at the Textile College.
Где ты учишься? Я учусь в Текстильном техникуме
5) What course are you in? I’m a first (second, third) – year student.
На каком ты курсе? Я на 1 (2, 3) курсе
6) What nationality are you? I’m Russian.
Какой ты национальности? Я русский(ая)
7) Where do you live? I live in Morshansk.
Где ты живешь? Я живу в Моршанске
8) Where were you born? I was born in Morshansk.
Где ты родился(родилась)? Я родился(родилась) в Моршанске
9) What is your date of birth? It is twentyfifth of June,1992.
Когда у тебя день рождения? Мой день рождения 25 июня,1992
10) What is your address? My address is Russia, Tambov region,
Morshansk, Lotikova street, 25, flat 87.
Какой твой адрес? Мой адрес Россия, Тамб. обл.,
Моршанск, ул. Лотикова, д.25, кв. 87.
11) What is your telephone number? My telephone number is sevenfoureightsevenfive.
Какой твой номер телефона? Мой номер телефона 74875
I have no telephone. У меня нет телефона.
12) Is your family large? We are four in the family.
У тебя большая семья? Нас в семье четверо
13) Are you an only child? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. I’ve got a sister (brother).
Ты единственный ребенок? Да. Нет, у меня есть сестра(брат)
14) What are your parents? My father is a worker, my mother is a bookkeeper.
Кем работают родители? Мой папа рабочий, мама – бухгалтер.
15) What is your sister (brother)? My sister is a pupil (student).
Чем занимается твоя сестра(брат)? Моя сестра ученица (студентка)
16) Have you got grandparents? Yes, I’ve got two grandmothers and a grandfather.
They are pensioners.
У тебя есть бабушка и дедушка? Да, у меня две бабушки и дедушка. Они пенсионеры
17) Have you got a hobby? In my free time I like listening to music, reading,
watching TV, playing computer games, besides I like
cooking. I’m interested in designing clothes.
У тебя есть хобби? В свободное время я люблю слушать музыку, читать,
смотрю телевизор, играю в комп. игры, кроме того я
люблю готовить. Я интересуюсь дизайном одежды.
18) Have you got any pets? Yes, I love animals. I have a dog (a cat).Its name is Barry.
У тебя есть домашние животные? Да. Я люблю животных. У меня есть собака(кошка).
28Его(ее) зовут Бери.
19) What is your favourite sport? My favourite sport is basketball (shaping).It helps me to keep fit.
Какой твой любимый вид спорта? Мой любимый вид спорта баскетбол(шейпинг).
Он помогает мне быть в форме.
20) What kind of music do you like –classical, pop or rock music? I prefer pop music. My favourite
Какую музыку ты любишь классику, group(singer) is “Silver”. Я предпочитаю поп музыку. поп или
рок музыку? Моя любимая группа (певец, певица) – “Звери”.
21) Is your family friendly? Yes, my family is very united and friendly. I love them very much.
Твоя семья дружная? Да, моя семья очень сплоченная и дружная. Я очень их люблю.
Duty. Weather. Дежурство. Погода
I am on duty today. Я сегодня дежурный.
It is autumn (winter, spring, summer). Сейчас осень( зима, весна, лето)
Today is the first of September. Сегодня первое сентября
the second of October второе октября
the third of November третье ноября
the forth of December четвертое декабря
the fifth of January пятое января
the sixth of February шестое февраля
the seventh of March седьмое марта
the eighth of April восьмое апреля
the ninth of May девятое мая
the tenth of June десятое июня
the eleventh of July одиннадцатое июля
the twelfth of August двенадцатое августа
the thirteenth тринадцатое
двадцатое
пятнадцатое
the fourteenth четырнадцатое
the fifteenth
the sixteenth
шестнадцатое
the seventeenth семнадцатое
the eighteenth восемнадцатое
the nineteenth
девятнадцатое
the twentieth
the twenty first
the twenty second
the twenty third
the twenty forth
the twenty fifth
the twenty sixth двадцать шестое
the twenty seventh
двадцать седьмое
двадцать восьмое
the twenty eighth
the twenty ninth
двадцать девятое
the thirtieth
the thirty first
двадцать первое
двадцать второе
двадцать третье
тридцать первое
двадцать четвертое
двадцать пятое
тридцатое
Today is Monday Сегодня понедельник
Tuesday вторник
Wednesday среда
Thursday четверг
Friday пятница
Saturday суббота
29Sunday воскресенье
In my opinion the weather is По моему мнению погода
good ( bad, soso, fine). хорошая ( плохая, так себе, прекрасная)
I think so, because Я так думаю, потому, что
the sun is (not) shining солнце светит (не светит)
the sky is blue( grey, covered with clouds, cloudless) небо голубое (серое,покрыто облаками, безоблачное)
it is raining (snowing) идет дождь (снег)
it is nasty (cold, cool, hot, warm) пасмурно (холодно, прохладно, жарко, тепло)
the (strong) wind is blowing (сильный) ветер дует
there are puddles of water in the streets на улицах лужи
the leaves are falling off опадают листья
it is freezing (slippery, sleet, muddy) морозно (скользко, дождь со снегом, грязно)
The temperature is 7 degrees above / below zero. Температура воздуха 7 градусов выше / ниже нуля
Ivanov is absent. Иванов отсутствует.
Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov are absent. Иванов, Петров, Сидоров отсутствуют
All are present. Все присутствуют.
If. Если.
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Останься прост, беседуя с царями,
Or walk with kings –nor lose the common touch; Останься честен, говоря с толпой;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you; Будь прям и тверд с врагами и друзьями,
If all men count with, you but none too much; Пусть все, в свой час, считаются с тобой;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute Наполни смыслом каждое мгновенье
With sixty seconds worth of distance run Часов и дней неумолимый бег –
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, Тогда весь мир ты примешь, как
владенье,
And – which is more you’ll be a Man, my son! Тогда, мой сын, ты будешь Человек!
by Rudyard Kipling Перевод М.Лозинского
Read and translate the text, answer the questions:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom is situated in the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic
Ocean on the north and northwest and the North Sea on the east.
The UK includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain, the largest island in
Europe, contains England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom has an area of 94,249
square miles. The capital of the country is London. English is the official language.
The population of the UK is nearly 60 million people. The population lives mostly in towns
and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five people live in towns. Over 46 million
people live in England. Over 3 million — in Wales. A little over 5 million — in Scotland.
About 1.5 million — in Northern Ireland. London's population is over 7 million people. The
British nation consists of the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. There are many people
of all colours and races in the United Kingdom.
The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not too hot in summer or too cold in winter. It
often rains in England. Rain falls in summer and in winter, in autumn and in spring. Snow falls
only in the north and west of the country. The surface of England and Ireland is flat, but
Scotland and Wales are mountainous. Many parts of the country have beautiful villages. There
30are many rivers in Great Britain. The main river is the Thames. Many ships and barges go up
and down the river. The longest river is the Severn. It is 350 kilometres long.
There are many universities, colleges, libraries, museums and theatres in the country. The
most famous universities are Cambridge University, Oxford University, Glasgow University.
The UK is a parliamentary monarchy. The British Parliament consists of two Houses; the
House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the head of the
government. The main political parties of Great Britain are the Labour Party, the Liberal
Party, the Conservative Party. The Communist Party of Great Britain was founded in
1920.The United Kingdom has some mineral resources. Coal and oil are the most important
of them. The United Kingdom is one of the world’s most industrialized countries. The main
industrial centres are Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester. The largest cities of the country
are London, Birmingham, Cardiff, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin.
Agriculture takes an important sector in economy of the country. The British people grow
wheat, fruit, vegetables, oats.
Questions
1)Where is Great Britain situated? 4) What is the official language in England?
2) What is the area of the United Kingdom? 5) How many rivers are there in Great Britain?
3) What is the capital of the country? 6) What does the British Parliament consist of?
7) What are the main political parties in Great Britain?
8) When was the Communist Party of Great Britain founded?
9)What are the main industrial centres in Great Britain?
10) Name the largest cities of the country.
11) What do you know about the population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland?
12) What does the British nation consist of?
13) Are there many people of all colours and races in the United Kingdom?
14) What is the climate of Great Britain?
London
Read the text and answer the questions:
London is the capital of Great Britain. It is a very old city. It is two thousand years old.
London is not only the capital of the country, it is also a huge port. London is situated upon
both banks of the Thames. There 17 bridges across the river. The population of London is
about 9 million people. London has got three parts: the City of London, the West End, the East
End.
The City of London is the oldest part of London. You can see narrow streets and
pavements there. There are many offices, firms and banks in this part of London. The City of
London is the financial centre of the United Kingdom.
The West End is the centre of London. There are many sights in the West End. They are, for
example, the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben. It is interesting that the clock "Big Ben" came
into service in 1859. Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. It weighs 13.5 tons.
The other interesting place is Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is
situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton,
Darvin and others.
The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18th
31century.
There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the
centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.There
are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The Tate Gallery is one of the well
known galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was fond of paintings
and collected many pictures.
The British Museum is a very interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The
library of this museum has a lot of books. The East End of London is the district for the
working people. There are many factories, workshops, docks there. There are many cars and
buses in London. There is a tube (an underground) in London, too. It is a nice one. One can say
that the City is the money of London, the West End is the goods of London, the East End is the
hands of London.
32Words
The Houses of Parliament – здание парламента huge огромный
The Thames — p. Teмзa pavement тротуар
Population – население workshop – мастерская, цех
Questions
1. What is the capital of Great Britain?
2. What do you know about the population of Great Britain?
3. Are there any beautiful parks in London?
4. Name three main parts of London.
5. What kind of interesting places are there in London?
6. Where is Trafalgar Square?
7. What do you know about the British Museum?
8. Where is the official London residence of the Queen?
9. The Tate Gallery is one of the wellknown galleries in London, isn't it?
10. Have you been to London?
Political System of Great Britain
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. There are two heads in the country. One is the
Queen, and the other is the Parliament. Almost all the power belongs to the Parliament, as
the Queen is only a formal ruler of the country. In other words, Queen Elizabeth II is the
head of the state but the Parliament has the supreme authority. The Queen has also a number
of ministers, who bear the responsibility for her royal acts. An interesting fact is that Great
Britain doesn’t have any written constitution, but has only a set of laws made by the
Parliament. Official residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace, in London. However,
she has also some other residences in Britain. The Parliament has two chambers: the House
of Lords and the House of commons. The most important and powerful one is the House of
Commons, which contains of 650 members. There are also a number of important political
parties in Britain, such as the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, the Liberal Party, the
Social Democratic Party and others. Each political party has its leader, who takes part in
elections. The one who wins becomes an MP (Member of Parliament). The party that holds
the majority of seats in the Parliament usually forms the Government, with the Prime
Minister at the head. The Prime Minister’s first duty is to assemble a Cabinet. The main
responsibilities of the House of Commons are legislation and review of governmental
matters. The House of Lords consists of nearly 1200 peers. The head of the House of Lords
is the Lord Chancellor. This House has no real power but has the responsibility to be an
advisory council. The interesting fact about the House of Lords is that it’s a hereditary
chamber.
At the airport . В аэропорту
Terminal – аэровокзал Entrance – вход
Flight – рейс самолета Exit – выход
Arrivals – прибытие Security – служба безопасности
Departures – отправление Landing – посадка самолета
Information – справочное бюро Time of departure – время отправления
Checkin – регистрация Passport control – паспортный контроль
Gate – выход на посадку Customs – таможняLuggage claim – выдача багажа Lost & (and) Found – бюро забытых вещей
Delay – опоздание, рейс откладывается Dutyfree Shop – магазин беспошлинной торговли
At the airplane.В самолете
Emergency exit Аварийный выход No smoking Не курить
Fasten Seat Belts Пристегнуть ремни Vacant Свободно
Occupied – Занято Businessclass Бизнескласс
Economyclass Экономкласс Aisle [ail] – Проход
Seat – Место Seat back Спинка кресла
Air vent – Вентилятор Life jacket Спасательный жилет
Phrases.Фразы
Please, give me a blanket / a pillow / a paper bag Дайте, пожалуйста, плед / подушку / пакетик
Help me, please to fasten the belts / to tip up the seat Помогите мне, пожалуйста,
пристегнуть ремни / откинуть кресло
Bring me, please juice / mineral water(with ice) / tea / coffee Принесите, пожалуйста, сок /
минеральную воду (со льдом) / чай / кофе
I am not well. Help me, please. Мне плохо. Помогите, пожалуйста
At the hotel.В гостинице
B&B ( bed and breakfast) ночлег и завтрак Reception регистрация
Manager – администратор A double room двухместный номер
Do not disturb не беспокоить Fire exit запасный выход
Service – обслуживание Money / Currency exchange обмен денег / валюты
No vacancies мест нет Room number номер комнаты
Maid – горничная Halfboard полупансион
Room service обслуживание в номер Key ключ
Shower –душ Bathroom ванная
Balcony – балкон Conditioner кондиционер
Bathrobe – халат Slippers тапочки
Porter носильщик
Phrases
.Фразы
Do you have vacant rooms? У вас есть свободные номера?
I have a reservation. У меня забронирован номер
I’d like a single room. Мне нужен одноместный номер
How much is it per night? Сколько стоит номер в сутки?
I’d like to see the room. – Я хочу посмотреть номер
It’s too expensive. Это слишком дорого
I’ll take this room. Key, please. Я беру этот номер. Ключ, пожалуйста.
I’ll stay here for one week. Я остановлюсь на неделю.
When is breakfast here? Когда здесь завтрак?
Please, wake me up at 7 a. m. Разбудите меня в семь часов утра, пожалуйста.
Please, call a taxi for me at 10.00 p.m. Закажите такси, пожалуйста, на 10 часов вечера.
The TV is out of order. Телевизор сломался.
We are leaving. Here is the key. Мы уезжаем. Вот ключ от номера.
The bill, please Счет, пожалуйста.
Can I pay by credit card? Можно оплатить кредитной картой?
Give me, please, the key of my room Дайте мне, пожалуйста, ключ от моего номера
Change bedlinen, please. Смените, пожалуйста, постельное белье.
A switch has broken / A bulb has burnt out in my room. У меня в номере сломался выключатель /
перегорела лампочка
At the restaurant.В ресторане
34Restaurant – ресторан Pub паб
Snack bar – закусочная Teashop, tea room чайная
Bar – бар Breakfast завтрак
Lunch, dinner – обед Supper ужин
Menu – меню Vegetarian menu вегетарианское меню
Wine list карта вин Bill счет
Waiter – официант A dish of the day дежурное блюдо
Sandwiches – бутерброды A plate тарелка
A cup чашка A spoon ложка
A fork – вилка A knife нож
A glass – бокал A napkin – салфетка
Salt – соль Sugar сахар
Pepper – перец Mustard горчица
Ashtray – пепельница A toothpick зубочистка
Salad –салат Appetizer – закуска
Herring – селедка Caviar икра
Sausage колбаса Wine вино
Mineral water вода минеральная Juice сок
Bread – хлеб The first course первое (блюдо)
Soup – суп Broth бульон
The main course второе (блюдо) Meat мясо
Beef – говядина Pork свинина
Lamb – баранина Chop отбивная
Chicken – курица Veal телятина
Fish – рыба Salmon лосось
Freshwater fish речная рыба Eggs яйца
Seafood – морепродукты Shrimps креветки
Lobster –омар Oysters [‘oist
Local dish национальное блюдо Potatoes картофель
Rice – рис Vegetables овощи
Cucumbers – огурцы Tomatoes помидоры
Sauce [so:s] – соус Dessert [de’s
Coffee – кофе Tea чай
A cake – пирожное Sweets конфеты
Jam – варенье Fruit фрукты
Icecream – мороженое Hot горячий
Cold – холодный Fresh свежий
Boiled – вареный Fried жареный
Smoked – копченый Salted соленый
Spicy – острый No salt без соли
Sweet – сладкий Sparkling газированный
Still не газированный A bottle бутылка
s] устрицы
:t] десерт
Phrases
.Фразы
Ə
Ə
A table for one / two, please Мне нужен столик на одного / на двоих .
Give me a menu, please Дайте меню, пожалуйста
Do you have a menu in Russian? У вас есть меню на русском языке?
What do you recommended for dinner? Что лучше взять на обед?
I would like to order … Я хочу еще заказать …
Where is the toilet? Где здесь туалет?
The bill, please Счет, пожалуйста
35Thank you, the meal was very good Спасибо, все было очень вкусно
Shops and Shopping.Магазин. Покупки.
Open – открыто Opening hours часы работы
Close – закрыто Sale распродажа
Food продукты Electric goods – электротовары
Men’s wear мужская одежда Women’s wear женская одежда
Customer services обслуживание покупателей Sports спорттовары
Shopping centre торговый центр – Household goods хозтовары
Market рынок Toys – игрушки
Basket – корзина Plastic bag пакет
Shop assistant – продавец Customer покупатель
Things – вещи Size размер
Pay desk – касса Money деньги
Change – сдача Coins монеты
Cheque – чек Camera – фотоаппараты
Price – цена Discount – скидка
Clothes – одежда
Phrases.Фразы
Where is a shopping centre? – Где здесь торговый центр?
I want to buy … Я хочу купить …
I need … Мне нужно …
I have … У меня есть …
I’m just looking – Я просто смотрю.
How much is it? – Сколько стоит?
Give me, please … Дайте мне …
Where is a fitting room? – Где здесь примерочная?
Where is a lift? – Где лифт?
Show me, please … Покажите мне …
Could you help me? – Не поможете мне?
I’ll take it – Я это беру.
It’s too small/big for me – Это мне мало / велико.
My size is … Мой размер …
Where is the sale here? – Где здесь распродажа?
At the chemist’s. В аптеке
Chemist’s, drugstore – Аптека Chemist’s shop open Дежурная аптека
Where is the chemist’s / drugstore (амер.) here? Где здесь аптека?
I need Мне нужен …
Have you … Есть у вас …? Antibiotic антибиотик Iodine йод
A bandage бинт An adhesive лейкопластырь
A syringe шприц Painkiller болеутоляющее
Nose drops капли в нос
Give me, please, something for … Дайте мне, пожалуйста, чтонибудь от …
A headache [hedeik] головной боли а cold – простуды, насморка а cough [kof] кашля
How much must I pay? Сколько с меня? (напишите, пожалуйста)
At the doctors У врача
I’m not well Я плохо себя чувствую.
I’m ill Я заболел.
I need a doctor Мне нужен врач.
36∫ Ə Ə
Could you help me, please? Помогите мне, пожалуйста.
I don’t speak English Я не говорю поанглийски.
Call an ambulance, please Вызовите скорую помощь.
I have medical insurance [in’ u r ns] certificate У меня есть медицинская страховка.
How could I take this medicine? Как принимать лекарство?
Could I see a dentist? Мне нужен зубной врач.
Could I have a blood test? Мне нужно сделать анализ крови.
Taxi.Такси
Taxi stand / taxi rank стоянка такси
I need a taxi Мне нужно такси.
Are you free? Вы свободны?
This address, please Отвезите меня по этому адресу.
To the city centre, please Отвезите меня в центр города.
Stop here, please Остановитесь здесь.
Wait here, please Подождите здесь.
A receipt [risit], please Квитанцию, пожалуйста.
A post office. A telephone.Почта. Телефон
Postbox, mailbox почтовый ящик Postal code почтовый индекс
Letter – письмо To send a letter послать письмо
A stamp – марка An envelop конверт
A postcard почтовая открытка A telegram телеграмма
A register letter заказное письмо To send by Email послать по электронной почте
Express delivery срочная доставка A sender отправитель
An addressee – получатель An address адрес
To send a fax отправить факс Payphone платный таксофон (монетный)
Phone card телефонная карточка Card phone карточный таксофон
Mobile phone мобильный телефон Telephone directory телефонный справочник
To dial набрать номер Engaged / busy линия занята
Reverse charge call звонок за счет вызываемого абонента
Phrases.Фразы
Where is a telephone here? Где здесь телефон?
I want to make a phone call to Russia Мне нужно позвонить в Россию
Give me, please the phone number for Мне нужен номер телефона в …
What dialing code for … Какой код в …?
We have been cut off Нас разъединили.
Надписи и указатели
At the city В городе Bank Банк
Square – Площадь Cash machine (dispenser) – Банкомат
City centre Центр города Commission fee – Комиссионный сбор
Pedestrians only Только для пешеходов Traveller’s cheques – Дорожные чеки
Keep left Держитесь левой стороны Bank transfer – Банковский перевод
Keep right Держитесь правой стороны Bank account – Банковский счет
Underground – Метро To draw money from the bank account Снять деньги со счета
Taxi stand Стоянка такси Payment Выплата
No Trespassing Проход запрещен To cash Обналичить
Private Property, no admittance Посторонним вход воспрещён
Danger – Опасно для жизни! Money order – Денежный перевод
Press here – Нажмите кнопку Admission free Вход бесплатный
Push От себя Tickets – Билетные кассы
Pull К себе Leftluggage – Камера хранения
Rent a car (car rental) Прокат автомобилей Track Путь
37Прекрасно, спасибо
Monday – Friday only – Только по будням Admission – Входная плата
Coach – Междугородный автобус Coach station – Автовокзал ( для междугор. авт)
I Greeting people
Good morning, good afternoon, good evening Доброе утро, добрый день, добрый вечер
Hello, Hi Привет!
How do you do? Здравствуйте ( при знакомстве)
Nice to meet you
Приятно познакомиться
How are you? Как вы?
How are you getting on? Как дела?
What' s the matter ? Что случилось?
I'm glad to meet you. Рад познакомиться с тобой (Вами).
I was missing you. Я скучал по тебе (Вам).
I haven't seen you for ages. Я не видел тебя (Вас) сто лет.
I don't see much of you. Я редко тебя (Вас) вижу.
Glad to see you Рад тебя (Вас) видеть
Replies Ответы.
Fine, thanks
I’m all right, thanks Я в порядке, спасибо
Very well Очень хорошо
Quite well Вполне нормально.
Everything is all right Все в порядке.
Not too well Не слишком хорошо.
Soso Так себе.
Middling Средне.
Nothing to boast of Хвастаться нечем
II Saying goodbye Прощание Thanks Благодарность
Goodbye До свидания
Bye
See you
See you later
See you soon
I’m sorry to see you go
I hope we’ll meet again
I’ve enjoyed seeing you Рад был вас видеть
I must go now Я должен идти
Thank you (very much). Большое спасибо
Thanks. Спасибо
Thank you for coming. Спасибо за то, что вы пришли
Thank you for telling me about it. Спасибо за то, что вы сказали мне об этом.
Thank you for a wonderful evening. Спасибо за чудесный вечер
Thank you in advance Заранее благодарен вам.
Replies Ответы
You' re welcome. Пожалуйста (к вашим услугам).
Don't mention it. Not at all. Не стоит благодарности.
Пока
Увидимся
До встречи
До скорой встречи
Жаль, что вы уходите
Надеюсь, мы ещё встретимся
38No trouble at all. Никакого беспокойства.
III Apologies Извинения
I'm sorry Извините, простите
Excuse me.
I beg your pardon.
Pardon (me).
Excuse my troubling you. Простите за беспокойство
I must apologize to you. Я должен извиниться перед вами
Apologize to Ann for me. Извинитесь перед Энн за меня
Sorry? I' ve kept you waiting Простите, что заставил вас ждать
Don't be cross with me. Не сердитесь на меня
Forgive me, please Простите меня, пожалуйста
Sorry to interrupt you Простите, что перебиваю вас
Replies Ответы
That's all right Все в порядке
Never mind Ничего
Forget it Забудьте это
You needn't apologize. It's my fault. Вам нет нужды извиняться. Это моя вина
No harm done Не стоит извинений!
No offence taken Я не обиделся
IV. Invitation. Arrangements. Agreement Приглашение. Договоренность.
Are you engaged ? Вы заняты?
What are your plans for today? Каковы ваши планы сегодня?
May I invite you to the cinema? Можно пригласить вас в кино?
May I see you home? Можно проводить вас?
Will it be all right with you? Вас это устроит?
Replies Ответы.
All right Хорошо.
With pleasure С удовольствием.
I don't mind Не возражаю
That' s fine Прекрасно.
That' s a good idea Хорошая идея.
Not a bad idea Неплохая мысль.
I' Il be delighted Я буду рад (доволен).
That suits me very well Меня это очень устраивает.
That' s settled. (Settled) Решено.
Willingly
Охотно
I don't care. Мне все равно.
Sounds good Звучит неплохо
Of course. Sure. Certainly Конечно
Why not?
I’m sure of that
I thought as much
I'm afraid I can't Боюсь что не смогу
Почему нет
Я в этом уверен
Я так и думал
39I'm afraid I'm busy Боюсь, что занят (а)
V. Congratulations and Wishes Поздравления и пожелания
Congratulations! Поздравляю!
Please accept my heartiest and sincerest wishes! Примите мои самые сердечные
пожелания!
My best congratulations to you on your birthday! Мои поздравления с днём рождения!
A happy New Year! С новым годом!
My best wishes to you! Мои наилучшие пожелания вам!
May all the dreams come true! Пусть сбудутся все ваши мечты!
I wish you all the happiness in the world! Желаю вам огромного счастья!
I wish you good luck! Доброй удачи вам!
I wish you every success! Желаю вам всяческих успехов!
I wish you success in passing your examination! Желаю успешной сдачи экзамена!
Have a good journey! Счастливого пути!
I hope you have a good time! Желаю хорошо провести время!
Thanks for congratulations! Спасибо за поздравления!
VI. Knowlenge of Languages Знание языков
What does this word mean? Что означает это слово?
Speak slowly,please Говорите медленно пожалуйста
Is my pronunciation correct? Мое произношение правильное?
I can read English a little bit Я могу читать поанглийски немного
I read with the help of a dictionary Я читаю с помощью словаря
Please, say it again Повторите пожалуйста
Spell the word, please Назовите слово по буквам пожалуйста
We need an interpreter Нам нужен переводчик
She speaks broken English Она говорит на ломанном английском
His English is poor Он слабо знает английский
His vocabulary is rather rich Его словарный запас довольно богатый
Can you speak a bit louder? Вы можете говорить немного громче?
Don' t speak so fast. Не говорите так быстро
I didn' t quite catch what you said Я не вполне уловил, что вы сказали
Look up the new word in a dictionary. Посмотрите новое слово в словаре
I would like to read the book in the original Я бы хотел прочесть книгу в оригинале
I'd like to take English lessons Я бы хотела брать уроки английского языка
VII. Special Cases of Replies Особые случаи ответов
By all means Обязательно
To my regret К моему сожалению
It's nothing to speak of Не о чем говорить
It's high time to Давно пора
So much the better Тем лучше
Don't worry Не беспокойтесь
At all costs Чего бы это ни стоило
Don't be in a hurry Не торопитесь
With pleasure С удовольствием
40Let's hope for the best Давайте надеяться на лучшее
O. K. Хорошо, ладно
Take it easy Не волнуйтесь (не переживайте)
I see Понятно
I can't make up my mind Я не могу решить
Looks like that Похоже на то
Watch your language Выбирайте выражения
Good for you! Молодец!
Mind your own business! Не вмешивайтесь
I take it for granted. Я считаю это само собой разумеющимся
I am inclined to think so Я склонен так думать
Leave me alone Оставьте меня в покое
It's a pity Жаль
Leave it to me Предоставьте это мне
Make yourself at home Чувствуйте себя как дома
Just a minute, please Подождите минутку,пожалуйста
I ‘d like to ask you Я хочу попросить вас
Вы уверены?
Вы это всерьез?
VIII. Disagreement. Denial. Doubt. Несогласие. Отрицание.Сомнение
Are you sure?
Are you serious?
I don't agree with you Я не согласен с вами
I don't agree to your opinion Я не согласен с вашим мнением
On the contrary! Наоборот!
Nothing of the kind Ничего подобного!
I am afraid you are wrong Боюсь, что вы не правы
I shouldn' t say so Я бы не сказал этого!
One never can tell Я не уверен
One never knows Никогда нельзя сказать с уверенностью
Certainly not
That’s not the question
I can’t see much sense in it Не вижу в этом смысла
That isn’t true
I’m against it
I’m not sure
That won’t do Так не годится
I don’t think so Я так не думаю
Absolutely not Безусловно нельзя
Ни в коем случае
By no means
Это не так
Я против
Я не уверен
Конечно нет
Не в этом дело
That’s the trouble. Вот в чем проблема.
I feel uneasy. Я чувствую себя неловко.
I am worried. Я беспокоюсь.
I am (very much) upset. Я очень расстроен.
IX Surprise. Encourangement. Sympathy. Удивление. Ободрение. Симпатия.
Really?
Да? Действительно?
41Какое совпадение!
В самом деле?
Вот это сюрприз!
Да ну! Что вы говорите!
Is that really so?
Well, it is a surprise!
You don’t say so!
What a coincidence! [kou’ insidns]
The world we live in! Ну и ну! Ну и дела (творятся в мире)!
Believe it or not. Хотите верьте, хотите нет.
Just fancy! (разг.) Можете себе представить!
That beats everything! Ну, знаете! Такого я еще не слышал!
It’s news to me. Это новость для меня.
Do you really mean it? Вы это действительно имеете в виду?
Cheer up!
Go ahead.
Don’t worry.
Pull yourself together. Возьмите себя в руки.
Take it easy! / Don’t take it
very much to heart [ ha:t]! к сердцу
Don’t get upset (about it).
Let’s hope for the best. Будем надеяться на лучшее.
Everything will come round. Все обойдется.
Things happen. Всякое бывает.
Не унывайте!
Продолжайте. (Действуйте.)
Не беспокойтесь.
Не расстраивайтесь (изза этого)
Не принимайте это близко
been [bi:n]
Становиться
Начинать
Простое прошедшее Причастие II
Перевод на русский
Быть
beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn] Бить
became [bi:keim] become[bi:km]
begun [bi'gn]
blown [bloun] Дуть
broken ['brouk(e)n] Ломать
brought [brƆ:t]
built [bilt]
burnt [bз:nt]
bought [bƆ:t] Покупать
caught [kƆ:t] Ловить, хватать, успеть
∫ə
chosen [t
come [km]
Неопределенная форма
(Infinitive) (Past Simple) (Past Participle)
be [bi:] was [wƆ z], were [wз:]
beat [bi:t]
become [bi:km]
begin [bi'gin] began [bi'gæn]
blow [blou]
break [breik]
bring [briŋ]
build [bild]
burn [bз:n]
buy [bai]
catch [kæt ]∫
choose [t u:z]
come [km]
cost [cƆst]
creep [kri:p] crept [krept]
cut [kt]
do [du:]
draw [drƆ:]
dream [dri:m] dreamt [dremt]
drank [dræŋk]
drink [driŋk]
blew [blu:]
broke [brouk]
brought [brƆ:t]
built [bilt]
burnt [bз:nt]
bought [bƆ:t]
caught [kƆ:t]
chose [t
uz]
came [keim]
cost [cƆst] cost [cƆst]
drawn [drƆ:n]
dreamt [dremt]
drunk [drŋk] Пить
ə
Приходить
Стоить
Ползать
Резать
Делать
cut [kt]
did [did]
drew [dru:]
cut [kt]
done [dn]
Приносить
Строить
Гореть
Рисовать, тащить
Мечтать, дремать
∫
∫ə
uz( )n]
Выбирать
crept [krept]
42fit [fit] Подходить по размеру
driven ['drivn] Водить
Есть
eaten ['i:tn]
fallen ['fƆ:l n] ə
fed [fed]
felt [felt]
Кормить
Чувствовать
fought [fƆ:t]
Бороться
found [faund] Находить
Падать
frozen ['frouzn]
flew [flu:] flown [floun] Летать
forgot [f 'gə Ɔt]
ə
forgave [fo'geiv] forgiven [fo'givn]
forgotten [f 'gə Ɔt( )n] Забывать
Прощать
Замерзать
Получать
Давать
Идти
Расти
froze [frouz]
got [gƆt]
given [givn]
gave [geiv]
gone [gƆn]
went [went]
grown [groun]
grew [gru:]
hung [hŋ]
hung [hŋ]
had [hæd] had [hæd]
heard [hз:d]
hid [hid]
held [held]
held [held]
hurt [hз:t] hurt [hз:t]
kept [kept]
kept [kept]
knew [nju:]
known [noun] Знать
laid [leid]
led [led]
learnt [lз:nt]
left [left]
Висеть, развешивать
Иметь
Слышать
hidden ['hidn] Прятать
Держать
Ушибить
Содержать
learnt [lз:nt]
heard [hз:d]
got [gƆt]
drove [drouv]
fell [fel]
fed [fed]
felt [felt]
fought [fƆ:t]
found [faund]
drive [draiv]
eat [i:t] ate [et]
fall [fƆ:l]
feed [fi:d]
feel [fi:l]
fight [fait]
find [faind]
fit [fit] fit [fit]
fly [flai]
ə
forget [f 'get]
forgive [fo'giv]
freeze [fri:z]
get [ get ]
give [giv]
go [gou]
grow [grou]
hang [hæŋ]
have [hæv]
hear [hi ]ə
hide [haid]
hold [hould]
hurt [hз:t]
keep [ki:p]
know [nou]
lay [lei]
lead [li:d]
learn [lз:n]
leave [li:v]
let [let] let [let]
lie [lai] lay [lei]
lit [lit]
light [lait]
lost [lƆst] lost [lƆst]
lose [lu:z]
make [meik]
made [meid]
meant [ment]
mean [mi:n]
meet [mi:t]
met [met] met [met]
mistake [mis'teik]
pay [pei]
prove [pru:v] proved [pru:vd]
put [put]
quit [kwit]
read [ri:d]
ride [raid]
ring [riŋ]
rise [raiz]
run [rŋ]
say [sei]
see [si:]
seek [si:k]
sell [sel]
send [send]
sew [sou]
put [put] put [put]
quit [kwit]
quit [kwit]
read [red] read [red]
rode [roud]
rang [ræŋ]
rose [rouz]
ran [ræŋ] run [rŋ]
said [sed] said [sed]
saw [sƆ:] seen [si:n]
sought [sƆ:t]
sold [sould]
sent [sent] sent [sent]
sewed [soud]
laid [leid]
led [led]
paid [peid]
Бежать
Говорить
Видеть
sought [sƆ:t] Искать
sold [sould] Продавать
Посылать
left [left]
let [let]
lain [lein]
lit [lit] Освещать
ridden ['ridn] Ездить верхом
rung [rŋ]
risen ['rizn] Подниматься
Звенеть
Класть
Вести
Учить
Оставлять
Позволять
Лежать
made [meid]
meant [ment] Значить
Терять
Производить
Встречать
Платить
Доказывать
Положить
Выходить
Читать
mistook [mis'tuk] mistaken [mis'teik(e)n]Ошибаться
paid [peid]
proven [pru:vn]
sewn [soun] Шить
43∫
∫ə
shook [ uk]∫
∫ə
showed [
ud]
shaken [' eik( )n]
shown [
ə
un]
∫
∫ə
Встряхивать
shrank [ ræŋk]
shut [∫t] shut [∫t]
sang [sæŋ]
sung [sŋ]
shrunk [ r∫ ŋk]
Уменьшать
Закрывать
Петь
Сидеть
slept [slept] Спать
Скользить
spoken ['spouk(e)n] Говорить
spelt [spelt] Произносить по буквам
Тратить
spent [spent]
Портить
spoilt [spƆilt]
Расстилать
spread [spred]
sprung [sprŋ]
Прыгать
stood [stu:d] Стоять
Красть
stolen ['st ul n]
stuck [stk] Колоть
stung [stŋ] Жалить
swept [swept]
shake [ eik]
show [
u]
Показывать
∫
shrink [ riŋk]
shut [∫t]
sing [siŋ]
sit [sit] sat [sæt] sat [sæt]
slept [slept]
sleep [sli:p]
slid [slid] slid [slid]
slide [slaid]
spoke [spouk]
speak [spi:k]
spell [spel]
spelt [spelt]
spend [spend] spent [spent]
spoil [spƆil]
spoilt [spƆilt]
spread [spred] spread [spred]
spring [spriŋ] sprang [spræŋ]
stand [stænd] stood [stu:d]
stole [stoul]
steal [sti:l]
stuck [stk]
stick [stik]
sting [stiŋ]
stung [stŋ]
sweep [swi:p] swept [swept]
swell [swel]
swim [swim] swam [swem]
take [teik]
teach [ti:t ]∫
tear [te ]ə
tell [tel]
θ
think [ iŋk]
θ ə
throw [ r u]
understand [nd 'stænd]
wake [weik]
wear [we ]ə
weep [wi:p]
win [win]
wind [waind] wound [waund]
write [rait]
took [tuk] taken ['teik( )n]ə
taught [tƆ:t]
tore [tƆ:] torn [tƆ:n]
told [tould]
told [tould]
thought [θƆ:t]
thought [θƆ:t]
θ ə
thrown [ r un]
threw [ ru:]
ə
ə
woke [wouk]
woken ['wouk(e)n] Просыпаться
worn [wƆ:n] Носить
wore [wƆ:]
wept [wept] Плакать
wept [wept]
won [wn]
won [wn]
wound [waund]
written ['ritn]
Выметать
swelled [sweld] swollen ['swoul(e)n] Разбухать
taught [tƆ:t] Учить
Рвать
Рассказывать
understood [nd 'stud]
understood [nd 'stud] Понимать
Выигрывать
Извиваться
Писать
Плавать
Брать, взять
Думать
Бросать
ə
∫
θ
ə ə
swum [swm]
wrote [rout]
4445