I. Read the following text and do the task below. Прочитайте текст  и  выполните задание ниже:

 

                                    Robot fingers that adapt to shape

 

A new type of robot gripper, believed to be the first of its kind in the world, picks up a telephone receiver and presents it to the waiting hand of Peter Scott, the robotics at Imperial College, London University, who invented the device. Called the Omnigripper, it is claimed to be more versatile than ordinary grippers, giving robots a sense of touch and enabling them to pick up objects of almost any shape.

The prototype Omnigripper can handle objects weighing up to about 2kg. It consists basically of two slightly separated "fingers", each made up of an array of 127 closely-spaced telescopic pins that can ride up and down independently of each other, Lowering the gripper over, an object pushes some of the pins out of the way, leaving “customized” fingers moulded round the item to be lifted. Feedback from each pin can provide tactile information about an object and build up a three-dimensional image of it.

The basic design form of the Omnigripper allows for many variations for different applications, and for the development of bigger and more complicated versions. Industrially, the gripper should prove particularly useful in automatic assembly lines where robots frequently need to handle a wide variety of parts for a given assembly and position them accurately. The Omnigripper principle has been patented internationally by the British Technology Group and the next stage will be to develop versions for licensed users.

II.  Are the following statements true (T) or false (F). Прочитайте предложения и определите правда ( T ) или Ложь ( F ):

3.      A new type of robot gripper can pick up heavy objects only.

4.      The robot gripper can pick up objects of round shape.

5.      The invention of robotic installation has not been patented yet.

6.      The robot gripper consists basically of two slightly separated fingers

III.  Answer the following questions. Ответьте на вопросы.

4.      Who invented this robotic device?

5.      What is this robot to be useful for?

6.      What do you know about robotic research development?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                

 

 

                                  

I. Read the following text and do the task below. Прочитайте текст  и  выполните задание ниже:

 

What is Computer Security?

 

Terms like security, protection, and privacy often have more than one meaning. Even professionals who work in information security do not agree on exactly what these terms mean. The focus of this book is not formal definitions and theoretical models so much as practical, useful information. Therefore, we'll use an operational definition of security and go from there. "A computer is secure if you can depend on it and its soil ware to behave as you expect."

If you expect the data entered into your machine today to be there in a few weeks, and to remain unread by anyone who is not supposed to read it, then the machine is secure. This concept is often called trust: you trust the system to preserve and protect your data.

By this definition, natural disasters and buggy software are as much threats to security as unauthorized users. This belief is obviously true from a practical standpoint. Whether your data is erased by a vengeful employee, a random virus, an unexpected bug, or a lightning strike - the data is still gone.

Our practical definition might also imply to some that security is concerned with issues of testing your software and hardware, and with preventing user mistakes. However, we don't intend our definition to be that inclusive. A  formal definition wouldn't necessarily help you any more than our working definition, and would require detailed explanations of risk assessment, asset valuation, policy formation, and a number of other topics beyond what we are able to present here.

But if you don't know what you're protecting, why you’re protecting it, and what you are protecting it from, your task will be rather difficult!

 

II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F).  Прочитайте предложения и определите правда ( T ) или Ложь ( F ):

 

9.      The term “security” means “privacy”, “private thing”.

10. Your computer is secure if you can rely on it.

11. Security is concerned with issues of testing your keyboard.

12. Computer virus can help to provide security.

 

III. Answer the following questions.  Ответьте на вопросы.

a)      Is it possible to provide a full computer security by preventing user mistakes?

b)     Do professionals who work in information security know the exact meaning of the term “security”?

c)      What do you know about computer security development?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                 I. Read the following text and do the task below. Прочитайте текст  и  выполните задание ниже:

 

                                           Industrial Robots

There are few micro-electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future employments opportunities. A robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or processes components in the same way as human hand or arm. It consists basically of three elements: the mechanical structure including the artificial wrist and gripper, the power unit with hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical and the control system that is mini-computers micro-processors. The essential characteristic of a robot that it can be programmed. Thus many devices would be better termed “numerically-controlled arms” since they are mechanical arms controlled by rudimentary (non-computer) software and are not radically different to the existing automation equipment. So robot can be defined as a hybrid of mechanical, electrical and computing engineering.

 

II Are the following statements true (T) or false (F).  Прочитайте предложения и определите правда ( T ) или Ложь ( F ):

 

1. The future employment opportunities are reduced by the robots development.

2. The number of employees will raise thanks to robots.

3. A robot is a machine which repeats actions after a man.

4. The insignificant characteristic of a robot that it can be programmed.

5. The mechanical arms are controlled in a primitive way.

6. The existing automation equipment is radically different to new devices.

7. A robots are self-programmed.

 

III Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words. Дополните предложения словами:

union  defined  possibilities  significant  devices 

1. A robot can be … as a machine which acts in the same way as human hand.      

2.  The … characteristic of a robot that it can be programmed.

3. Robot can be defined as a … of mechanical, electrical and computing engineering.

4. The micro-electronic … raise fears regarding future employments …

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.      Переведите на русский язык.

the control system, semiconductor industry, measuring equipment, life time, room temperature, body temperature, rubber industry, normal operation conditions

 

 

2.       Переведите следующие интернациональные слова.

revolution, bourgeois, individualism, egoism, moral, morality, internationalist, principle, foundation, public, final, system, guarantee, institute, institution, specialist, qualification, sector, national, economy, culture, territory, group, sex, religion, social status

 

3.      Переведите на русский язык группы слов.

to throw—to overthrow; power—powerful; know—knowledge; place —to replace; high—higher; education—educational; appear—appearance—disappear; work—worker—workshop; to leave—leaver; to lead— leader; in regard of—regardless; free—freedom—free of charge; employ— employer—unemployed—unemployment

 

 

4.        Переведите сочетания слов.

regardless of; along with; the more ... the better; was to read; have to  translate;   such   schools

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. What is a Computer?

Read the following text and do the task below

The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:

d)                 Hardware

e)                  Software

f)                  People

g)                 Procedures

h)                 Data/information

When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.

Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn’t know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

 

The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.

 

II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1.      Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.

2.      Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded.

3.      There are five elements of computer system: hardware, software, people, diskettes and data.

4.      The manner in which computers are connected is the connectivity.

5.      Without software instructions hardware doesn’t know what to do.

6.      The software is the most important component because it is made by people.

7.      The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.

8.      Computer is used to help people in decision making process.

 

III. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words:

program

processing of information

computer

people

1)      … is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

2)      … create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present

3)      Information in the form of instruction is called a…

4)      The basic job of the computer is the…