Методическая разработка по теме Ecology по дисциплине иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности.

                         МИНИСТЕРСТВО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

И ЗАНЯТОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ

Краевое государственное автономное профессиональное

 образовательное учреждение «Промышленный колледж энергетики и связи»

 (Филиал КГА ПОУ «Энергетический колледж»)

 

РАССМОТРЕНЫ на заседании ПЦК протокол № ______ от ____________ ________________________   Председатель ПЦК ________________ Л.А. Чернова « 01 » сентября  2022 г.

УТВЕРЖДАЮ Зам. руководителя по УВР филиала КГА ПОУ «Энергетический колледж»     ____________ С.В. Синюкова            « 01 » сентября  2022 г.

 

 

Методическая разработка по теме Ecology

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык

 в профессиональной деятельности»

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

г. Артем

2022

Разработчик: О.А. Тегай преподаватель филиала КГА ПОУ «Энергетический колледж»

 

 

I  Методические указания пересмотрены на заседании ПЦК:

Протокол от «________» _____________________________20___г. № ______________

Председатель ПЦК ________________________________   _________________________

                                               (подпись)                                          (И.О.Фамилия)           

 

 

 

II Методические указания пересмотрены на заседании ПЦК:

Протокол от «________» _____________________________20___г. № ______________

Председатель ПЦК ________________________________   _________________________

                                               (подпись)                                          (И.О.Фамилия)           

 

 

 

III  Методические указания пересмотрены на заседании ПЦК:

Протокол от «________» _____________________________20___г. № ______________

Председатель ПЦК ________________________________   _________________________

                                               (подпись)                                          (И.О.Фамилия)           

 

 

 

 

 

                                          Пояснительная записка.

   Основная цель разработки - расширение знаний студентов по теме «Экология» и совершенствование навыков изучающего и ознакомительного чтения и устной речи на английском языке по данной тематике.

   Методические указания состоят из основных разделов, в которые входят тексты, взятые из оригинальных источников, рассматривающие общие проблемы экологии.   Каждый раздел включает упражнение на введение активного вокабуляра, овладение которым помогает снятию трудностей в понимании основного содержания текста в процессе ознакомительного чтения. Задание 3 нацелено на узнавание и закрепление контекстного значения слов и словосочетаний. Последующие послетекстовые упражнения способствуют развитию навыков устной речи: умению выражать суждение/собственное мнение/вести диалог, участвуя в дискуссии.

Unit 1.

“A nation that destroys its soil, destroys itself”.

                                                                                          (Franklin D. Roosevelt)

Task 1.  Comment on the statement using the expressions:

It appears to me to be true ...

I agree that ...

Yes, indeed ...

 

Vocabulary:

1. interaction - взаимодействие

2. abundance - изобилие

3. to escape from - ускользнуть от

4. insect - насекомое

5. fate - судьба

6. to prevent - предотвращать

7. to plot the right course - наметить правильный курс

8. by all means - непременно, обязательно

9. goods - товары потребления

10. to cause harm - причинять вред

11. wise advice - мудрый совет

12. to resemble - походить на

13. to sacrifice - приносить в жертву

14. extinction - исчезновение

 

Task 2. Read the text and find answers to the questions:

1. What are the definitions of “ecology”?

2. What is the origin of the word “ecology”?

3. Why does Acad. N. Moiseyev compare human society with a ship?

4. When has the pollution of environment become a global problem?

5. Do you find the advice of J. Galthworthy wise?

 

Text: What does ecology mean?

   Academics define ecology as a special branch within biology. Textbook definitions use phrases like “scientific study of the interactions that determine the abundance and distribution of organisms.” But bookshops often place their ecology shelves next to “Religion and Mysticism, not botany and Zoology”.

   If you describe yourself as an ecologist in conversations outside a biology department you will often be understood as saying you are an activist. Sometimes it seems simpler to call yourself a population biologist or a botanist rather that to argue about what “ecologist” means.

   Whatever ecology textbooks may say ecology is one of these words that has escaped from academic cage of definitions.

   But if we analyses the origin of the word “ecology” we shall understand that is comes from Greek “oikos” which means “home”. Many scientists consider that the idea of “home” includes the whole planet of ours: its population, nature, animals, birds, fish, insects, all living beings and even the atmosphere around our planet.

   However, something is wrong with our home. The life and fate of the planet are now in danger. According to Acad. N. Moiseyev, human society nowadays resembles a ship which finds itself before a reef barrier and is looking for a way out. The captain does not yet know the road to safety but all his actions are aimed at one thing - to prevent disaster.

   How shall we plot the right course? Perhaps we should be guided by science studying the state of our environment as a whore? As not only biologists and geographers, but mathematicians, physicists, chemists, designers and engineers gather under its roof today.

   Mankind long believed that, whatever we did, the Earth would remain much the same. We know now that it is not true. Nature is under the threat. One country’s pollution can be every country’s problem. So we all need to work together to safeguard our environment. We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on a good order to future generations. We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in a good order to future generations. We should always remember the wise advice of a great English writer John Galthworthy who said: “if you don’t think about the future, you will not have it”.

   The intensive development of sciences, industry and chemistry in the 20^th  century has made the pollutions of our environment a global problem. That does not mean trying to halt economic growth. We need grown to give us the means to live better and healthier lives. We must not sacrifice our future well-being for short-term gains, nor pile up environmental debs which will burden our children. We have to take great care where there are real threats to our planet. Awful harm is caused to our home by nuclear tests, atom bombs and accidents at the atomic power stations.

   The world population doubled between 1950 and 1987. More people means more mouths to feed, and that demands more deforestation and soil erosion. By burning forests, draining wetlands, polluting water basins mankind is rapidly driving many species to extinction. Its high time to start solving these global problems.

  

 

 

 

Task 3. Read the text again. Guess the meaning of the words and expressions without a dictionary.

1. distribution of organisms;

2. to describe oneself as an ecologist;

3. cage of definitions;

4. to find itself;

5. a reef barrier;

6. to look for a way out;

7. to be aimed at;

8. disaster;

9. to gather under the roof;

10. to increase;

11. it’s high time.

 

 Task 4. Choose the statement, which expresses the main idea of the text.

1. to define the subject of ecology;

2. to analyze the origin of the word “ecology”;

3. to start solving the global problems of environment.

  

Task 5. Complete the sentences:

1. Ecology is one of those words which does not have strict academic ...

2. The fate of future generations on our planet resembles ...

3. It is sometimes difficult to argue about ...

4. We must not ignore our future well-being for ...

5. The idea of “home” includes ...

6. Mankind is rapidly driving many species to extinction by ...

7. We can ‘t halt ...

8. The harm caused by nuclear tests, atom bombs and accidents at the atomic power stations is ...

  

Task 6. Write an outline of the text.

 

Task 7. Summarize the text according to the outline. Make use of the connectives:

1. first, at first, to begin with;

2. second, then, however, in the place;

3. in other words, namely, in fact.

  

 

 

Task 8. Match the definitions:

1) environment	a) - any physical, chemical or biological alteration of air, water or land that is harmful to living organisms;
2) environmental science	b) - the interdisciplinary study of the complex interconnected issues of population, resources and pollution;
3) population	c) - all the biological and non-biological factors that effect an organism’s life;
4) resource	d) - a group of organisms of the some species living within a specified region;
5)pollution	e) - anything used by organisms to meet their needs, including air, water, minerals, plants, fuels, animals.

 

Task 9. Choose one of the following situations to act it out in pairs:

1. You are newspaper reporter, interviewing a famous geographer:

- ask him/her how understands the essence of ecology;

- ask for his personal opinion of the definition of “ecology” and “ecologist”;

- ask him/her what the word “home” means for a scientist;

- ask him/her why the world population growth is becoming alarming for our planet.

 

2. A lecturer is explaining the students the origin of environmental science. You try to clear up some details:

- ask him/her if it is necessary to halt economic growth to save our planet;

- ask him/her about the read danger of nuclear tests.

 

3. You are a Russian ecologist reporting on a dangerous ecological situation at the international conference. A British colleague asks you questions:

- say why the life on the planet is in danger;

- explain why the air pollution in our country is not a local problem;

- make a special stress on the problem of industrial pollution;

- express your opinion on great harm caused by accidents at the atomic power stations.

 

 

 

 

Unit 2

“There is little of protecting the environment without a greater sense of mutual responsibility”.                                                                                                                                (Kofi Annan)

 

Task 1.  Comment on the statement using the expressions:

That’s just what I think.

It appears to me to be true ...

I agree that ...

Yes, indeed ...

 

Vocabulary:

1. Life threatening - угрожающий жизни

2. to poison - отправлять

3. the fastest -spreading disease - быстро распространяющая болезнь

4. energy consumption - потребление энергии

5. deforestation - гибель леса

6. ozone depletion - истощение озонового слоя

7. greenhouse effect - парниковый эффект

8. nuclear wastes - ядерные отходы

9. fertilizer - удобрение

10. on the brink of extinction - на грани исчезновения

11. to breathe - дышать

12. invention - открытие

13. to vanish - исчезать

 

Task 2. Read the text and find answers to the questions:

1. When have people become alarmed with the danger of pollution?

2. What are planet-wide problems?

3. Why are the seas in danger?

4. What are the main reasons for the greenhouse effect and acid rain?

5. What are the harmful effect of pollution?

 

Text: Environmental protection.

   What is the environment? The environment is everything around us.

   People have always polluted their environment. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem as people lived in uncrowded rural areas. With the development of overcrowded industrial cities which emit huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become urgent. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.

   The poisoning of the world’s land, air and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization. Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming caused by greenhouse effect. The seas are in danger. They are filled with industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizer and pesticides.

   The Mediterranean Sea is nearly dead; the North Sea is the following; the Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it there will be no living organisms left in the seas.

   Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies forever, many flowers become rare and vanish. One million species living today may become extinct within twenty years.

   Air pollution in some big industrial cities is so great that just breathing the air is life threatening. For example, in Cairo it is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.

   Tons of harmful substances emitted by industrial enterprises create dangerous situation for the life on the planet.

   People are beginning to realize that many environmental catastrophes such as Chernobyl disaster present global danger. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. So the governments should clearly realize the disaster threatening the natural world’s. It’s high time for the people of world to unite their efforts in saving the planet - our mutual home.

 

Task 3. Read the text again. Guess the meaning of the words and expressions without a dictionary.

1. to become alarmed;

2.  overpopulation;

3. to hold true;

4. harmful substances;

5. consequences;

6. emission of harmful substances;

7. global warming substances;

8. to become rare;

9. overcrowded;

10. animals and insects.

 

Task 4. According to the text you have read choose the right word to fill in the gaps:

1. People have always ... their environment (defended, polluted, developed).

2. The seas are filled with ... (fish, nuclear, wasted, grass).

3. Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or incest ... forever (grows, remains alive, dies).

4. People are beginning ... that environmental problems are not local (to forget, to realize, to remember).

5. Tons of harmful substances ... dangerous situations for the life on the planet (stop, create, change).

 

Task 5. Complete the sentences:

1. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily ...

2. The poisoning of the world’s land water is the fast spreading ...

3. The Aral Sea is on the brink of ...

4. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening - equivalent to ...

5. Many flowers have become rare and ...

6. The global warming may be caused by ...

7. The people should unite their efforts in ...

 

Task 6. Write an outline of the text in the form of questions.

 

Task 7. Summarize the text according to the outline. Make use of the connectives:

1. first, at first, to begin with;

2. second, in the next place, then;

3. and, besides, in addition;

4. but, however, yet;

5. hence, thus, in short.

 

Task 8. Choose one of the following situations to act it out in pairs.

1. A teacher is explaining the students why the seas are in danger. The students ask questions:

- ask the teacher if acid rains worsen the situation in the Mediterranean Sea;

- ask the teacher what situation with the Black Sea is;

- ask the teacher about the work of Rostov scientists for saving the Azov Sea.

2.  You are at the conference devoted to the problems of environmental pollution. You are interested various facts concerning the danger of pollution:

- ask the reporter how he understands the word “environment”;

- ask the reporter what lead to massive deforestation and ozone depletion;

-  ask the reporter what measures should be undertaken against air pollution.

3. You are talking with a student of geography department from Washington about mutual problems of environmental protection:

- ask him/her when the of the USA have become alarmed with danger of pollution;

- ask him what consequences of pollution are threatening the people and why;

- ask if American government takes part in any international organizations for protecting the on the life on the planet.

 

Unit 3.

“There is sufficiency in the world for man’s need but not for man’s greed”.                                                                                                                      (Mohandas K. Gandhi)

Task 1. Comment on the statement using the expressions:

That’s just what think.

I agree that ...

Yes, indeed ...

It appears to me to be true ...

 

Vocabulary:

1. collaboration - сотрудничество

2. to rely on - полагаться на

3. to be inclined to - быть склонным

4. to ignore - не учитывать

5. capital accumulation - накопление капитала

6. to take advantage of - воспользоваться преимуществом

7. driving forces - движущие силы

8. to allocate resources - выделять ресурсы

9. underlying cause - причина, лежащая в основе

10. large-scale system - широкомасштабная система

11. to respond to - реагировать на

12. treaty -договор

13. measurable gain - измеримая выгода

14. to reduce dramatically - резко сократиться

 

Task 2. Read the text and find answers to the questions:

1. What trend has recently increased in collaboration between ecologist and economists?

2. How do economists try to solve environmental problems?

3. Is knowledge in economy important for ecologists in solving the problems of human environment?

4. How does world community respond to the environmental challenge?

5. What are the consequences of some ecological treaties?

 

 

 

Text: Ecologist and economist can find common ground.

   In recent years there has been a trend of increased interdisciplinary collaboration between ecologist and economist. The economist appears to be more optimistic when regarding the conditions of the human environment.

   In particular, the economist tends to believe that technological innovations can be relied on to solve environmental problems, while ecologist are less inclined to trust technology to cure or by pass problems.

   However, the economists feel that too many economist models ignore the environmental base of material production and consequences of that production for critical environmental systems. Those models continue to postulate unlimited growth in population, unlimited growth of the physical economy by means of capital accumulation and substitution, improved organization, and technological progress.

   The ecologists feel that, when searching for solutions to environmental problems, members of their discipline all too fair to take advantage of the knowledge of economists and other social scientists, in particular regarding the importance of markets for allocating environmental resources.  

   Ecologist often do not appreciate the underlying economic causes or other driving forces of environmental problems or the indirect of measures proposed. Better communication is needed ecologists and environmentalists, as well as between ecologists and economists.

   Ecologists have also tried to move quickly from an understanding of small-scale cause studies to predictions about large-scale systems. The ecologists and economists agreed that there are often substantial conceptual differences between their population, resource, and environmental models due to ignorance of each other’s field’s.

   It is a bad science when economist build models that are obvious of ecological knowledge and bad science can lead to bad policy and faulty management. And if ecological models ignore the ways in which economic institutions operate, they too can have unsatisfactory consequences.

   Ecologists and alarmed that economic analyses of the global economy often do not capture the critical relationship of the scale of the human economy to the scale of the ecosystems that support it.

   There economists agreed that the gross national product is not an ideal measure of human welfare and that it is too often misinterpreted in the press and by politicians. But economists shared the ecologists concern on the importance of global-scale issues, because they agree that the world’s natural capital is becoming scarce.

   The complex web of ecological, economic communication, and other connections binding the world the world together means that no government can build a secure future for its citizens by acting alone.

   One of the primary ways the world community has responded to the environment challenge is through negotiations of treaties and other types of international accords. Nations have agreed on more than 170 ecological treaties - more than two thirds of them since 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment.

   These agreements have led to some measurable gains. Air pollution in Europe has been reduced dramatically as a result as a result of the 1979 treaty on transboundary air pollution. The framework Convention on Climate change became international Law in March 1994 when the 50^th   country (Portugal) ratified it.

  

Task 3. Read the again. Guess the meaning of the words and expressions without a dictionary.

1. to respond to;

2. technological innovation;

3. to cure a problem;

4. to search for solution;

5. measures proposed;

6. indirect effects;

7. prediction;

8. to be obvious;

9. faulty management;

10. unsatisfactory consequences;

11. to be alarmed;

12. global-scale issue;

13. to become scarce;

14. secure future.

 

Task 4. According to the text you have read choose the right word to fill in the gaps:

1. When regarding the conditions of the human environment the economist appears to be more ... (energetic, optimistic, realistic).

2. Ecologists are less inclined ... technology to cure problems (to study, to believe, to trust).

3.  Ecologists often do not ... the underlying economic causes (appreciate, research, understand).

4. Better communication ... between ecologists and environmentalists, as well as between ecologists and economists (is needed, is provided, is discussed).

5. The economists agreed that the gross national product is not an ideal ... of human welfare (price, measure, example).

 

 

Task 5. Complete the sentences:

1. The ecologists quickly move from an understanding of small-scale cause studies to prediction about ...

2. Bad science can lead to bad policy and faulty ...

3. No government can build a secure future for its citizens by ...

4. World community has responded to the environmental challenge through ...

5. Air pollution in Europe has been reduced as a result of 1979 treaty on ...

6. Too many economic models ignore the environmental resource base of ...

7. Economists tend to believe that technological innovations can be relied upon to solve ...

 

Task 6. Write an outline of the text.

 

Тask 7. Summarize the text using the outline and the expressions:

1. The text provides information on ...

2. An attempt is made to ...

3. The text points out ...

4. Attention is given to ...

5. The text is of the following situation ...

 

Task 8. Choose one of the following situations to it act out in pairs.

1.	You are an ecologist discussing the problem of mutual collaboration with an economist:
-	ask if ignorance of economic models lead to bad policy:
-	ask about the different approaches of economists and ecologist to human welfare and environment;
-	ask if ecologists appreciate economic causes of environment.
2.	A Russian politician is speaking to a group of reporters (which can be the whole class) about economic and moral factors of environment:
-	ask why it is impossible to build a secure future for citizens of a single country;
-	ask if air pollution has been reduced in some countries;
-	ask about the importance of Climate change convention.
3.	You are speaking at the scientific conference about the attempts of different scientists to analyses the driving forces of environment. The participants (the whole group) ask questions.