Практическая работа по английскому языку на тему: " Англоговорящие страны"

ENGLISH- SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Read, translate the texts, study the words and expressions and do some exercises.

Text A: “English-speaking countries”

1) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the islands in the northwest of Europe.

The Atlantic ocean is on the north of it and the North Sea to the east. The English Channel (21 miles) separates it from the continent. Great Britain is the largest island/. The three main parts of it are Scotland, England and Wales. Northern Ireland is situated on the island called Ireland.

The population of the United Kingdom is about 60 million and its capital is London.

The United Kingdom is a highly developed country. Its main cities are London, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow.

2) The United States of America (USA) is located in North America. It is one of the largest countries in the world. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. The USA has 50 states. Its capital is Washington D.C. (the District of Columbia). Its main cities are New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Boston.

It is a highly developed country. People of very many nationalities live in the USA.

3) Canada is situated in North America. Three oceans surround it: the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific. The capital of the country is Ottawa. About 30 million people live in Canada.

It is a great industrial country. Its main cities are Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

4) Commonwealth of Australia occupies the continent of Australia and a number of islands (the main one of which is Tasmania). It includes 6 states and 2 territories with a population of about 20 million people.

Its capital is Canberra and the main cities are Sidney and Melbourne.

5) New Zealand consists of several large and many smaller islands. Its population is about 4 million people. The capital is Wellington.

The chief cities are Auckland, Dunedin and Nelson.

It is a highly developed agricultural country.

Vocabulary:

agricultural – сельскохозяйственный

Auckland – Окленд

be situated – быть расположенным

Birmingham – Бирмингем

main part – основная часть

Vancouver - Ванкувер

Manchester – Манчестер

Washington - Вашингтон

Montreal – Монреаль Wellington - Веллингтон

nationality – национальность

Boston – Бостон

Nelson - Нельсон

Canberra – Канберра

New York – Нью -Йорк

Channel – канал

occupy – занимать, захватывать

Chicago – Чикаго

Ottawa - Оттава

Chief – главный

preference - предпочтение

Commonwealth – содружество

principal – главный, основной

consist of – состоять из

San Francisco – Сан-Франциска

Culture – культура

separate – отделять, разделять

D.C. (District of Columbia) – округ Колумбия

several - несколько

Dunedin – Данидин

summary – краткое изложение

Glasgow – Глазго

surround - окружать

Government – правительство

Sydney - Сидней

highly developed – высокоразвитый

Tasmania – Тасмания (остров)

industrial – промышленный, индустриальный

territory - территория

include – включать

the English Channel – Английский канал

located – расположенный

Toronto - Торонто

Los Angeles – Лос-Анджелес

tradition – традиция

Exercise № 1. Complete the chart.

Text B: “The United Kingdom”

The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island na­tion and constitutional monarchy in north-western Eu­rope, member of the European Union (EU).

Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It com­prises, together with numerous smaller islands, England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-east­ern part of the island of Ireland.

The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the east by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The only land bor­der is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ire­land. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242 sq.km. The capital and largest city is London.

The names «United Kingdom», «Great Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably. The use of «Great Britain», often shortened to «Britain», to de­scribe the whole kingdom is common and widely ac­cepted, although strictly it does not include Northern Ireland.

However, the use of «England» to mean the «United Kingdom» is not acceptable to members of the other constituent countries, especially the Scots and the Welsh.

England and Wales were united administratively, po­litically, and legally by 1543. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603, but the two countries remained separate political entities until the 1707 Act of Union, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single legislature. From 1801, when Great Brit­ain and Ireland were united, until the formal establish­ment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the kingdom was officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Hong Kong, which has 200,000 population, was re­turned to China in 1997.

The mainland of the island of Great Britain is 974 km at its longest and 531 km at its widest; how­ever, the highly indented nature of the island's coast­line means that nowhere is more than about 120 km from the sea.

The climate of the United Kingdom is mild relative to its latitude, which is the same as that of Labrador in Canada. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings the prevailing south-west winds that moderate winter temperatures and bring the depressions which have the main day-to-day influence on the weather. The western side of the United Kingdom tends to be warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6°C in the far north of С in the south-west of Eng­land. Winter temperatures seldom are°Scotland; 11 below -10°C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32°C. The sea winds also bring plenty of moisture; average annual pre­cipitation is more than 1,000 mm.

Rain tends to fall throughout the year, frequently turning to snow in the winter, especially in Scotland, the mountains of Wales, and northern England. The west­ern side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern: av­erage rainfall varies is from 5,000 mm in the western Highlands of Scotland, to less than 500 mm in parts of East Anglia in England.

The population of United Kingdom is more than 56 mln people, but it is one of the world's leading commer­cial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross na­tional product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.

Vocabulary:

island nation — островное государство

constitutional monarchy — конституционная мо­нархия

European Union — Европейский союз

to comprise — включать

numerous — многочисленные

principality — княжество

North Sea — Северное море

interchangeably — взаимозаменяемо

to accept — принимать, допускать

strictly — строго, зд. строго говоря

include — включать

constituent — составляющий

administratively — административно

entities — зд. субъекты

single — зд. единая

indented — зд. изрезанная

latitude — широта геогр.

prevailing — преобладающий

moderate — умеренный

depressions — зд. циклоны

mean — средний

throughout — на всем протяжении

average annual precipitation — среднегодовое коли­чество осадков

in terms of — говоря (о чем-либо)

GNP (Gross National Product) — валовой нацио­нальный продукт.

Exercise № 2 . Translate into English.

1. Официальное название Великобритании — Со­единенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.

2. Соединенное королевство является членом Евро­пейского союза и конституционной монархией.

3. Северная Ирландия занимает северо-восточную часть острова Ирландия.

4. Пролив Ла-Манш отделяет Соединенное Королев­ство от континентальной Европы.