Chemical composition of Lonicera species from Kazakhstan
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LONICERA SPECIES FROM KAZAKHSTAN
S.V. Kushnarenko1, L.N. Karasholakova1,2, K.T. Abidkulova 2, G. Özek3, T. Özek3, K.H.C.Başer 3,4
*Email: svetlana_bio@mail.ru
1Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan,
2AlFarabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,
3Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey,
4King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Іntroduction
The genus Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) comprises of 200 species with 21 growing in Kazakhstan. The
genus includes shrubs with both climbing and nonclimbing sprouts. The fruits of most species are
either inedible or poisonous (1). The present work aimed to investigate two Lonicera species, L.
iliensis Pojark. and L. altaica Pall. ex DC collected in different vegetation stages for chemical
composition of the essential oils. These species belong to subsection of blue honeysuckles
Caeruleae Rehd. (section Isika Rehd.), both of them have edible fruits (24).
Materials and Methods
Plant collection sites
leaves during
Plant Material: The flowers,
the
flowering and fruiting stage and fruits of two species of
honeysuckle from natural habitats have been collected
in paper bags from June to July 2012 (Fig. 1, 2).
Lonicera iliensis has been collected in the Almaty
region (GPS coordinate: N 44°45'770'', E 076°49'689'',
397 m above sea level); аnd L. altaica – in the East
Kazakhstan region (N 50°23'646'', E 084°12'886'', 1100
m above sea level).
Essential Oil Extraction: The dried plant material was subjected to hydrodistillation using
Clevenger type apparatus to yield essential oils.
GCFID and GC/MS Analysis: Qualitative and quantitative investigations of the essential oils
were performed by gaschromatography with flame ionisation detector (GCFID) and gas
chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The GC/MS analysis has been carried
out with HPInnowax FSC column in conditions reported previously (5).
Compounds Identification: Compounds of the essential oils were identified by comparison of
the chromatographic peaks retention times with those of authentic compounds analyzed under the
same conditions, and by comparison of the retention indices (RI) (as Kovats indices) with
literature data. Comparisons of MS fragmentation patterns with those of standards and mass
spectrum database search were performed using the Wiley GC/MS Library (Wiley, New York,
NY, USA), MassFinder software 4.0, Adams Library, and NIST Library. Confirmation was also
achieved using the inhouse “Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents” database, obtained
from chromatographic runs of pure compounds performed with the same equipment and
conditions.
Lonicera iliensis
Lonicera altaica
A b u n d a n c e
1 8 0 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
T im e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
2 8 0 0 0 0
2 6 0 0 0 0
2 4 0 0 0 0
2 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 8 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
T im e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
9 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
T im e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
1 7 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0
1 3 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
T i m e - - >
T I C : G S 2 6 7 A . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
А
T I C : G S 2 6 7 B . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
В
T I C : G S 2 6 7 D . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
С
A b u n d a n c e
1 7 0 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0 0
1 3 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
T im e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
4 0 0 0 0 0
3 8 0 0 0 0
3 6 0 0 0 0
3 4 0 0 0 0
3 2 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0
2 8 0 0 0 0
2 6 0 0 0 0
2 4 0 0 0 0
2 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 8 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
T i m e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
3 4 0 0 0 0
3 2 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0
2 8 0 0 0 0
2 6 0 0 0 0
2 4 0 0 0 0
2 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 8 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
0
T im e - - >
A b u n d a n c e
T I C : G S 2 6 8 A . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
E
T I C : G S 2 6 8 B . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
F
T I C : G S 2 7 3 A . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
G
T I C : G S 2 6 7 C . D \ d a t a . m s
T I C : G S 2 7 3 C . D \ d a t a . m s
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
D
5 5 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0
4 5 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 0 0
3 5 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0
2 5 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
0
T im e - - >
1 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0
H
Fig. 2 Chemical compounds of essential oils for two Lonicera species:
А, E – flower; В, F – leaf blooming stage; С, G – leaf fruiting stage; D, H – fruit.
ААА
А
C
В
D
Fig. 1 – Flower and fruit of Lonicera iliensis (A, B) and Lonicera altaica (C, D)
Table – Compounds of essential oils of L. iliensis and L. altaica
L. iliensis
Leaf
Leaf
bloomi
fruiting
stage
L. аltaica
Leaf
bloomi
Leaf
fruiting
stage
№
Compound*
Flower
1
3,4Dimethyl5pentylidene2(5H)
furanone
β
α
α
Damascenone
Ionone
Linalool
(E,E)2,4Decadienal
(E)2Decenal
2 Amyl furan (=2Pentyl furan)
3
1,3,5Tritertbutyl benzene#
(E)
4
(E)
5
6
(E)betaIonone
7
(E)Geranyl acetone
8 Geranyl linalool
9
10
11
12 Hexanal
13
(Z)3hexenal
14 Pentadecanal
15
Cyclocitral
16 Tetradecanal
17 Hexadecanal
18 Octadecanal
19 Octanol
20
21
22
23
24 Phytol
25 Dimethyl tetradecane
26 Nonacosane
27 Tricosane
28 Pentacosane
29 Heptacosane
30 Dodecanoic acid (=Lauric acid)
31 Tetradecanoic acid (=Myristic acid)
32 Hexadecanoic acid (=Palmitic acid)
1Octadecanol
1Hexadecanol
6,10,14Trimethylpentadecan2ol
1Eicosanol
33
(Z)9Hexadecenoic acid (=
Palmitoleic acid)
34 Hexahydrofarnesylacetone
35
(E)Nerolidol
(E,E)Farnesene
36
37 Naphthalene
38
39
40
1Methyl naphthalene
2Methyl naphthalene
(Z)Octadec9en18olide
2,5epoxy6,8
megastigmadiene
41
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.1
2.0
11.0
33.5
2.1
2.6
6.0
21.0
ng
stage
1.7
2.6
1.2
3.3
2.2
1.5
11.3
3.1
1.8
3.3
13.5
21.3
1.0
1.8
2.5
2.5
Fruit Flower
2.5
1.4
1.3
1.7
17.1
3.7
5.0
16.0
18,5
1.1
1.0
2.2
1.3
1.4
4.8
4,9
25.8
3.8
1.3
5.2
15.0
2.1
1.4
ng
stage
1.7
1.3
2.4
3.4
1.5
2.9
4.4
1.2
2.5
11.6
2.2
2.7
1.0
6.6
12.7
2.1
6.2
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.0
1.9
11.3
1.3
1.3
5.2
28.4
4.0
5.6
6.8
Classes of
chemical
compounds of
essential oils
Furan ketone
Furan
Benzene derivate
Rose ketone
Oxygenated
monoterpenes
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Phenylpropanoids
Alkanes
FA, FAE
Oxygenated
sesquiterpenes
Sesquiterpene
hydrocarbons
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbon
Macrolide
Norcarotenoid
Fruit
1.8
1.0
1.0
2.2
2.5
3.9
1.8
4.9
52.5
2.4
4.1
1.6
2.7
11.3
14.6
1.2
1.4
3.2
1.6
1.2
2.8
3.0
10.2
4.3
3.6
2.3
1.1
TOTAL
83.0
74.6
73.4
67.2
71.3
69.4
72.6
71.6
* ≥ 1%
# Tentative identification
Reference
1. M. Smolika, I. Ochmianb, J. Grajkowski, Genetic variability of Polish and Russian accessions of
сultivated blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea), Rus. J. Genetics, 46(8), 960–966, 2010.
2. Flora of Kazakhstan, AlmaAta: Nauka, 1965.
3. Arus L., Kask K., Edible Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis) underutilized berry 33 crop in
Estonia, NJF Rep. 3 (1), 33–36, 2007.
4. Skvortsov, A.K. and Kuklina, A.G., Blue Honeysuckles: botanic study and prospects of cultivation
in the temperate European Russia, Moscow: Nauka, 2002.
5. G. Özek, F. Demirci, T. Özek, N. Tabanca, D.E. Wedge, Sh.I. Khan, K.H.C..Baser, A. Duran,
E.Hamzaoglu, Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles obtained by four
different techniques from Salvia rosifolia Sm., and evaluation for biological activity, J. Chrom. A,
1217, 741–748, 2010.
Fig. 3 Classes of chemical compounds of essential oils for two Lonicera species:
А – flower, В – leaf blooming stage, С – fruit, D – leaf fruiting stage.
Results and Discussion
Depending on the plant species and used organ the extracted oils differed in color (from almost
colorless to yellowgreen), and flavor (from weak herbal to rich perfume). Detected constituents
were classified as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alkanes, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids,
aldehydes and alcohols. Quantitative and qualitative diversity depending on species, organ and
phase of development of the plants have been detected (Table, Fig. 2). A high abundance of
alkanes (17.144.5%) was detected in the volatiles of all the L. iliensis organs investigated. In the
flowers, leaves at blooming stage and fruits of L. altaica alkanes were found as dominating
group. However, alkanes have not been detected in the leaf oil of L. altaica collected at fruiting
stage. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the distinguishing characteristic in the volatiles of
L. altaica leaves at fruiting stage while oxygenated monoterpenes were in high percentages in the
leaves at blooming stage. The flowers of L. iliensis and L. altaica have been found to be rich with
oxygenated sesquiterpenes (21.0 % and 15.0%, respectively) with hexahydrofarnesyl acetone as
the major representatives.
The present work is the first contribution into chemistry of volatiles of Lonicera species growing
in Kazakhstan.
Acknowledgement: This research was carried out in scope of the project “Development of production biotechnology for biologically active preparations
of Kazakhstan species of honeysuckle”. This investigation was carried out in the framework of scientific and technical program 0.0585 ”Biotechnology
for creation of medicinal preparations, biological active supplements and specialized diet products and other materials on base of cultivated, introduced
and wild plant species of Kazakhstan’s flora”. This study was supported by the Government Grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Kazakhstan.
Fig. 3 Classes of chemical compounds of essential oils for two Lonicera species: А – flower, В – leaf blooming stage, С – fruit, D – leaf fruiting stage.Table – Compounds of essential oils of L. iliensis and L. altaicaFig. 1 – Flower and fruit of Lonicera iliensis (A, B) and Lonicera altaica (C, D) Fig. 2 Chemical compounds of essential oils for two Lonicera species: А, E – flower; В, F – leaf blooming stage; С, G – leaf fruiting stage; D, H – fruit.
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