Hardware Von Neuumann Architecture_methodological_instructions_ 1 variant (1)

Methodological Instructions

Theme: Von Neumann Architecture

Aim: Describe the features of a control unit (CU), arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and a memory register as separate parts of the processor

Assessment criteria

●       Know the features a Control unit and ALU of the CPU

●       Know the main components of the CPU

●       Know the purpose of registers

Basic Level:

Know types of memory main memory and secondary memory (7-9 grades)

Key words and phrases:

The types of operating systems are divided into ____

CU, ALU, Registers, main memory

Main components of the CPU___________

Purpose a main memory is ___________

I.                   Theory

John von Neumann first published Von Neumann architecture in 1945.

His computer architecture design consists of a Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Memory Unit, Registers and Inputs/Outputs.

Von Neumann architecture is based on the stored-program computer concept, where instruction data and program data are stored in the same memory.  This design is still used in most computers produced today.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the electronic circuit responsible for executing the instructions of a computer program.

It is sometimes referred to as the microprocessor or processor.

The CPU contains the ALU, CU and a variety of registers.

Registers

Registers are high speed storage areas in the CPU.  All data must be stored in a register before it can be processed.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

The ALU allows arithmetic (add, subtract etc) and logic (AND, OR, NOT etc) operations to be carried out.

Control Unit (CU)

The control unit controls the operation of the computer’s ALU, memory and input/output devices, telling them how to respond to the program instructions it has just read and interpreted from the memory unit.  The control unit also provides the timing and control signals required by other computer components.

Buses

Buses are the means by which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another, connecting all major internal components to the CPU and memory.

A standard CPU system bus is comprised of a control bus, data bus and address bus.

Memory Unit

The memory unit consists of RAM, sometimes referred to as primary or main memory.  Unlike a hard drive (secondary memory), this memory is fast and also directly accessible by the CPU.

RAM is split into partitions.  Each partition consists of an address and its contents (both in binary form).

The address will uniquely identify every location in the memory.

Loading data from permanent memory (hard drive), into the faster and directly accessible temporary memory (RAM), allows the CPU to operate much quicker.

П. Tests and Assignments for Self-assessment.

1)     Name and identify the purpose of the three buses in the CPU.

2)     What does the control unit in a CPU do?

3)     What is stored in the PC (program counter) in the CPU?

4)     What is meant by the term RAM?

5)     Why do computers usually contain both RAM and ROM?

6)     Describe the fetch–decode–execute cycle.

7)     For this program in main memory:

a)     What are the contents of the MAR (memory address register) and MDR (memory data register) after the command ‘load data from memory location 4’ in memory location 0 is executed?

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b)     What is the value stored in the ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) after the command in memory location 1 has been executed?

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c)      what is the value stored in the PC (program counter) after the instruction in memory location 2 has been fetched?

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Visual Aids and Materials.

1.      Slides

2.      Von Neumann Architecture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BpgAHBZgec

3.      Von Neumann Architecture https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/theory/von-neumann-architecture

4.      What’s the difference between Von-Neumann and Harvard architectures? https://www.microcontrollertips.com/whats-the-difference-between-von-neumann-and-harvard-architectures/

5.      Features of a Von Neumann architecture  http://www.teach-ict.com/as_as_computing/ocr/H447/F453/3_3_3/vonn_neuman/miniweb/pg3.htm

Students' Practical Activities:

Students must know:

●       Know the features a Control unit and ALU of the CPU

●       Know the main components of the CPU

●       Know the purpose of registers

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